1、Chapter 14 Translation of Culture-loaded ExpressionsTeaching aims(教学目的教学目的)1.To cultivate students competence in novel translation.2.To help students select the appropriate strategy in translation.Teaching requirements(教学要求教学要求)1.Students can apply the translation methods about idioms.2.Students can
2、 express correctly in Chinese and English.Teaching methods(教学方法教学方法)1.Students and teacher cooperatively accomplish the translation task.2.Peer work,group work is required in discussion and practice.C o n t e n t sForeignizing Translation (异化)Domesticating Translation (归化)Three Donts in Translating
3、English Idioms （习语翻译中的“三不要”）4.Proper Use of Chinese Idioms,proverbs and sayings in Translation（翻译中正确使用汉语习语）5.Translation Practice.1.Foreignizing Translation(异化法)Foreigninzing:retaining the cultural flavors of the source language and enables the reader to have an alien reading experience,and developi
4、ng the readers awareness of cultural differences in the target language.armed to the teeth 武装到牙齿/全副武装 Crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪/猫哭老鼠 Beauty lies in the lovers eyes 情人眼里出美人/西施 In the country of the blind,the one-eyed man is King.肓人国里，独眼人称王/蜀中无大将，廖化充先锋/山中无老虎，猴子称霸王Achilless heel （来自希腊神话）阿基利斯致命的脚后跟；致命的弱点As
5、gay(cheerful)as a lark 像云雀一样快活（兴高采烈）Sour grape 酸葡萄（来自伊索寓言）把得不到的东西说成是不好的，聊以自慰 例如：teach a pig to play on a flute 教猪吹笛(对牛弹琴/做荒唐或不可能的事)A dark horse 黑马 a black sheep 害群之马 can the leopard change his spots?花豹岂能改变身上的花斑（本性难移）Look for a needle in a haystack 干草堆里找针（大海捞针）A stick-and-carrot policy 大棒加胡萝卜政策 John
6、is her office Romeo 约翰是他办公室里的罗密欧式的痴情男子。Never offer to teach fish to swim.（谚语）不要教鱼儿游泳（不要班门弄斧）Who keeps company with the wolf will learn to howl.（染于苍则苍，染于黄则黄）（近朱者赤，近墨者黑）2.Domesticating translation Domesticating translation minimizes the foreigness of the source-language text by changing the alien elem
7、ents into what is familiar to the target-language reader.It seems has been dominant in China.E.g.As stupid as a goose 蠢得像猪 put the cart before the horse 前后颠倒，本末倒置 kick the bucket 翘辫子，死 have something at ones fingers ends胸有成竹，对某事了如指掌Kill the goose that lays the golden eggs毁掉摇钱树，杀鸡取卵Neither fish nor f
8、owl 不伦不类，非驴非马 talk horse吹牛，说大话As dumb as an oyster守口如瓶，沉默不语as timid as a rabbit胆小如鼠leave no stone unturned.想方设法，千方百计中外文学作品中文化信息的翻译.红楼梦.简爱红楼梦The Story of the Stone Dream of the Red Mansion 译句赏析：1.盛宴必散（红楼梦第13回）Yangs version:Even the grandest feast must have an end.Hawkes version:Even the best party mu
9、st have an end.2.周瑞家的听了笑道：“阿弥陀佛，真坑死人的事儿！等十年未必都这样巧的呢。（第七回）”Yangs version:“Gracious Buddha!”Mrs.Chou chuckled.“How terribly chancy!“You might wait for ten years without such a run of luck.”Hawkes version:“God bless my soul!”Zhou Ruis wife exclaimed.“You would certainly need some patience!”“why,you mig
10、ht wait ten years before getting all those things at the proper times!”3.那薛老大也是“吃着碗里看着锅里的。（第16回）Yangs version:Hxed Pan is another of those greedy-guts who keep“One eye on the bowl and the other on the pan”.Hawkes version:You know what cousin Xue is like:always“one eye on the dish and the other on th
11、e saucepan”.4.寻春问腊到蓬莱（第50回）Yangs version:He goes to the Fairy Isles in search of spring,asking a boon.（仙人岛）Hawkes version:In quest of spring I sped to Elysium（极乐世界，至福之境）4.Three Donts in Translating English Idioms（习语翻译中的“三不要”）(1)Dont take idioms too literally(不要望文生义(2)不要混淆习语的不同含义(3)不要把英语习语译成具有鲜明文化特色或
12、浓厚地方色彩的汉语习语。5.四字词、成语、谚语等翻译运用 Jane Eyre Two Chinese versions by 黄源深 宋兆霖 Idiom:习语 成语：set phrase,idiom,allusions,phrase 俗语：sayings;谚语：proverb 俚语：slang 1特殊句子表现译本的不同特殊句子表现译本的不同(1)Bluntly disregarded her wishes,not infrequently tore and spoiled her silk attire;and he was still:“her own darling.”黄译：尽管他蛮横地与
13、母亲作对，经常撕毁她的丝绸衣服，却依然是“她的宝贝蛋”宋译：对她的话全然不听，不止一次撕破和弄坏她的绸衣服，可他仍然是她的“心肝宝贝”。(2)Mrs.Reed soon rallied her spirits;she shook me most soundly,she boxed both my ears,and then left me without a word.(P23)黄译：里德太太很快便振作起来，狠命推搡我，扇我耳光，随后二话没说扔下我就走。宋译：里德太太很快就回过神来，她抓住我死命摇晃着，左右开弓狠打我的耳光，然后一句话没说就走了。(3)Miss Eyre?Dont troubl
14、e yourself to answer-I see you laugh rarely;but you can laugh very merrily;黄译：爱小姐？你不必费心来回答了-到知道你难得一笑。可是你可以笑得很欢。宋译：爱小姐？你不必费神来回答了-我看得出你很少笑。但是你能笑得很开心。(4)Mrs.Reed was blind and deaf on the subject:she never saw him strike or heard him abuse me.黄译：里德夫人则装聋作哑,儿子打我骂我，她熟视无睹。宋译：里德太太对此则完全装聋作哑,她从来看不见他打我，也从来听不见他
15、骂我。习语(1)Her beauty,her pink cheeks,and golden curls,seemed to give delight to all who looked at her,and to purchase indemnity for every fault.P9 黄译：她的美貌，红润的面颊，色的头发，使得她人见人爱，一俊便可遮百丑.宋译：她的美貌，她红红的双颊和金色的卷发，似乎让每个见了她的人都有喜欢，都能因此原谅她的每一个缺点。(2)This state of things should have been to me a paradise of peace,acc
16、ustomed as I was to a life of ceaseless reprimand and thankless fagging;黄译：对我来说，过惯了那种成天挨骂，吃力不讨好的日子后，这光景就好比是平静的乐园 宋译：我一向过惯了老是挨骂和费力不讨好的日子，眼前的这种情况，对我来说，本该是个宁静的天堂了。(3)Miss Smith sent me to sit in a quiet corner of the schoolroom,with direction to hem the same.At that hour most of the others were sewing
17、likewise.黄译：让我坐在教室僻静的角落，根据指令依样画葫芦缝上滚边。宋译；要我坐在教室安静的角落去给布沿边时。(4)I alleged:“that I have awakened out of glorious dreams,and found them all void and vain,is a horror I could bear and master.”黄译：我断言，“我从一场美梦中醒来，发现全是竹篮打水一场空，这种恐惧我既能忍受，也能克服。”宋译：我辨解到，“从那些最美好的迷梦中醒来，发现一切都是虚空和徒劳。(5)“She is a Fairfax,or wed to on
18、e;and blood is said to be thicker than water.”黄译：“她是费尔法克斯家的，或是嫁给了家族中的一位，据说血浓于水。”宋译：“她毕竟是费尔法克斯家的人，至少是嫁过一个这家的人。据说自家人总比外人亲嘛。”(6)“Meantime,you forget essential points in pursuing trifles;you do not inquire why Mr.Briggs sought after you-what he wanted with you.”黄译：“同时，你捡了芝麻忘了西瓜，没有问问布里格斯先生为什么在找到你-他找你干什么。
19、”宋译：“而且，你只顾追问这种小事，却把最要紧的事给忘了。你也不问一问布里格斯先生为什么要找你-他找你要干什么？”Summary for culture translation 中国人对外国作品的英译特点 1.大量使用汉语中现有的四字词，成语，谚语，俗语等。.对含有文化信息的原语材料，要么用中国文化，要么用英国习惯表达。.主要决定于译者的文字水平，文化素养。习语：文化的载体，习语又是语言的精华。习语一词的含义甚广，一般指那些常用在一起，具有特定形式的词组，其蕴含的意义往往不能从词组中单个词的意思推测而得。习语通常包括成语、俗语、格言、歇后语、谚语、俚语、行话等。其表现形式音节优美，音律协调，或
20、含蓄幽默，或严肃典雅，言简意赅，形象生动，妙趣横生，给人一种美的享受。Homework论语与孟子、大学、中庸全称为儒家四书，其西译史已逾三百年。其中,中庸提出以“中庸”作为道德行为的最高标准。中庸之道是儒家思想的核心内容之一，也是中国传统文化的重要组成部分。孔子所谓的“中”不是指折中，而是指在认识和处理客观事物时的一种“适度”和“恰如其分”的方法。孔子主张不仅要把这种思想作为一种认识和处理事物的方法来看待，而且还应该通过自身修养和锻炼，把它融入自己的日常行为当中，使之成为一种美德。从它形成到现在，中庸思想一直对民族精神的构建、民族智慧的传播、民族文化的发展发挥着不可估量的作用。(261字）An
21、swer：The Analects,Mencius,the Great Learning,Doctrine of the Mean are called Four Books.Their westward translation history can be backed to 300 years ago.Among them,Doctrine of the Mean put mean on the top of the criteria of moral manner.The Doctrine of the Mean is one of the cores of Confucianism a
22、n important component of traditional Chinese culture.The so-called“mean”by Confucius doesnt mean compromise but a“moderate”and“just right”way when understanding and handling objective things.Confucius advocated that this thought should not only be treated as a way to understand and deal with things
23、but also be integrated into ones daily conduct to make it a virtue through self-cultivation and training.From the time it came into being to the present,the Doctrine of the Mean has played an invaluable role in the construction of national spirit,the transmission of national wisdom,and the development of national culture.
