1、条件句表示主句的条件条件句表示主句的条件,分分真实条真实条件句件句 和和虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 两种。两种。a.真实条件句真实条件句 表示条件是表示条件是真的或有可真的或有可能实现的能实现的,采用采用陈述语气陈述语气。b.虚拟条件句虚拟条件句 表示条件是表示条件是无法实现或无法实现或几乎无法实现的几乎无法实现的,采用采用虚拟语气虚拟语气。一、用法归纳一、用法归纳:虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法主从主从 句句构构 成成时态时态虚拟条件虚拟条件 从句从句(if)主主 句句 与现与现在事实在事实相反的相反的 假设假设 与过与过去事实去事实相反的相反的 假设假设If+主语主语+did(be用用 were
2、)主语主语+would/should/could/might+do If+主语主语+had done主语主语+would/should/could/might have done 主从主从 句句构构 成成虚拟条件从句虚拟条件从句(if)主主 句句 与将与将来情况来情况相反的相反的 假设假设If+主语主语+did If+主语主语+were to do If+主语主语+should do主语主语+would/should/could/might do时态时态 二二 虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用1）与现在事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：If I were you,I would
3、go there.过去时过去时would,should,could,might+动词原动词原形形注意：在虚拟语气中，只能用注意：在虚拟语气中，只能用were，不能用，不能用was.If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa 三三 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：If it were Sunday tomorrow,I should go to see a film.If he should have time next Sunday,he would go to visit the Great Wall.1)If I were to
4、be twenty next year,I could take the course.1）过去时）过去时would,should,could,might+动词原形动词原形2）should+动词原形动词原形3)were to+动词原形动词原形 四四 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反从句谓语：主句谓语：If he had come earlier,he would have seen her.had+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词would,should,could,might+have+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词If he had driven more carefully,he would no
5、t have had the car accident yesterdayHad I had time,I would have gone to see the film.=If I had had time,I would have gone to see the film.五五 在虚拟语气的条件从句中，可以省略在虚拟语气的条件从句中，可以省略if，但要，但要把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。_ today,he would get there on Friday.Was he leaving B.If he leavesA.C.Were he to leave D
6、.If he is leavingC六 有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用引导，而用but for,without,if only,otherwise等词。等词。But for your help,I couldnt have made such great progress in English.Without air,we couldnt live.3)If only the weather were fine.1)4)I had been there by taxi,otherwise I would have missed the train.以以but
7、 for,without开头的句子，谓语动词的形式开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和和if的主句的一致。的主句的一致。主、从句的谓语动词的形式都和主、从句的谓语动词的形式都和if从句相一致。从句相一致。以以If only开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if从句的从句的一致。一致。七七 有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致，出现混合虚拟语气结构。出现混合虚拟语气结构。If he had followed the doctors advice,he would be well.If I were you I would not have gone
8、 to see the film yesterday.在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。She talked about America as if he had been born there.He sings as though he were a singer.八、由八、由as if或或as though引导的状语从句，其谓语引导的状语从句，其谓语动词用动词用过去式过去式或或had
9、+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词。1)He appears as though he _ an Italian.A.were B.was C.has been D.be2)It seems as if he _ there yesterday.A.was B.were C.has been D.had beenAD九、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用九、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用(1）*wish+宾语从句 I wish I were a doctor.I wish I should go abroad next year.1)3)I wish I had seen the football match
10、.与与现在现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时过去时。与与将来将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用should,would,could,might+动词原形动词原形。与与过去过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完过去完成时成时。(2)*suggest等+宾语从句。这类动词有：order,insist,demand,desire,command,propose,request等。The teacher suggested that our sports meeting(should)be put off
11、 till next week.The headmaster ordered that all of the students(should)be here on time.1)He insisted that we(should)attend the meeting.在宾语从句中，谓语动词用在宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形动词原形，should可省略。可省略。在在 command,order,require,demand,request,insist,propose,suggest等动词等动词后面的宾语从句，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用后面的宾语从句，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用(
12、should)+动词原形动词原形We suggest that we(should)have a meeting.We insisted that they(should)go with us.注意注意：insist,suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语气的情况。语气的情况。she insisted that she was right.2)The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.当当insist的意思是的意思是坚持某人自己的观点坚持某人自己的观点时，后接的时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。宾语从句不能用虚拟
13、语气。当当suggest的意思是的意思是暗示、表明暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从时，后接的宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。句不能用虚拟语气。My suggestion is that you(should)visit the farm.His idea is that the students(should)make a plan.(3）*句中有句中有suggestion,plan,idea,order,requirement,motion,recommendation,proposal等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词用中的谓语动词用(should)+动词原
14、形动词原形。虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句中虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句中。名词名词advice,order,demand,proposal,command,requirement,insistence,suggestion,request等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词的构成是其谓语动词的构成是(should)+动词原形动词原形We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should)go to Beijing for our summer vocation.(4）*记住下面几个句型：记住下面几个
15、句型：natural/important/necessary/impossible surprising/strange/funny/essentialIt is +that requested/suggested/desired/proposed a pity/a matter of regret/a shame/no wonder从句的谓语动词用从句的谓语动词用(should)+动词原形动词原形在在主语从句主语从句中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊中，谓语动词可以用虚拟语气表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此等主观的情感,其谓其谓语动词用语动词用(shoul
16、d)+动词原形。动词原形。1.It is important that we(should)clean the room every day.(necessary,natural,strange,etc.)2.It is a pity that you(should)be so careless.(a shame,no wonder,etc.)3.It is suggested that Miss Liu(should)give a performance at the party.(decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc)2.Its time that
17、we had(或should have)a class.在在Its about/high time that句型中，从句的谓语句型中，从句的谓语动词用动词用过去时或过去时或should do sth.3.I would rather you finished the work today.I would rather you finished the work tomorrow.Id rather you had finished the work yesterday.在在would rather句型中，与句型中，与过去过去事实相反，从句事实相反，从句的谓语动词用的谓语动词用过去完成时过去完成
18、时；与；与现在、将来现在、将来事实相事实相反，从句的谓语动词用反，从句的谓语动词用过去时过去时。1.错综时间条件句错综时间条件句 If you had listened to me,you wouldnt be in such trouble now.If the doctor had come in time,Amy would still be alive.If he had received six more votes,he would be our chairman now.十十 几种特殊情况几种特殊情况十一十一 If 可能被省略可能被省略,从句要倒装从句要倒装 Were she i
19、n charge(=If she were in charge),she would do things differently.Had I known your address(=If I had known your address),I would have written before.Should you change your mind(=If you should change your mind),no one would blame you.十二十二 不含条件从句不含条件从句,但有条件假设意义但有条件假设意义 Without your help,I couldnt have
20、achieved all this.(If it hadnt been for your help)2.But for his pension,he would starve.(If it were not for his pension)十三十三 If only 意为：若是意为：若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊;真希望真希望.;只要只要,只要只要.就好就好If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice十四十四 由由so
21、 that,in order that 引导的目的状语引导的目的状语从句中用虚拟语气从句中用虚拟语气,其谓语形式为其谓语形式为may(might),can(could)+动词原形动词原形.Speak louder so that I can hear you.He got up much earlier this morning in order that he might catch the first bus to the city.I went to the cinema early so that I could find a good seat.I wish people would
22、 find out about the facts and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.If I were you,I would give an AIDS patient a hug.成都七中成都七中2012级级直播班语法课件直播班语法课件条件句可分为两类，一类为条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句真实条件句，一类为，一类为非真实非真实条件句条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。一、虚拟语气
23、在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气常见用法虚拟语气常见用法The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.Fact!The weatherman forecasted no rain for tomorrow;but if it should rain tomorrow,they wouldnt go for an outing.二二 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.非真实非真实条件从句条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与谓语动词发生的时间与主句主句的谓语动词的谓语动词不一致，叫做不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气错综条件虚拟语气,
24、也称为也称为混合虚拟混合虚拟。主。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。如果你开车如果你开车时时不是太快，不是太快，现在现在你就不会在医院了。你就不会在医院了。If you hadnt driven too fast,you wouldnt be in hospital now.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有条件从句中有should，were，had三个三个助动词助动词可可 以把以把if省略，并将这三个词提至句首。省略，并将这三个词提至句首。If I were you,I would give it up.Were I you,
25、I would give it up.If you hadnt broken the rule,you wouldnt be in troubles now.Had you not broken the rule,you wouldnt be in trouble now.If it should rain tomorrow,what should we do?Should it rain tomorrow,what should we do?3.虚拟语气的特殊句型虚拟语气的特殊句型：现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：did（were）had donewould/could/might+v.
26、should I wish I were a bird now.（现在）（现在）I wish I hadnt made such a mistake yesterday.（过去）（过去）We wish our parents wouldnt punish us later.（将来）（将来）wishwish的宾语从句的宾语从句 as if/though+Clause (表语，状语表语，状语)现在：现在：过去：过去：将来：将来：didhad donewould/could/might+v.4.without和和but for 构成虚拟条件构成虚拟条件,“要不是要不是”Without sunligh
27、t,peoples life would be different from today.But for you advice,I wouldnt have finished the work on time.=If I hadnt accepted your advice,=If there were no sunlight,使用使用(should)do 句型句型1)一个一个“坚持坚持”：insist;两个两个“命令命令”：order,command;三个三个“建议建议”：suggest,recommend,propose;四个四个“要求要求”：request,require,demand,desire
