1、Words and expressionsPeople write poems totell a storyexpress feelingsrecall an enjoyable or unpleasant incidentcreate certain feelings or images in readersshare a feeling or experience describe something in detail or give an impressionWhy?A Russian Poem俄国童谣Since childhood,Anton had often recited po
2、ems,accompanied by pianists and violinists,at wedding ceremonies before brides and bridegrooms exchangeexchanged rings.Gradually,he d rings.Gradually,he found writing poems the most found writing poems the most appropriate appropriate way way to to convey his joy and sorrow.When his poem Contradicto
3、ry Blank won him a national championship and a scholarship to the Moscow University from a sponsorsponsor,he was just an,he was just an unknown unknown librarian.After getting his diploma,he devoted his life to writing poems.Using concreteconcrete but but flexibleflexible language and the language a
4、nd the minimum of words is his style，he tried(try)out different patterns and preferred nursery rhyme in particularin particular.The following is a.The following is a translation of one of his works made up of made up of 3 3 sections:Little sparrow with heavy load,Ran Ran out ofout of energy and very
5、 cold;No energy and very cold;No compass and all sweat salty,Can you go through the endless darkness?Little balloon let outlet out by the thread,Flew by the thread,Flew over over cottages and was very glad;With warmth transform transformed from sunlight,He ed from sunlight,He said he could said he c
6、ould forever fly;Take it easyTake it easy,little balloon;Dont little balloon;Dont tease the sparrow with his wound;On the bare branch and have a rest;This diamond heart will eventually eventually get success.get success.从童年时起，安东就常常在钢琴师或小提琴从童年时起，安东就常常在钢琴师或小提琴师的伴奏下在婚礼上朗诵诗歌，为新郎新娘师的伴奏下在婚礼上朗诵诗歌，为新郎新娘交换戒指
7、前的仪式助兴。渐渐地，他发现写交换戒指前的仪式助兴。渐渐地，他发现写诗是表达他的欢乐和悲伤的最合适方式。在诗是表达他的欢乐和悲伤的最合适方式。在他还是个寂寞无闻的图书管理员时，他的诗他还是个寂寞无闻的图书管理员时，他的诗矛盾的空白就获得了全国诗歌创作冠军，矛盾的空白就获得了全国诗歌创作冠军，并为他赢得一位赞助人提供的并为他赢得一位赞助人提供的奖学金奖学金，到莫，到莫斯科大学深造。获得文凭后，他将一生都投斯科大学深造。获得文凭后，他将一生都投入到诗歌创作中。使用具体而灵活的语言和入到诗歌创作中。使用具体而灵活的语言和最少的词语数量是他的风格，他还喜欢尝试最少的词语数量是他的风格，他还喜欢尝试不同
8、的诗歌形式，特别是童谣。下面由三部不同的诗歌形式，特别是童谣。下面由三部分组成的译文就是他的作品中的一首：分组成的译文就是他的作品中的一首：小麻雀，负重担，小麻雀，负重担，小气球，脱绳系小气球，脱绳系，别紧张，小气球别紧张，小气球筋疲力尽挡风寒，筋疲力尽挡风寒，飞越农舍真高兴，飞越农舍真高兴，别笑麻雀伤口留，别笑麻雀伤口留，汗水成盐无指引，汗水成盐无指引，阳光给予它温暖，阳光给予它温暖，光光的树梢歇片刻，光光的树梢歇片刻，能否穿越无边暗能否穿越无边暗?永远高飞不费力永远高飞不费力;恒恒(钻石钻石)心终把成功求。心终把成功求。1.1.诗（总称）；诗意诗（总称）；诗意2.2.给给-标记号标记号3.
9、3.韵；押韵；押韵的词；（使）押韵韵；押韵；押韵的词；（使）押韵4.4.传达；运送传达；运送5.5.情感；情绪；感情情感；情绪；感情6.6.托儿所托儿所7.7.童谣童谣8.8.具体的具体的9.9.重复；反复；循环重复；反复；循环10.10.引起矛盾的；好反驳的引起矛盾的；好反驳的poetrypoetryticktickrhymerhymeconveyconveyemotionemotionnurserynurserynursery rhymenursery rhymeconcconcretereterepetirepetititiononcontradictorycontradictorypo
10、etpoetpoepoem m11.11.（使某人）安静下来（使某人）安静下来12.12.钻石；菱形钻石；菱形13.13.黄铜；黄铜器黄铜；黄铜器14.14.公山羊公山羊15.15.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的16.16.模式；式样；图样模式；式样；图样17.17.乡绅乡绅18.18.村舍；小屋村舍；小屋19.19.棺材棺材20.20.麻雀麻雀hushhushdiamonddiamondbrassbrassbilly-goatbilly-goatflexibleflexiblepatternpatternsquiresquirecottagecottagecoffincof
11、finsparrowsparrow21.21.小猫小猫22.22.轻松；不紧张；从容轻松；不紧张；从容23.23.用完用完24.24.五行诗五行诗25.25.由由-构成构成26.26.取笑；招惹；戏弄取笑；招惹；戏弄27.27.含盐的；咸的含盐的；咸的28.28.低垂；凋萎；萎靡低垂；凋萎；萎靡29.29.害怕；畏惧害怕；畏惧30.30.无穷的；无止境的无穷的；无止境的kittenkittentake it easytake it easyrun out ofrun out ofcinquaincinquainbe made up ofbe made up ofteaseteasesaltys
12、altydroopdroopdreaddreadendlessendless31.31.俳句（日本的一种短诗）俳句（日本的一种短诗）32.32.音节音节33.33.最低限度；最少量；最小数最低限度；最少量；最小数34.34.翻译；译文翻译；译文35.35.枝条；支流；部门枝条；支流；部门36.36.融化；溶化；软化融化；溶化；软化37.37.盈满的；满到边际的盈满的；满到边际的38.38.尤其；特别尤其；特别39.39.最后；终于最后；终于40.40.等候；期待等候；期待haikuhaikusyllablesyllableminimumminimumtranslationtranslation
13、branchbranchmelt-melted-melted/moltenmelt-melted-melted/moltenbrimfulbrimfulin particularin particulareventuallyeventuallyawaitawait41.41.转换；转化；改造；变换转换；转化；改造；变换42.42.（使）旋转（使）旋转43.43.说；讲；发出（声音）说；讲；发出（声音）44.44.悲伤；悲痛；懊悔悲伤；悲痛；懊悔45.45.赤裸的；光秃的；稀少的；最基本的要素赤裸的；光秃的；稀少的；最基本的要素46.46.图书馆馆长；图书馆管理员图书馆馆长；图书馆管理员47.4
14、7.永远永远48.48.茎；干茎；干49.49.水泥水泥50.50.部分；节；切下的块部分；节；切下的块transformtransformrevolverevolveutteruttersorrowsorrowbarebarelibrarianlibrarianforeverforeverstemstemcementcementsectionsection51.51.适当的；正当的适当的；正当的52.52.交换；交流；互换；调换；交换交换；交流；互换；调换；交换53.53.毕业文凭；学位证书毕业文凭；学位证书54.54.赞助人赞助人,主办者主办者,倡议者倡议者,发起发起,举办举办,倡议倡议5
15、5.55.空白；空白的；茫然的空白；空白的；茫然的56.56.指南针；罗盘；（复数）圆规指南针；罗盘；（复数）圆规57.57.新娘新娘58.58.新郎新郎59.59.冠军称号冠军称号60.60.有节奏的；有规律的有节奏的；有规律的appropriateappropriateexchangeexchangediplomadiplomasponsorsponsorblankblankcompasscompassbridebridebridegroombridegroomchampionshipchampionshiprhythmicrhythmic61.61.黑暗；漆黑黑暗；漆黑62.62.暖和；
16、温暖暖和；温暖63.63.测验；试验测验；试验64.64.奖学金；学问；学术成就奖学金；学问；学术成就65.65.钢琴家；钢琴演奏者钢琴家；钢琴演奏者66.66.小提琴演奏者小提琴演奏者67.67.发出；放出发出；放出68.68.负担；负荷物（尤指沉重的）负担；负荷物（尤指沉重的）darknessdarknesswarmthwarmthtry outtry outscholarship scholarship pianistpianistviolinistviolinistlet outlet outloadloadBook Book 第二单元词汇讲解第二单元词汇讲解1.1.conveycon
17、vey v.v.表达，传递表达，传递(思想、感等思想、感等)(=)(=communicatecommunicate)红色之类的颜色可以给人以充满活力与力量的感觉。红色之类的颜色可以给人以充满活力与力量的感觉。请向你的妻子转达我的歉意。请向你的妻子转达我的歉意。传送；输送（传送；输送（take,carry or transport sth to take,carry or transport sth to）管道把热水从锅炉输送到暖气片。管道把热水从锅炉输送到暖气片。Colours like red convey a sense of energy and Colours like red con
18、vey a sense of energy and strength.strength.Please convey my apologies to your wife.Please convey my apologies to your wife.Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators.radiators.2.2.concreteconcrete adj.adj.具体的（非想象或猜测的）具体的（非想象或猜测的）混凝土制的混凝土制的
19、混混凝土凝土 n.n.具体的建议具体的建议 确凿的证据确凿的证据 混凝土建筑物混凝土建筑物3.3.flexibleflexible adj.adj.灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的 更灵活的设计更灵活的设计 弹性工作时间弹性工作时间4.4.take it easytake it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容轻松；不紧张；从容 沉住气！不要惊慌。沉住气！不要惊慌。concrete proposalsconcrete proposalsconcrete evidenceconcrete evidencea concrete buildinga concrete buildinga
20、more flexible designa more flexible designflexible working hoursflexible working hoursTake it easy!Dont Take it easy!Dont panic.panic.可编辑医生叫我休息几周。医生叫我休息几周。5.(5.(指人指人)用完用完/耗尽耗尽(供应品供应品)(指供应品指供应品)用完用完/耗尽耗尽汽油快用光了。汽油快用光了。Our petrol is running out.Our petrol is running out.We are running out of petrol.We
21、are running out of petrol.我们剩下的时间不多了。我们剩下的时间不多了。Out time is running out.Out time is running out.We are running out of time.We are running out of time.run out ofrun out of run out run out The doctor told me to take it easy for a few The doctor told me to take it easy for a few weeks.weeks.6.6.由由-构成构成
22、be made up of-=consist of-be made up of-=consist of-委员会由委员会由1010名成员组成。名成员组成。The committee is made up of ten members.The committee is made up of ten members.The committee consists of ten members.The committee consists of ten members.拓展：拓展：make upmake up1)She spent an hour 1)She spent an hour making(h
23、erself)upmaking(herself)up before before the party.the party.2)She puts a lot of 2)She puts a lot of make-upmake-up on her face.on her face.3)I couldnt remember a story to tell the 3)I couldnt remember a story to tell the children,so I children,so I mademade one one upup as I went along.as I went al
24、ong.4)We have ten players,so we need one more to 4)We have ten players,so we need one more to make upmake up a team.a team.5)Hard work can 5)Hard work can make up formake up for a lack of a lack of intelligence.intelligence.化妆化妆 化妆品化妆品编造编造 补足或补齐补足或补齐 弥补弥补 7.7.endless endless (adj.)(adj.)He is very b
25、usy.It seems that he has endless He is very busy.It seems that he has endless work to do everyday.work to do everyday.The hours of waiting seemed endless.The hours of waiting seemed endless.He has endless patience with his son.He has endless patience with his son.8.8.translationtranslation(n.)(n.)译文
26、中有几个错误。译文中有几个错误。请把课文做一个粗略的翻译。请把课文做一个粗略的翻译。无穷的无穷的，无止境的，无止境的endlessly adv.endlessly adv.翻译；译文翻译；译文 There are several errors in translation.There are several errors in translation.Please give a rough translation to the text.Please give a rough translation to the text.in translationin translation 翻译成另一种
27、语言的；非原来语言的翻译成另一种语言的；非原来语言的He is reading the novel in translation.He is reading the novel in translation.translate(v.)translator(n.)translate(v.)translator(n.)(尤指专职尤指专职)译者；译者；翻译家翻译家translateintotranslateinto请把下面的句子翻译成英语。请把下面的句子翻译成英语。大多数诗翻译的不好。大多数诗翻译的不好。Its time to translate our ideas into action.Its
28、time to translate our ideas into action.Please translate the following sentences Please translate the following sentences into English.into English.Most poetry doesnt translate well.Most poetry doesnt translate well.我们该把思想变为行动了。我们该把思想变为行动了。translate“translate“把思想情感把思想情感用另一种形式表现出来用另一种形式表现出来”9.9.枝条，支流
29、，部门枝条，支流，部门 n.n.分公司，子公司分公司，子公司1 1）猴子在树枝间跳来跳去。）猴子在树枝间跳来跳去。2 2）这条河有许多支流。）这条河有许多支流。3)3)这家银行在全国都有分行。这家银行在全国都有分行。branch branch The monkey was leaping from branch to branch.The monkey was leaping from branch to branch.The river has a lot of branches.The river has a lot of branches.The bank has branches al
30、l over the country.The bank has branches all over the country.a branch companya branch company1010.特别的，特殊的；挑剔的，讲究的特别的，特殊的；挑剔的，讲究的 尤其，特别尤其，特别 对对.挑剔，讲究挑剔，讲究 1 1）你应该特别注意你的拼写。）你应该特别注意你的拼写。2 2）她对衣着十分讲究。）她对衣着十分讲究。particularparticularin particularin particular；particularlyparticularlybe particular be parti
31、cular aboutaboutYou should pay particular attention to You should pay particular attention to your spelling.your spelling.She is very particular about her She is very particular about her clothes.clothes.11.11.eventuallyeventually adv adv 最后最后 ；终于；终于eventual eventual adj adj 最终发生的；最终发生的；结果结果的的He wor
32、ked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.After many attempts she eventually managed to get After many attempts she eventually managed to get promotion.promotion.同义词：同义词：at lastat lastIn the endIn the endfinallyfinally他工作太努力了，最后竟病倒了。他工作太努力了
33、，最后竟病倒了。他经过多次努力，终于得到了提升。他经过多次努力，终于得到了提升。12.12.transformtransform vi.Vt.vi.Vt.转化；转换；改造；变换转化；转换；改造；变换Success and wealth transformed his character.Success and wealth transformed his character.Email has transformed the way people Email has transformed the way people municate.They ve They ve transformtra
34、nsformed the old train station ed the old train station intointo a a science museum.science museum.词组词组 ：transformation from sth to sth transform from sth to sth从从.转为转为.把把改造成改造成.成功和财富改变了他的性格成功和财富改变了他的性格电子邮件改变了人们交流的方式。电子邮件改变了人们交流的方式。他们把老火车站改造成了一座科学博物馆。他们把老火车站改造成了一座科学博物馆。transformationtransformation n
35、.n.彻底改观彻底改观 变化过程变化过程After three weeks we noticed a total transformationin his behaviour.三周后我们发现他的行为举止三周后我们发现他的行为举止全变了全变了13.appropriate 13.appropriate pruprit adj.adj.合适的，适合适的，适当的，相称的当的，相称的(for/to sth)(for/to sth)a speech a speech appropriate toappropriate to the occasion the occasion 适宜该适宜该场合的演讲场合的演
36、讲 an appropriate response/measure/method an appropriate response/measure/method 恰恰如其分的反应如其分的反应/适当的措施适当的措施/方法方法 Now that the problem has been identified,Now that the problem has been identified,appropriateappropriate action can be taken.action can be taken.Jeans Jeans are not appropriate forare not a
37、ppropriate for a formal party.a formal party.The book was written in a style The book was written in a style appropriate toappropriate to the age of the children.the age of the children.14.14.exchange exchange iksteind v.v.交换，调换；交换，调换；互换互换(问候问候)exchange+n+(with sb)exchange+n+(with sb)They exchanged
38、stamps.They exchanged stamps.We only exchanged a few words because we were We only exchanged a few words because we were in a hurry.in a hurry.I often exchange information with him.I often exchange information with him.exchange sth for sth exchange sth for sth 以以.交换交换Ive just bought this tie,but can
39、 I Ive just bought this tie,but can I exchange it for that one.exchange it for that one.兑换兑换 exchange+n.+for exchange+n.+forCan I exchange pounds for dollars here?Can I exchange pounds for dollars here?in exchange for in exchange for 交换交换give English lessons in exchange for Russian give English less
40、ons in exchange for Russian lessons lessons 用教英语来交换俄语用教英语来交换俄语15.15.赞助人，主办者，倡议者赞助人，主办者，倡议者,保人保人发起，举办，发起，举办，倡议倡议The race organizers are trying to attract The race organizers are trying to attract sponsors.sponsors.He will be forced to retire from athletics unless He will be forced to retire from athl
41、etics unless he can find a sponsor.he can find a sponsor.The US is sponsoring a campaign about how to The US is sponsoring a campaign about how to protect the Earth.protect the Earth.16.16.测验，试验，试用测验，试验，试用尽力做尽力做 试着做试着做 试穿试穿sponsorsponsor try out try outtry to dotry to dotry ontry onThey are trying o
42、ut a new presenter for the show.They are trying out a new presenter for the show.17.17.发出发出(叫声等叫声等)；放走，释放；泄露，透漏；放走，释放；泄露，透漏 那个病人发出痛苦的叫声。那个病人发出痛苦的叫声。她静悄悄地从屋里溜出来。她静悄悄地从屋里溜出来。谁透漏了这个消息？谁透漏了这个消息？放下放下;使失望使失望;给轮胎放气给轮胎放气 更不用说，更别提更不用说，更别提 放开，松手放开，松手 算了，放手算了，放手let outlet outThe patient let out a cry of pain.T
43、he patient let out a cry of pain.She let herself out of the house very quietly.She let herself out of the house very quietly.Who let the news out?Who let the news out?let downlet downlet alonelet alonelet golet golet it golet it go18.n.18.n.负担，负荷物，工作量负担，负荷物，工作量 v.v.装货；输入，载入，存储装货；输入，载入，存储He climbed t
44、he hill with a heavy He climbed the hill with a heavy loadload on his on his shoulders.shoulders.Her recovery took a Her recovery took a loadload off my mind.off my mind.They They loadedloaded the ship very quickly.the ship very quickly.The truck The truck was was loadedloaded with with bananas.bana
45、nas.loadload他背着重物爬山。他背着重物爬山。她恢复健康，使我卸下心中负担。她恢复健康，使我卸下心中负担。他们迅速地把货物装上船。他们迅速地把货物装上船。那辆卡车装着香蕉那辆卡车装着香蕉【短语】【短语】carry a heavy loadcarry a heavy load bear the loadbear the load take a load off ones mindtake a load off ones mind load sth with sthload sth with sth loads of friends/letters loads of friends/letters a load of rubbish/garbage/nonsensea load of rubbish/garbage/nonsense be loadebe loaded d with with 装有装有，载有，载有携带重物携带重物承担重任承担重任如释重负如释重负(把大量把大量-)-)装入装入-许多许多-一派胡言一派胡言可编辑
