1、目录一、单词01.现在分词作伴随状语；02.It seems/looks as if；三、语法 that、which、who、whom、whose引导的限制性定语从句;二、句型一本单元单词1.disaster/dz:st(r)/n.灾难；灾害灾难；灾害 natural disasters 自然灾害（P47）an air disaster 空难It was the second in less than two months.这是不到两个月内的第二次空难了。Thousands of people died in the disaster.数千人在这场灾难中丧生。disaster2.slide/s
2、lad/vi.&vt.(slid,slid)(使使）滑行；滑动）滑行；滑动We slid on the ice.我们在冰上滑行。The door slid open.门慢慢开了。She slid the door open 她滑开了门。slide into（使）滑入;溜进The thief _the room.小偷悄悄溜进房间。slides into3.flood/fld/n.洪水；大量洪水；大量The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.大雨使全国许多地方泛滥成灾。a flood of 大量的He receive
3、d a flood of thank-you letters.他收到大量感谢信件。vi.淹没；大量涌入 Water _through the back door.水从后门涌进来。vt使灌满水；淹没 The heavy rain flooded the village.大雨淹没了这个村庄。floods4.rescue/reskju:/n.&vt.营救；救援营救；救援Ten fishermen were saved in a sea rescue.在一次海上营救行动中，十名渔民获救。rescue sb./sth.from 从中营救某人/某物Firefighters_-a burning build
4、ing 消防队员从着火的大楼里救出了一个孩子。【拓展】rescuer/reskju:(r)/n.救援者；救助者Many people burst into tears when _carried a girl out of the ruins.当一名救援者从废墟里抱出一个女孩时,在场的许多人不禁潸然泪下。have rescued a baby from a rescuer 5.damage n.&vt.损失；损害损失；损害Which buildings were damaged in Seoul?(教材P48)首尔哪些建筑物受损？体会damage的用法和意义Damage caused by t
5、he earthquake disaster cant be ignored.地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。Eating too much meat one time will cause/do damage to your stomach.一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。As we all know，smoking can our health.众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。damage 自主发现cause/do damage _对造成损害；损害_ 损害某人的健康巩固内化补全句子Your father is angry because you have _ the flower beds.
6、(damage n.)你把花坛损坏了，你父亲对此非常生气。He had an accident and _.(damage vt.)他遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。todamage ones health caused/done damage todamaged the bike6.destroy/dstr/vt.摧毁摧毁；毁灭；毁灭 Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.城里几乎所有的东西都被毁了。（P49）Theyve all the evidence.他们销毁了一切证据。Heat gradually destroys vitamin C.
7、加热会逐渐破坏维生素C。You have _ my hopes of happiness.你毁掉了我得到幸福的希望。destroyed destroyed 7.ruin n.&vt.破坏；毁坏破坏；毁坏合作探究体会ruin的用法和意义The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made us awake all night.地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜未眠。Heavy smoking ruins your health，so you should give up smoking.吸烟过量损害你的健康，因此你应该戒烟
8、。If you dont give up the computer games，youll _ .如果再不戒掉电脑游戏，你会毁了自己的。Shortly after suffering from a big earthquake and being reduced to ruins，the city took on a new look.在遭受大地震并沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌。ruin yourself 自主发现_成为废墟；毁灭reduce.to ruins 使成为废墟_ 自我毁灭be/lie in ruinsruin oneself巩固内化补全句子He _ through d
9、rinking when he was young.他年轻时喝酒毁了他的健康。Three days later,the fire was put out and some 500 blocks _.三天后火被扑灭了，大约500个街区夷为平地。思考表示“破坏”的单词还有哪些？请说出它们的区别。_ _ _ ruined his healthlay/were in ruins(1)ruin指毁坏某种好的或者有用的东西。用作名词，意为“毁灭；废墟”。(2)damage损坏、毁坏，指部分损坏，降低某物的价值，通常接物。(3)destroy指彻底地破坏，一般不可修复，常作“破坏；毁灭”讲。也可以指希望、计
10、划等的破灭。8.affect vt.影响；影响；(疾病疾病)侵袭；深深打动侵袭；深深打动 effect n.效应；影响；结果效应；影响；结果 vt.引起；实现；使发生引起；实现；使发生82 killed，500，000 affected(教材P49)82人死亡，50万人受影响合作探究体会affect与effect的用法和意义The noise from the coming and going cars of the road affected our study.马路上来往车辆的噪音_了我们的学习。Most people present at the meeting were deeply
11、affected by his speech.出席会议的大多数人被他的演讲_了。My parents divorce had a great effect on me.父母的离婚给我带来了很大的_。影响深深打动影响自主发现affect sb/sth影响某人/某事be deeply _.被深深打动have an effect _.对有影响辨析比较(1)affect主要用作动词，意为“影响”，相当于have an effect on。(2)effect作动词时指“引起；实现；使发生”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。作名词时指affect(影响)的结果，常用于短语have an effect on.中
12、，表示“对有影响”。affected byon巩固内化(1)选词填空(affect/effect)Dont play around here！Your noise _ my job badly.Playing computer games too much will have a bad _ on your study.(2)补全句子The firefighters lung _ because of breathing in the poisonous gas.由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。What you say or do will _ others.你所说或所做的每
13、一件事都会对别人产生影响。affectseffectwas affected have an effect on 9.shelter n.C避难处；居所避难处；居所 U庇护庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避躲避(风雨或危险风雨或危险)Shelters set up by the government(教材P49)政府设立的庇护所合作探究体会shelter的用法和意义Its so hot，and wed better find a tree to take shelter from the sun.太热了，我们最好找棵大树来遮阳。We sat in the shade，shelteri
14、ng from the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。Trees the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风。shelter 自主发现take shelter _.躲避_ 保护/遮蔽不/免受_ 躲避巩固内化单句语法填空They found shelter _ the storm in a garage.We must find a place _(shelter)from the downpour.思考请说出shelter作及物动词时的同义词并造句。_fromshelter.from.shelter from.fromto shelterprotectThe wal
15、l can protect/shelter our houses from being flooded.10.crack/krk/n.裂纹；裂缝 There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。（P50）This cup has a crack in it.这杯子有一道裂痕。vi.&vt.(使）破裂 The glass will crack if you pour hot water into it.别往玻璃杯里倒热水，不然会烫裂杯子。The ice _ as I stepped onto it.我一踩冰就裂
16、了。The little boy failed _the walnut.小男孩没能砸开核桃。She dropped a plate and cracked it this morning.今天早上她把一个盘子掉在地上打破了。cracked to crack11.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使使)震惊震惊 shocked adj.震惊的；惊讶的震惊的；惊讶的shocking adj.令人震惊的令人震惊的合作探究体会shock的用法和意义I looked at my husband in shock，waiting for him to tell me
17、 that I had misunderstood everything.But he only shook his head.我震惊地望着丈夫，期待他告诉我，这一切都是我的误解。但他只是摇了摇头。His situation was a great shock to us all.他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。I to hear that our factory would have to close.听说我们工厂将被迫关闭，我非常震惊。was shocked The news of his sudden death is so shocking that everyone is very s
18、hocked at it.他突然死亡的消息如此令人震惊，以至于每个人听到时都感到很震惊。自主发现_ shock震惊；吃惊be a shock to.使吃惊_ 做某事很吃惊be shocked _ 对感到震惊inbe shocked to do sth at巩固内化完成语段People _ that the UFO was flying over the city.The _ news _ all the people around，which was also a great _ people all over the country.人们十分吃惊地发现不明飞行物在这座城市的上空飞行，这个让人
19、震惊的消息震动了周围的人们，也使全国各地的人们感到震惊。思考请说出shocked和shocking的区别。_were shocked to seeshockingshockedshock toshocked adj.“感到震惊的”，表示人的心理状态和心理感受；shocking adj.“令人震惊的”，说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。12.trap /trp/vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to
20、bury the dead.地震后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。（P50）be trapped in 被困在中Some of the workers the ruins.有些工人被困在废墟中。trap sb into（doing）sth诱使某人（做）某事They _ their son.他们诱使她嫁给他们的儿子。n.险境；陷阱A fox was caught in a trap.一只狐狸掉进了陷阱里。Some women see marriage as a _.有些妇女把婚姻视作围城。were trapped in trapped her into marr
21、ying trap 13.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心合作探究体会bury的用法和意义She buried her face in her hands and wept.她掩面而泣。Since his wife left，hes buried himself in his work.自从妻子离开以后，他一直专心于工作。in his study，he didnt know that all the others had left.他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。Buried bury.in.be buried inbury oneself
22、 in巩固内化一句多译由于他埋头读书，所以他不知道外面下雨了。_，he didnt know it was raining outside.(使用连词because)_，he didnt know it was raining outside.(使用现在分词burying作状语)_，he didnt know it was raining outside.(使用过去分词buried作状语)Because he buried himself in/was buried in the book Burying himself in the bookBuried in the book14.brea
23、the/bri:/vi.&vt.呼吸呼吸 Slowly,the city began to breathe again.慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。（P50）Its good for the health to breathe deeply.做深呼吸对身体有益。Most people dont realize that they are breathing polluted air.大多数人没有意识到自己正呼吸着污染了的空气。【拓展】breath/bre/n.气息；呼吸；一口气You can see peoples breath on a cold day.冷天能看到人们呼出的空气。Sh
24、e took a deep breath.她做了一次深呼吸。ones breath 屏住气 上气不接下气Out of breath hold 15.revive/rvav/vt.&vi复活；（使复活；（使）苏醒）苏醒 Tangshan began to revive itself and get up on its feet again.唐山开始恢复元气，重新站起来。（P50）They managed to revive the injured driver at last.他们最终使受伤的司机苏醒了过来。The flowers soon in water.这些花见了水很快就活过来了。The
25、economy is beginning .经济开始复苏。revived to revive 16.wisdom/wzdm/n.智慧；才智智慧；才智 Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster,people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive and rebuild for a brighter future.唐山市已向中国和世界其他地区证明：在灾难时期，人们必须团结一致,展现智慧，保持积极的心态，重建更光明
26、的未来。（P50）A man of great wisdom often appears slow.大智若愚。【拓展】wise/waz/adj.聪明的；有智慧的She made a very decision.她作了一个非常明智的决定。Im wiser after ten years in the business.在商界混了十年之后，我变得聪明了。wise 17.erupt/rpt/vi.&vt.(火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出The couple volunteered to help after the volcano erupted.火山爆发后这对夫妇自愿
27、帮忙。（P52）An active volcano may erupt at any time.活火山会随时喷发。A fight has outside the restaurant.饭馆外发生了斗殴。【拓展】eruption /rpn/n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发The eruption of the volcano destroyed many villages.火山爆发破坏了很多村庄。erupted 18.tap/tp/vi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 He was busy tapping away at his computer.他埋头敲着电脑键盘。He me on the shoul
28、der.他轻轻地拍了拍我的肩膀。n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲 the hot/cold tap热水/冷水龙头He never drinks tap water.他从不喝自来水。Turn the tap on/off.打开/关上龙头。Dont leave the tap running.别把水龙头开着白白流水。He felt a tap on his shoulder and turned round.他觉得有人轻轻拍他的肩膀便转过身来。tapped 19.whistle/wsl/vi.吹口哨；发出笛声whistle for help 吹哨求救。（P52）The crowd whistled as t
29、he player came onto the field.那队员上场时，人群吹口哨。The kettle began to whistle.烧水壶呜呜地响了起来。vt.吹口哨 He a tune as he was walking.他一边走，一边用口哨吹曲子。n.哨子（声）；呼啸声He scored the winning goal just before the final whistle.他就在终场哨声前打进了制胜的一球。He listened to of a train.他听着火车呼啸而过。was whistling the whistle 20.emergency/im:dnsi/n
30、.突发事件；紧急情况突发事件；紧急情况Call an emergency number.拨打紧急电话（P53）We must keep as cool as a cucumber .我们要在危急时刻保持镇定自若。This door should only be used in an emergency.这道门只能在紧急情况下使用。emergency room/exit急诊室/紧急出口emergency care 紧急救治in an emergency 21.aid/ed/n.援助；帮助；救援物资 first aid 急救economic/emergency aid 经济/紧急援助with th
31、e aid of 在的帮助下He succeeded with the aid of a new method he discovered.借助于自己发现的一种新的方法，他获得了成功。vi.&vt.(formal)帮助；援助 the poor farmers,the government provided them with a lot of money.为了帮助贫穷的农民，政府给他们提供了很多钱。To aid 22.sweep/swi:p/vt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫；清扫打扫；清扫 Could you please sweep the floor?你扫扫地好吗？Sweep
32、the leaves into the corner where they wont be noticed.把落叶扫到墙角去,那儿不会被人注意.sweep away消灭；彻底消除 Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,and cars away by huge wave.渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被巨浪冲走了。（P54）The boy helped Mother sweep the dirt away.男孩帮助母亲清除尘土.Lets sweep away the broken glass.让我们把这些碎玻璃扫走.were swept23.wave/wev/n.海浪
33、；波浪 Cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake.汽车被强烈地震引起的巨浪冲走了。Children were playing in the waves.孩子们在海浪中嬉戏。vi.&vt.挥手；招手 The people on the bus waved and we waved back.公共汽车上的人挥手致意，我们也向他们挥手。They came to the front door to .他们来到前门挥手告别。wave goodbye24.deliver/dlv(r)/vt.&vi.递送；传达How
34、ever,dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult food and supplies.然而，危险的状况和被毁坏的道路将使运送食物和供应品变得困难。（P54）vt.发表The president will deliver a speech about the economic development.总统将就经济发展发表讲话。vt.接生；生(小孩)be delivered of a baby 分娩；生孩子She was delivered of a healthy boy.她生下一个健康的男孩儿。to deliv
35、er 25.summary/smri/n.总结；概括；概要总结；概括；概要A summary is a short statement of the main points.摘要是对要点的简短陈述。（P55）Heres a summary of the days news.下面是今日新闻简报。in summary总的来说 ,this was a disappointing performance.总的来说，这场演出令人失望。to sum up 总结In summary 26.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力努力；艰难的尝试；尽力合作探究体会effort的用法和意义Another rea
36、son why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only if we .另一个让我们永不放弃的理由是，只有我们努力了，我们才能从错误中学习。The company has laid off 150 workers in an effort to save money.公司为节省资金遣散了150名工人。If it is a matter of life and death，we should solve it.如果这是一个生死攸关的问题，我们就应该不遗余力地去解决它。make an effort spa
37、re no effort to 自主发现make _ effort to do sth努力做某事_ 为了做某事_ 不遗余力地做某事 anin an effort to do sthspare no effort to do sth巩固内化一句多译我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。Well _ you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.Well _ you，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.Well _ y
38、ou，but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.try/do our best to helpmake an effort to helpspare no effort to help27.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.受苦sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者suffering n.苦难；痛苦 What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need？(教材P51)你认为地震灾民需要什么样的帮助？合作探究体会s
39、uffer的用法和意义As far as I know，he has ever suffered from a serious illness.据我所知，他曾患有严重的疾病。The gas price dropped sharply，and many countries suffered great losses.油价急剧下跌，许多国家遭受巨大损失。The old man is said to have gone through varieties of sufferings during the war.据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。自主发现suffer pain/defeat/lo
40、ss/poverty/hardship遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫困/艰难_ 受之苦；患病 suffer from.巩固内化(1)选词填空(suffer/suffer from)Fortunately he _ no pain.They _ all kinds of diseases in those years.(2)单句语法填空A lot of money has been collected to help those _(suffer)from the floods.sufferedsuffered fromsuffering28.power n.电力供应；能量；力量；权力电力供应；能量；
41、力量；权力powerful adj.强有力的强有力的Go to an open space away from buildings，trees，or power lines.(教材P53)去一个开阔的地方，远离建筑物、树木或电线。合作探究体会power的用法和意义China is a country where the people are in power.中国是个人民掌权的国家。It is reported that as soon as the new president comes to power，he will meet with a lot of problems.据报道，新总统
42、一上台就会有很多问题(需要解决)。With years hard practice，he now has the power to finish the action perfectly.经过数年的艰苦训练，现在他能完美地完成这个动作。The difficult job is .这工作太难了，我干不了。beyond my power 自主发现be in power执政；掌权(状态)_ 上台；执政(动作)_ to do sth 具有做某事的能力beyond/out of ones power 某人力所不能及的词块积累seize power夺取政权turn off the power关掉电源com
43、e to powerhave the power巩固内化补全句子Since he _，he has been _ for almost five years.自从他上台，已执政将近五年了。Im afraid its _ to help you.我恐怕无力帮助你。came to powerin powerbeyond my power29.calm adj.镇静的；沉着的；平静的镇静的；沉着的；平静的 vt.&vi.(使使)平静；平静；(使使)镇定镇定Stay calm.(教材P53)保持冷静。合作探究体会calm的用法和意义Calm down！There is nothing to worry
44、 about.冷静下来！没有什么可担心的。She tried to calm them down but only to make matters worse.她尽力使他们平静下来，不料却适得其反。Tina tried to ignore the danger，and did her best to keep calm.蒂娜试图不理睬危险，尽量保持镇静。自主发现_平静下来_ 保持镇静_ 使某人平静/镇定下来辨析比较(1)calm意为“平静的，沉着的”。指无风浪或人的心情不激动。(2)quiet意为“宁静的，安静的”。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、忧虑。(3)still意为“静止的，不动的”
45、。指没有运动或动作的状态。(4)silent意为“寂静的，沉默的，不出声的”。指没有声音或不讲话。calm downkeep calmcalm sb down(2016全国一）Approaching the vehicle,they saw that a woman was trying to get out of the broken window.They told her to stay _ until the emergency personnel arrived.A.quiet B.still C.away D.calmB巩固内化(1)选词填空(calm/quiet/still/si
46、lent)She is a _ girl.She stood _ and kept _ when the teacher asked her some questions.But after a while she answered all the questions in a _ voice.(2)补全句子He _ before danger.How brave he is!在危险面前他保持镇静。太勇敢了！After she _，she sang better.她平静下来后，歌唱得更好了。quietstillsilentcalmremained/kept calmcalmed down30.
47、supply n.C供应量，补给量；供应量，补给量；(多用复数形式多用复数形式)补给品；补给品；U供应，补给供应，补给 vt.供应；供应；供给供给The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.(教材P52)向灾区提供的物资来自全国各地。合作探究体会supply的用法和意义Id like to know the reason why the milk is in short supply in this area now.我想知道目前该地区牛奶供应不足的原因
48、。I dont know whether they have a good supply of food in the area.我不知道这个地区是否有良好的食物供应。The government has supplied plenty of food and clothes to the local people since the earthquake occurred.The government has supplied the local people with plenty of food and clothes since the earthquake occurred.政府在地
49、震后已经向当地人民提供了大量的食物和衣服。自主发现_短缺_ 备有许多supply sth _ sb 向某人提供某物supply sb _ sth 给某人供应某物 in short supplyhave a good supply of.towith巩固内化补全句子_ has been cut off because of the terrible earthquake.因为可怕的地震，水供应被切断了。We can _ whatever you need.我们可以提供任何你需要的东西。Potatoes _ because of the bad harvest.马铃薯因为收成不好，供应短缺。思考表
50、示“为某人提供某物”的短语还有：_ The water supplysupply you withare in short supplyprovide sb with sth;provide sth for sb;offer sb sth；offer sth to sb等。31.survive vi.生存；存活生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过幸存；艰难度过survivor n.幸存者；生还幸存者；生还者者survival n.U幸存；幸存；C残存物残存物Shes feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.(教材P52)她在喂养地震中生还的婴儿。合作
