1、Unit 1 Introduction Lesson 1 Semiconductor Materials电子技术专业英语教程冯新宇 主编电子工业出版社电子工业出版社 2022-12-132Lesson 1 Semiconductor Materials Backgrounds Text tour Language in use Vocabulary Structure Reading/writing techniques2022-12-133 Terminology Conductor,Semiconductor&insulator IC,ULSI IMPATT,LEDBackgrounds2
2、022-12-134Terminology 2022-12-135 In general,all materials may be classified in three major categories conductors,semiconductors,and insulators-depending upon their ability to conduct an electric current.通常，根据材料导电性能的不同，可分为三种类型导体，半导体和绝缘体。Conductor,Semiconductor&insulator2022-12-136 The materials most
3、 often used in semiconductor devices are germanium and silicon.Silicon(Si)and germanium(Ge)widely used elemental semiconductors.通常用于半导体器件的半导体材料是锗和硅，它们是应用最广的半导体材料。Conductor,Semiconductor&insulator2022-12-137The integrated circuit is a group of transistors manufactured from a single piece of material
4、and connected together internally,without extra wiring.Integrated circuits are also called ICs or chips.集成电路就是一组用单片材料制造的，内部互联的（无外部连线）晶体管。集成电路也叫IC或者芯片。IC,ULSI 2022-12-138Large-scale integration(LSI)came to refer to the creation of integrated circuits that had previously been made from multiple discre
5、te components.ULSI：Ultra Large-scale Integration 特大规模集成电路ULSI circuits can contain 107-109transistors.IC,ULSI 2022-12-139IMPATT,LEDAn IMPATT diode(Impact Ionization Avalanche Transit-Time)is a form of high power diode used in high-frequency electronics and microwave devices.They operate at frequenci
6、es between about 3 and 100 GHz or more 碰撞雪崩渡越时间二极管用于高频率电子和微波器件中。它们的工作频率通常3-100兆赫兹以上。2022-12-1310IMPATT,LEDLED（Light Emitting Diode),it can be directly change the photic signal into the electric signal.发光二极管可以把光信号直接转换成电信号。2022-12-1311 Outline Overview(para.1,2,3,4,5)Silicon material(para.6,7,8)German
7、ium material(para.9,10,11,12)The other semiconductor materials(para.6,7,8,9)Text tour2022-12-1312 Silicon material is the second most abundant element on earth Semiconductor devices silicon waferSilicon material a piece of silicon wafer2022-12-1313 The first transistor Germanium,Germanium material t
8、he first transistor2022-12-1314 GaAs is also widely used in high-speed devices SiC has found some application as the raw material The Other semiconductor materials 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1315 Vocabulary conductivity,periodic,versatile,myriad Structure Reading/writing techniquesLanguage in use2022-12-1316
9、Vocabulary2022-12-1317The ability or power to conduct or transmit heat,electricity,or sound.传导性：传导热、电、或声音的能力或能量 The conductance of a material.材料的传导性 Physiology The conductibility of a structure,especially the ability of a nerve to transmit a wave of excitation.【生理学】传导性：组织的传导性，尤指神经对兴奋的传导能力Conductivit
10、y in dictionary 2022-12-1318Conductivity in text The conductivity of a semiconductor material can be varied under an external electrical field.半导体的导电性能在外部电场的作用下是变化的。2022-12-1319Conductivity in use Resistively，Conductivity resistively 电阻率 conductivity 电导率The semiconductor is a material whose resistiv
11、ity is between that of conductors and insulators,and whose resistivity can sometimes be changed by light,an electric field or a magnetic field.半导体是一种电阻率介于导体与绝缘体之间的材料,其电阻率有时会受光、电场或磁场的影响而变化。2022-12-1320Having or marked by repeated cycles.周期的，周期性的：循环往复的或以此为特征的Happening or appearing at regular intervals
12、.定时的：在一定间歇期出现或发生的Recurring or reappearing from time to time;intermittent.间歇性的：不时重复发生或出现的；间歇的Characterized by periodic sentences.完句的：以循环句子为特征的Periodic in dictionary 2022-12-1321Periodic in textA portion of the periodic table related to semiconductors.半导体化学元素周期表的一部分。2022-12-1322These adjectives all me
13、an recurring or reappearing now and then.Something periodic occurs at regular or at least generally predictable intervals:这些副词都意为不时重复出现的。某物为periodic，是指发生在有规律的或至少通常可预料的间歇里：periodic feelings of anxiety.周期性焦虑。Periodic in use 2022-12-1323Capable of doing many things competently.多才多艺的Having varied uses o
14、r serving many functions:多用途的或者多功能的：The most versatile of vegetables is the tomato 蔬菜中用途最广的是西红柿Variable or inconstant;changeable:反复无常的；易变的：Versatile in dictionary 2022-12-1324 Devices made from semiconductor materials are small but versatile units that can perform an amazing variety of control funct
15、ions in electronic equipment.由半导体材料制成的电子器件非常微小，利用半导体材料的性质可以制造出功能多样的半导体器件。Versatile in text2022-12-1325Versatile in use Versatile，all-around，many-sided，multifaceted，multifarious The central meaning shared by these adjectives is“having many aspects,uses,or abilities”:这些形容词所共有的意思是“具有许多的方面、用途或者能力”：a ver
16、satile writer;多才多艺的作家；an all-around athlete;全能运动员；2022-12-1326Versatile in use a many-sided subject;多个主题；a multifaceted undertaking;多方面的事业；multifarious interests.多种爱好2022-12-1327Constituting a very large,indefinite number;innumerable:无数的；数不清的：由极大且无限的数量构成的；无数的：the myriad fish in the ocean.海洋中数不胜数的鱼Co
17、mposed of numerous diverse elements or facets:多种的，各式各样的：由无数不同的成分组成的：the myriad life of the metropolis.大城市多姿多彩的生活 Myriad in dictionary 2022-12-1328 Silicon is found in myriad compounds in nature and industry.在自然界和工业的许多化合物中均发现有硅成份组成。Myriad in text 2022-12-1329 Throughout most of its history in English
18、 myriad was used as a noun,as in a myriad of men.In the 19th century it began to be used as an adjective,as in myriad men;在英语中，myriad 的大部分历史一直被用作名词，如在数以万计的男子。在19世纪，它开始被用作形容词，如在myriad men 中。Myriad in use2022-12-1330Structure2022-12-1331Reading/writing techniques电子技术专业英语教程Unit 1 IntroductionLesson 2 M
19、oores law电子技术专业英语教程冯新宇 主编电子工业出版社电子工业出版社 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1333Lesson 2 Moores law Backgrounds Text tour Language in use Vocabulary Structure Reading/writing techniques电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1334 Terminology nanotechnology memory capacity Information TechnologyBackgrounds电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1335Terminology
20、电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1336 nanotechnology纳米技术 纳米科学与技术，有时简称为纳米技术，是研究结构尺寸在0.1至100纳米范围内材料的性质和应用。nanotechnology电子技术专业英语教程 DNA nanotechnology DNA纳米技术 Nanotechnology And Biosensors 纳米技术和生物传感器 Self-assembly and nanotechnology 自组装与纳米技术 Energy,Environment and Nanotechnology 能源、环境和纳米技术nanotechnology电子技术专业英语教程2022
21、-12-1338存储容量是指电子器件最大所能存储的数据量，是便携存储产品最为关键的参数。一般便携存储的容量有16MB、32 MB、64 MB、128 MB、256 MB、512 MB、1GB、2GB。memory capacity 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1339 IT（Information Technology）信息技术 IT实际上有三个层次：第一层是硬件，主要指数据存储、处理和传输的主机和网络通信设备；第二层是指软件，包括可用来搜集、存储、检索、分析、应用、评估信息的各种软件；第三层是指应用，指搜集、存储、检索、分析、应用、评估使用各种信息。Information Techn
22、ology电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1340Text tour Outline Overview(para.1,2)The origins of Moores Law(para.3)The effects of Moores Laws(para.4-13)The future of Moores Law(para.14-18)电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1341The origins of Moores Law The part of Moores original 1965 paper thats Moore was ultimately interested电子技术专业英
23、语教程2022-12-1342The effects of Moores Laws Transistors per integrated circuit Cost per transistor Computing performance per unit cost Power consumption 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1343The future of Moores Law A worldwide silicon fab network The worlds first 32nm silicon technology The worlds first 2-billion tr
24、ansistor microprocessor Revolutionary technologies on a chip Advanced research 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1344 Vocabulary mystery，doubling，formulation，successive Structure Reading/writing techniquesLanguage in use电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1345Vocabulary电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1346Something that is not fully understood or
25、that baffles or eludes the understanding;an enigma:秘密，谜：不能被完全理解或在理解上困难或困惑的事物；谜语：A mysterious character or quality:神秘：神秘的性质或特性：A work of fiction,drama,or film dealing with a puzzling crime.推理小说，推理剧：与深奥莫测的罪行有关的虚构小说、戏剧或电影作品A Theology A religious truth that is incomprehensible to the reason and knowable
26、 only through divine revelation.【神学】（宗教的）真理，主义：有不可理解的原因和只有通过神的启示才能认识的宗教真理Mystery in dictionary 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1347 Moores Law summed up the pace of progress in information technology.In the past 40 years,the computer has become an indispensable tool for the majority of people instead of the myste
27、ry of the monster 过去的四十年里，计算机从神秘不可近的庞然大物成为多数人都不可或缺的工具，信息技术由实验室进入无数个普通家庭。因特网将全世界联系起来，多媒体视听设备丰富着每个人的生活。Mystery in text 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1348英古 手工艺;行会;行业the art and mystery of.的技艺和手艺(学徒满期证书上用语)president of the-ries of the workers in iron铁工工会会长Mystery in use电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1349加倍,双重重叠;对折(逃避追赶时等的)折回,往
28、回跑;迂回,绕行【化】再蒸馏;(橡胶的)重合,夹胶【船】防护加强板;【纺】并线丝;合丝工艺 =doublureDoubling in dictionary 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1350 Since the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958,the number of transistors that can be placed inexpensively on an integrated circuit has increased exponentially,doubling approximately every two
29、years.由于1958年集成电路的发明，晶体管的数量在集成电路中潜在的增长，大约每两年增加一倍。Doubling in text 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1351frequency doubling 倍频ice doubling 破冰加强板somatic doubling 体细胞(染色体)加倍successive doubling 顺次加 倍voltage doubling 倍压doubling of the track 铺设第二线,双线化Doubling in use电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1352用公式表示,明确地表达,作简洁陈述公式化,列方程式有系统而确切的陈述
30、或说明配方设计,规化Formulation in dictionary 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1353 The part of Moores original 1965 paper thats usually cited in support of this formulation is the following Figure 2-1.1965年的摩尔定律原始文件的通常被引用来说明摩尔定律，原始文件如图2-1所示。Formulation in text 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1354complex formulation 复数表示法concept formulat
31、ion 概念系统化consistent formulations 一致公式displacement formulation 位移法equilibrium formulation 平衡法Formulation in use电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1355A model or an original used as an archetype.原型A person or thing considered worthy of imitation.模范，榜样A plan,diagram,or model to be followed in making things:图案，模型、图纸或图形：
32、a dress pattern.服装式样A representative sample;a specimen.样品，标本An artistic or decorative design:（艺术或装饰的）图案式样：Successive in dictionary 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1356 继承的,连续的 Of,characterized by,or involving succession:继承的，接替的：继承的、有继承特征的或涉及继承的;Following in uninterrupted order;consecutive:接连的：以不间断的顺序接着的；连续的;Succe
33、ssive in dictionary 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1357 since materials and energy expenditures per unit area have only increased with each successive technology node.这是因为在每一连续的技术节点下，单位面积上的原材料和能源的支出增加了。Successive in text 电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1358Structure电子技术专业英语教程2022-12-1359Reading/writing techniques电子技术专业英语教程Les
34、son 3 Resistor Capacitor Inductor电子技术专业英语教程冯新宇 主编电子工业出版社电子工业出版社 Unit 2 Semiconductor device电子技术专业英语教程 Lesson 3 Resistor Capacitor Inductor Backgrounds Text tour Language in use Vocabulary Structure Reading/writing techniques电子技术专业英语教程 Terminology Resistor Capacitor Inductor Four-band resistors Induc
35、tance formulaeBackgrounds电子技术专业英语教程Terminology 电子技术专业英语教程 电阻可以被认为对电流具有一种阻碍作用，电阻越高所流过的电流越低。Resistor Resistance may be thought of as an opposition to current flow;the higher the resistance the lower the current that will flow.电子技术专业英语教程 The resistance of an electrical conductor depends on 4 factors,th
36、ese being:(a)The length of the conductor.Resistance,R,is directly proportional to length,l,of a conductor,i.e.Rl.(b)The cross-sectional area of the conductor.Resistance,R,is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area,a,of a conductor,i.e.R1/a.(c)The type of material.(d)The temperature of the mat
37、erial.Resistor电子技术专业英语教程Resistor 导体的电阻依赖以下四个因素：（a）导体长度。电阻R正比于导体长度l，即Rl（b）导体横截面积。电阻R反比于导体的横截面积a，即R1/a（c）材料类型（d）材料温度。电子技术专业英语教程 The main types of the capacitor include:variable air,mica,paper,ceramic,plastic,titanium oxide and electrolytic.电容的主要类型包括：可变间隙电容，云母电容，纸电容，陶瓷电容，塑料电容，二氧化钛电容以及电解质电容。Capacitor 电子
38、技术专业英语教程 An iron-cored inductor is often called a choke since,when used in a.c.circuits,it has a hoking effect,limiting the current flowing through it.一个有铁芯的电感器我们通常把它称之为扼流圈，这主要是因为在交流电路中它具有阻塞效应，可以限制流过它的电流。Inductor 电子技术专业英语教程Four-band resistors Four-band identification is the most commonly used color-
39、coding scheme on resistors.It consists of four colored bands that are painted around the body of the resistor.The first two bands encode the first two significant digits of the resistance value,the third is a power-of-ten multiplier or number-of-zeroes,and the fourth is the tolerance accuracy,or acc
40、eptable error,of the value.The first three bands are equally spaced along the resistor;the spacing to the fourth band is wider.Sometimes a fifth band identifies the thermal coefficient,but this must be distinguished from the true 5-color system,with 3 significant digits.电子技术专业英语教程电子技术专业英语教程 For exam
41、ple,green-blue-yellow-red is 56104 =560 k 2%.An easier description can be as followed:the first band,green,has a value of 5 and the second band,blue,has a value of 6,and is counted as 56.The third band,yellow,has a value of 104,which adds four 0s to the end,creating 560,000 at 2%tolerance accuracy.5
42、60,000 changes to 560 k 2%(as a kilo-is 103).电子技术专业英语教程Inductance formulae The table below lists some common formulae for calculating the theoretical inductance of several inductor constructions 电子技术专业英语教程ConstructionFormulaDimensionsCylindrical coilL=inductance in henries(H)0=permeability of free s
43、pace=4 10-7 H/m K=Nagaoka coefficient2 N=number of turns A=area of cross-section of the coil in square metres(m2)l=length of coil in metres(m)Straight wire conductorL=inductance(H)l=length of conductor(m)d=diameter of conductor(m)L=inductance(nH)l=length of conductor(in)d=diameter of conductor(in)电子
44、技术专业英语教程ConstructionFormulaDimensionsShort air-corecylindrical coilL=inductance(H)r=outer radius of coil(in)l=length of coil(in)N=number of turnsMultilayer air-core coilL=inductance(H)r=mean radius of coil(in)l=physical length of coil winding(in)N=number of turns d=depth of coil(outer radius minus i
45、nner radius)(in)电子技术专业英语教程ConstructionFormulaDimensionsFlat spiral air-core coilL=inductance(H)r=mean radius of coil(m)N=number of turns d=depth of coil(outer radius minus inner radius)(m)L=inductance(H)r=mean radius of coil(in)N=number of turns d=depth of coil(outer radius minus inner radius)(in)To
46、roidal core(circular cross-section)L=inductance(H)0=permeability of free space=4 10-7 H/m r=relative permeability of core material N=number of turns r=radius of coil winding(m)D=overall diameter of toroid(m)电子技术专业英语教程 Outline brief introduction(para.1)Resistor(para.2,3,4,5,6)Capacitor(para.7,8,9,10,
47、11,12,13)Inductor(para.14,15,16)Text tour电子技术专业英语教程 A means of controlling the currents and voltages present in electronic circuits.An opposition to current flow Resistor电子技术专业英语教程 A device for storing electric charge deposite and extracte chargeCapacitor电子技术专业英语教程 coil of wire An iron-cored inducto
48、r is often called a choke Inductor电子技术专业英语教程 Vocabulary component ，coil，amplifier StructureLanguage in use电子技术专业英语教程Vocabulary电子技术专业英语教程 a constituent part or aspect of something more complex.组成；成分 any electrical device.元件 forming or functioning as a part or aspect;constituent.成分的，分量的 component in d
49、ictionary 电子技术专业英语教程component in text1.This section introduces several of the most common types of electronic component,including resistors,capacitors and inductors.本节介绍几种最常用的电子元件类型，包括电阻、电容和电感。2.These are often referred to as passive components as they cannot,by themselves,generate voltage or curren
50、t.它们经常被看作是无源元件，因为它们本身不能产生电压或电流。电子技术专业英语教程 component index成份指数 reactive component无功分量 active component有功分量 component in use 电子技术专业英语教程 to wind or gather(ropes,hair,etc)into loops or(of rope,hair,etc)to be formed in such loops.将卷盘成圈或螺旋形 a single loop of such a series线圈 an arrangement of pipes in a spi
