1、语法语法-句子成分及练习句子成分及练习英语句子有英语句子有五个最基本的句型五个最基本的句型：1 1、主语、主语 +系动词系动词 +表语表语 2 2、主语、主语 +谓语（不及物动词）谓语（不及物动词）3 3、主语、主语 +谓语（谓语（及物动词及物动词)+)+宾语宾语 4 4、主语、主语 +谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+)+间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）直接宾语（物）变式：主语变式：主语 +谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+)+直接宾语（物）直接宾语（物）+介词介词+间接宾语（人）间接宾语（人）5 5、主语、主语 +谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+)+宾语宾语 +宾语补足语宾语补足语 Sh
2、e likes English.I am a girl She came She gave John a book She gave a book to JohnShe makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage.1.They(主语）主语）are working（系表结（系表结构做谓语）构做谓语）on the farm（地点状语）（地点状语）now（时间状语）（时间状语）.3.All of us（主语）（主语）like（谓语）（谓语）Kobe Bryant（宾语）（宾语）very much（程度副词状语）（程度
3、副词状语）4.To catch the train,（目的状语）（目的状语）I（主语）（主语）got up（谓语）（谓语）early yesterday（时间状语）（时间状语）句子成分标识符号 主语主语 “”划在主语下面划在主语下面 谓语谓语 “”划在谓语下面划在谓语下面 宾语宾语 “”划在宾语下面划在宾语下面 定语定语 “()”用在定语前后用在定语前后 状语状语 “”用在状语前后用在状语前后 补语补语 “”用在补语前后用在补语前后主要主要成分成分附加附加成分成分返返 回回主语：1)Mr.Chen is a well-known scientist.2)He reads newspapers
4、everyday.3)Two and six is eight.4)Smoking is harmful to health.5)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.6)What we shall do next is not yet decided.it作形式主语，由作形式主语，由that 引导引导的从句的从句 It is likely _.that many of them will be born in northwestern BeijingIt is reported _ _ _.that 99%of school-age chil
5、dren in China attended primary school by 2004It is obvious that he was wrong.It 作形式主语，作形式主语，that he was wrong 主语主语从句作真正的主语。从句作真正的主语。It is no use crying over the spilt milk.Its no use doing sth.做某事是没用的做某事是没用的spill spilt spilt(使使)洒出，溢出洒出，溢出覆水难收。覆水难收。It 作形式主语，作形式主语，crying over the spilt milk 动名词短语作真正的主
6、语。动名词短语作真正的主语。1.Studying English is very important.动名词短语作主语动名词短语作主语2.To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.不定式短语作主语不定式短语作主语3.That he won the prize excited everyone.主语从句作主语主语从句作主语4.It is important for us to have our dreams.It 作形式主语，作形式主语，to have our dreams 不定式短语不定式短语作真正的宾语作真正的宾语练习，直出下列句子的主语由何充当
7、练习，直出下列句子的主语由何充当由一个动词或动词短语构成由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every morning.He is angry with you.He was often laughed at for this.由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成构成。You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.动宾动宾介宾介宾I enjoy dancing.He need a job.在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语 常见的系动词有常见
8、的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was)状态：状态：seem,appear,prove-感官：感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look 变化：变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow 持续：持续：remain,stay,keep,表语表语：表语通常在系动词后表语通常在系动词后。1)My uncle is a professor.2)He looked tired.3)The basketball match is on.4)All the pupils are on the playground now.5)Our aim was to
9、 win more medals.6)His work is teaching French.7)The question is who can really repair the machines.注意：单个词常置被修饰词前，短语从句置后注意：单个词常置被修饰词前，短语从句置后 1)The doctor advised her to stay in bed 2)We saw the pupils playing basketball.3)She was elected monitor of Class 1.巩固练习巩固练习指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
10、11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.Thank you!
