1、 Whats the definition of modal verbs?l情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表表示说话人的情绪示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词态度或语气的动词,但但不能单独作谓语不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。构成谓语。一一.情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征1）情态动词情态动词不能单独做谓语，除不能单独做谓语，除ought和和have外，后面只能接不带外，后面只能接不带to的的不定式。不定式。2）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如情态动词，如can、will也有一般式和
2、过去也有一般式和过去式的变化。式的变化。3）情态动词的情态动词的“时态时态”形式并不是时间区形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。间、过去时间和将来时间。1.Ability（能力）（能力）2.Obligation（义务）（义务）3.Certainty（可能性）（可能性）4.Permission（允许）（允许）二情态动词的语法功能二情态动词的语法功能5.Make requests（提出（提出请求请求）6.Make suggestions（提出（
3、提出建议建议）7.Make offers（提供（提供帮助帮助）8.Give advice（提出（提出意见意见）三、情三、情态态动动词词的的多多样样性性1.首先从整体上把握情态动词的语法和语义特征。2.逐个学习，了解每个情态动词的用法特征，尤其要熟练掌握一些常用或常考情态动词的基本用法并认真区别具有相同功能的、意思相近的情态动词的用法。四、情态动词试题的突破方法四、情态动词试题的突破方法五、情态动词试题的解题技巧五、情态动词试题的解题技巧情态动词1.can could be able to4.shall 2.may might六常见情态动词的基本用法5.must have to 3.will w
4、ould7.need dare6.ought to should8.情态动词+have done情态动词1.can could be able to3.shall 2.may mightThe usage of some common modal verbs4.must have to 5.情态动词+have donel1.canl1)表能力表能力can表能力时意味着凭体力或脑力或技术等可以无甚阻力地去做某事。lI can climb this pole.He is only four,but he can read.lcan 和和could：1.表示现在的能力：can，am/is/areab
5、leto2.表示将来的能力：willbeableto3.表示过去的能力：could，was/wereableto4.表示过去本来能做未做的能力用什么？表示过去本来能做未做的能力用什么？Couldhavedonecan/be able to区别区别:can表示表示或或，而，而be able to更加强调更加强调或者或者，能做到的事情。能做到的事情。I cant swim,but I am sure I will be able toswim through more practicing.表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做表示特定的某一过去能力或表示成功地做了某事时，只能用了某事时，只能用wa
6、s/were able to，不不能用能用could。He_fleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout.Note：wasableto A big fire broke out in ABC hotel yesterday.Luckily,everyone _ run out of the building.was able to2.She _ speak both English and French.canl(1)Im starving.I _ eat 2 bowls of rice now.l(2)If you have a good sleep,you _ work o
7、ut this problem tomorrow.(将来的能力）l(3)The fire spread very quickly but everyone _ get out.(过去有具体的能力；成功的做了某事）canwill be able towas able tol2)表推测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主表推测、惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）lA,用于否定与疑问结构中用于否定与疑问结构中lCan the news be true?It cant be true.lWhat can he possibly mean?他可能是
8、什么意思?Hes such a nice person that he _ commit the crime.cantB,can用于肯定句用于肯定句,表示偶尔的可能性。表示偶尔的可能性。如：如：l3)表示表示请求或允许请求或允许(和和may意思相近意思相近)常见于常见于口语。口语。lCan(May)I come in?我能进来吗?lCan I smoke here?我可以在这里抽烟吗?2)could的主要用法是：的主要用法是：A.could是是can的过去式的过去式,表示与过去表示与过去有关的能力和推测有关的能力和推测:eg.Weallknewthattheyoungmancouldntbea
9、doctor.B.could可以代替可以代替can表示请求、表示请求、允许允许。可表示委婉客气的提出问题或陈述看法Couldyoulendmeyourdictionary?CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,you can.Im afraid I couldnt give you an answer today.Can或或could 的否定形式构成习惯短语的否定形式构成习惯短语Cant.too.Cant.enough.无论怎样无论怎样也不过分也不过分Cant(help)but do不得不做，只好做不得不做，只好做Cant help doing 情不自禁情不自禁Cant help it
10、没有办法没有办法Cant.+比较级比较级 再再不过了（表示最高级）不过了（表示最高级）你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。You cant be too careful while crossing the road.She couldnt but agree to my idea.I cant thank you enough.The film couldnt be any worse.l 15I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.l 答案：can
11、t l 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们不在家时，你对我儿子的帮助，我怎样感谢你都不过分。cant.too much表示“无论怎样也不过分”。MayIwatchTVaftersupper?Yes,_./No,_.MightIuseyourtelephone?MayIgohomenow?Itmaybetrue.Shemaycometomorrow.Hemighthavesomefever.Mayyousucceed!Mayyouhavemanymoredaysashappyasthisone!youmayYoumustnt允许允许,许可许可禁止禁止,阻止阻止Might比比May的语气更委婉的语气更
12、委婉表示可能性的推测表示可能性的推测,译为译为“大概大概,可能可能”用用might时显得更加不肯定时显得更加不肯定用于祈使句表示祝愿用于祈使句表示祝愿.May和和Might固定搭配固定搭配will和和would：will当作情态动词时有以下用法当作情态动词时有以下用法:If you give him time,Tom will talk and talk for hours.Every Saturday evening they will play chess together表经常性，习惯性表经常性，习惯性“老是、总是、终归老是、总是、终归是是”lThe door wont open.lIl
13、l do my best to help you.lWill you please give me a message when you see him?l-Write to me when you get home.l-I will.表示功能，译作表示功能，译作“能能”或或“行行”意愿意愿2人称，询问对方意愿或向对人称，询问对方意愿或向对方提出请求方提出请求回答祈使句回答祈使句I will go to the park with you tomorrow if you will offer me lunch.Question:Is this sentence correct?Why?情态动词
14、情态动词表示表示“意愿意愿”Would当作情态动词时有以下用法：当作情态动词时有以下用法：Wouldyouhelpus,please?WhenIhadsometrouble,hewouldencourageme.Wealltriedtostophimsmokinginbedbuthewouldntlisten.过去的习惯过去的习惯意愿意愿用于用于2人称，表示有礼貌的请求或邀请人称，表示有礼貌的请求或邀请l 用适当的情态动词填空l 1.The door_open,no matter how hard she pushed.(用否定形式)l 答案：wouldntl 解析：本题考查情态动词的否定用法
15、。句意：无论她怎样用力推，这扇门就是不开。根据句意可知，wouldnt 在用于表示过去的否定句中时，表示拒绝，可译为“不肯/愿意，总是不”等。这里门好像有了意愿一样和她作对，这是一种拟人的用法。l 18Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but _ say where he was.(用否定形式)l 答案：wouldntl 解析：考查情态动词。句意：几天后，我哥哥打电话说他一切都好，但不愿意说他在哪儿。wouldnt“不愿意”。注意：表示请求、建议等，注意：表示请求、建议等，would比比will委婉客气。委婉客气。sent
16、ence pattern Would you pleaseWould you mindWould ratherWould you likeWould 与与 Used to do 区别区别 “过去常常过去常常”Would -过去习惯的动作动作（现在有可能还有此习惯）Used to do -过去习惯的动作动作及状态（现在已经没有此习惯）The old man _have a smoke under a big tree every afternoon after he finished his farm work.would可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。可表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性。翻译为翻译为“
17、经常、惯于、总是经常、惯于、总是”。shall和和should：1.shall用于征求对方的意见，表用于征求对方的意见，表“决心决心”Shallwegobytrain,Mom?妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？妈妈，我们乘火车去好吗？（用于征求对方的意见）（用于征求对方的意见）Ishallgoatonce.我必须立即去。我必须立即去。（表（表“决心决心”）l1)用于第一、用于第一、三人称征求对方的意见，三人称征求对方的意见，lWhat shall he wear on the journey?lShall we dance?l2)shall 用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告，用于第二、三人称时表允诺，警告
18、，命令，威胁。命令，威胁。“必须，应该可以必须，应该可以”lIf he passes the examination,he shall have a holiday.lYou shall have it back tomorrow.l3）用于第二、三人称用于法律法规条例等）用于第二、三人称用于法律法规条例等文件中的要求。文件中的要求。“应该、必须应该、必须”lIts required in our regulation that students shall go to school on time.lPersons under 18 shant be employed in night wo
19、rk.l 17One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.l 答案：shalll 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们的一条规则就是，每个学生在校期间都必须穿校服。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示命令或规定。l2.should表示义务、建议、劝告等，意为表示义务、建议、劝告等，意为“应该应该”。(oughtto)lStudentsshouldrespectteachers.lTheboysshouldntbeplayingfootball;theyshouldbeats
20、chool.lIts4:30,TheyshouldbeinNewYorkbynow.劝告、建议劝告、建议义务、责任义务、责任常规、常理的推测（正常情况下）按理应该常规、常理的推测（正常情况下）按理应该lHeoughttosucceed,asheissodiligent.lItisstrangethatitshouldbesohottoday.lIdontunderstandwhysheshouldhavemadesuchamistake.lShoulditraintomorrow,themeetingwillbepostponed.居然，竟然居然，竟然与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等与疑问
21、词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等“究竟是，到底究竟是，到底”用于条件句中用于条件句中“万一万一”l Shall;should;wouldl You _ go to the ball,Cinderella.l You_fail if you dont work hard.l The school rules state that no child _ be allowed out of the school during the day,unless accompanied by an adult.l I wonder whats happened to Annie.She _ be(=It wa
22、s expected that she would be)here by now.l If anyone _ ask for me,Ill be in the managers office.l I didnt expect that he _ have behaved like that.l He said he _ see his brother tomorrow.l I asked him to move his car but he said he _.l What _ you do if you lost your job?l _ you like me to come with y
23、ou?l I_rather have a beer.l He _ always turn and wave at the end of the street.shallshallshallshouldshouldshouldwouldwouldwouldwouldwouldwouldl -Whats the name?l -Khulaifi._ I spell that for you?l Shall B.Would C.Can D.MightDrill(小练小练)（10江苏）江苏）I havent got the reference book yet,but Ill have a test
24、on the subject next month.Dont worry.You_ have it by Friday.A.could B.shall C.must D.may 解析：解析：shall在第二人称中表示在第二人称中表示允诺允诺，还，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。有在法律条文中的要求或规定。答案：答案：BYoushallbepunishedforwhatyouvedone.你一定会因为你的所作所受到惩罚。你一定会因为你的所作所受到惩罚。must和和haveto1.must用于一般问句中用于一般问句中,肯定回答用肯定
25、回答用must否定式用否定式用neednt或或donthaveto，做做“不必不必”,mustnt表示表示“禁止，不允禁止，不允许许”MustIfinishalltheworkatatime?Yes,youmust.No,youneednt.IdontlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.2.表示表示“必须必须”这个意思时，这个意思时，must和和haveto稍有区别。稍有区别。1、must着重说明主着重说明主观看法，观看法，haveto强调客观需要。另外，强调客观需要。另外，haveto能用于更多
26、时态。能用于更多时态。2.haveto有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.昨天他不得不照看他的妹妹。Youmustbethenewteacher.Hemustbejoking.Thereisnobodyhere.Theymusthaveallgonehome.3.must表示对现在某人某事的猜测，表示对现在某人某事的猜测，作作“准是准是”，“一定一定”，一般用于肯定句中。，一般用于肯定句中。不能用于否定句或疑问句。不能用于否定句或疑问句。对过去发生的对过去发生的事情
27、作肯定判断用事情作肯定判断用musthavedonevery uncertainalmost certainmightshouldmustmaycouldought towill1.He _ be at home.2.He _ be at home,for he just called me from his home 15 seconds ago.A.may B.might C.must A.may B.might C.must (can)can不肯，may不问，must不否问口诀巧学情态动词表推测肯定的推测一般用肯定的推测一般用must,may，might（不用（不用can）。其中，其中，
28、must的语气最强，译为的语气最强，译为“肯定肯定”；may的语气次之，的语气次之，译为译为“很可能很可能”；might语气最弱，译为语气最弱，译为“也许也许”。如：。如：情态动词对现在的推测否定的推测：否定语气较强时，则用否定的推测：否定语气较强时，则用cant，译为，译为“根本不可能根本不可能”;语语气不很肯定时，常用气不很肯定时，常用maynot，mightnot或或couldnot，译为，译为“可能可能不不”“”“也许不也许不”。情态动词对过去的推测Thegroundiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.地上是湿的，昨晚地上是湿的，昨晚一定一定下雨了。下雨了。
29、l 2.Since nobody gave him any help,he _ have done the research on his own.l 答案：mustl 解析：句意：既然没人给予他任何帮助，他一定是独自完成这项研究的。本题考查情态动词。must have done表示对过去情况的肯定推测，意为“一定做了”，符合语境。l 3.I _(enjoy)myself moreit was a perfect day.l 答案：couldnt have enjoyedl 解析：句意：我过得非常开心(我不可能过得更愉快了)这真是完美的一天。本题考查情态动词表示推测的用法。couldnt ha
30、ve done.more可以表示“过去不可能更”的意思，符合此句句意。l4.When I was a child,I _ watch TV whenever I wanted to.l答案：couldl解析：句意：在我小时候，每当我想看电视时就能看。本题考查情态动词。could在此表达过去能够做某事，符合句意。l5.It _ be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.(用否定形式)l答案：cantl解析：句意：门外不可能是邮递员，现在才六点。cant不可能，在此表示推测。l 6.The children _(get)lost in the w
31、oods;otherwise,they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.l 答案：must have gotl 解析：句意：孩子们肯定在树林里迷路了，否则他们就会按照计划回到湖边营地了。考查情态动词表推测。根据would have been可知语境指的是过去，must have got肯定已，符合语境。l 7.Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He _(drink)too much at the party last night.l 答案：must have drunkl 解析：句意：Harry感觉
32、很不舒服，他在昨晚的聚会上一定是喝多了。考查情态动词。根据时间状语last night，得知本句应该属于对过去发生事情的推测，must have done表示“过去一定做过某事”。l 8.Why are your eyes so red?You _have slept well last night.l Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report.(用否定形式)l 答案：cantl 解析：句意：你的眼睛为什么那么红啊？昨晚你不可能睡得很好。是的，我熬到很晚写一篇报告。本题考查情态动词用法。cant have done过去不可能做。l 9.No one_ be
33、more generous；he has a heart of gold.l 答案：can/couldl 解析：句意：没有人可能比他更慷慨，他有一颗金子般的心。本题考查情态动词。can/could可能。l 10.What are you doing this Saturday?l Im not sure,but I _(或许)go to the Rolling Stones concert.l 答案：mightl 解析：句意：本周六你打算做什么？说不准，不过或许我会去滚石演唱会。本题考查情态动词的用法。根据答语中“Im not sure”可知是对将来不肯定的推测，故填might。l 11.He
34、_sleep,although he tried to,when he got on such a hunt for an idea until he had caught it.(用否定形式)l 答案：couldntl 解析：couldnt表示“不能”。根据语境可知，他显然是“不能”入睡，根据句中的although he tried to可知这里说的是过去的事情，所以用cannot的过去式，故填couldnt。句意：尽管他想努力睡着，但还是无法入眠。此时他就开始寻找睡着的办法，直到找到为止。l 12.You neednt take an umbrella.It isnt going to r
35、ain.l Well,I dont know.It _do.l 答案：mightl 解析：句意：你不需要带伞，不会下雨的。哦，我不知道，或许会下。本题考查情态动词。根据语境可知，说话人对是否下雨并不是很确定，因此填might或许。How old are you,madam?If you must know,Im twice my sons age.4.must表示表示“偏要，硬要偏要，硬要”，指做令人，指做令人不快的事情不快的事情常用于固定句型：常用于固定句型：if you must do sth.如果你非得要做某事）如果你非得要做某事）need 与与 dare 实义动词实义动词情态动词情态动
36、词.可兼做行为动词的情态动词：need、dare情态动词情态动词(+动词原形动词原形)行为动词行为动词 .needdare1.无人称和数的变化;2.尤其用于：*否定句及疑问句中;*在if/whether之后;*或与hardly,never,no one,nobody连用;3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出现;4.dare有其过去时dared.多用于肯定句;need to do dare to doneed to be done need doing 实义动词实义动词 vs 情态动词情态动词肯定句肯定句 实实情情e.g.She needs to stay at home today.
37、e.g.He dares to jump from the high wall.e.g.She need stay at home today.e.g.He dare jump from the high wall.疑问句疑问句 e.g.Does she need to stay at home today?e.g.Does he dare to jump from the high wall?e.g.Need she stay at home today?e.g.Dare he jump from the high wall?实实情情否定句否定句Dare 作为实意动词的时候，作为实意动词的时
38、候，否定句否定句中的中的 to 可以省略可以省略e.g.He doesnt dare(to)jump from the high wall.实实e.g.She doesnt need to stay at home today.e.g.He doesnt dare to jump from the high wall情情e.g.She neednt stay at home today.e.g.He dare not jump from the high wall.He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he?判断正误判断正误:He d
39、arent to speak English before such a crowd,did he?These dishes need be cleaned carefully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.l 16Its quite warm here;we _ turn the heating on yet.(用否定形式)l 答案：neednt l 解析：考查情态动词。句意：这里相当暖和，我们没有必要还开着暖气。neednt“不必”。l 20I _ use a c
40、lock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house.(用否定形式)l 答案：needntl 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我不必用钟表唤醒自己，因为火车每天早上六点经过我的房子。根据原因状语从句的内容可知此处表示的是“不必”。l 13We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.(用否定形式)l 答案：needntl 解析：考查情态动词。句意：既然Suzie不和我们一起吃晚饭，那我们就没有必
41、要买这么多食物。根据“now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner”可知neednt have done表示“本没有必要做某事而实际上却做了”。表示否定的情态动词的用法:部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。mustnt 不准,禁止 neednt 没必要(=dont have to)cant 不能;不可能may not 不可以;可能不shouldnt 不应该(=ought not to)must have done must have done 过去一定做过某事cancant have donet have done 过去不可能做过某事should(
42、ought to)have doneshould(ought to)have done 过去本该做某事却没做shouldnshouldnt(ought not to)have done t(ought not to)have done 过去本不该做某事却做了.情态动词+have done表示对已经发生事情推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等。neednneednt have donet have done 过去没有必要做某事而实际上却做了 could have done could have done 过去本可以做某事却没做might have donemight have done 过去可能已经做了某事
43、5.情态动词+have done表示对已经发生事情推测、责怪、后悔、遗憾等。l1.It must have rained last night,for the streets are wet.l2.He looks very happy.He might not have known the result.l3.He could not have done such a thing.l4.She didnt come to school yesterday.Can she have been ill?l5.They left here early and should have arrived
44、 by now.情态动词表推测情态动词表推测 对过去情况的推测对过去情况的推测l6.You might have written the letter without my reminding you of it.l7.The doctor could have avoided the accidentl8.You should have finished the task yesterday.l9.I was really anxious about you,you shouldnt have left home without a word.l10.He ought not to have
45、 told me your secret,but he meant no harm.过去本可能（不用过去本可能（不用may)过去本能够过去本能够却没有却没有过去本应该过去本应该却没有却没有过去本不该过去本不该过去本不该过去本不该l 14We _(face)the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?l 答案：could have facedl 解析：考查情态动词。句意：我们本可以共同面对困难，可你为什么不告诉我呢？后半句用的是一般过去时，由此可知前半句是对过去情况的推测，所以用“情态动词have done”形式。could have do
46、ne表示过去本可以做某事，而实际上却没有做，符合句意。l 19Happy birthday!l Thank you!Its the best present I _(wish)for.l 答案：could have wishedl 解析：考查情态动词。句意：“生日快乐！”“谢谢你！这是我所能期望的最好的礼物了。”could have wished意为“可能希望”，符合句意。在反意疑问句中，当谓语动词含有must/might/can表示推测意义时，疑问部分的助动词应与情态动词情态动词后面的动词在非推测情况下的用法保持一致。8.情态动词表推测的反意疑问句l表推测的情态动词句子的反意疑问句表推测的情
47、态动词句子的反意疑问句He must/may be in the room,isnt he?He cant be in the room,is he?He must have finished the work,hasnt he?He may have done the work last night,didnt he?He must have been caught in the heavy rain last night,_wasnt he.1.Theweatherturnedouttobefineyesterday.I_thetroubletocarrymyumbrellawithme.
48、A.shouldhavetakenB.couldhavetakenC.neednthavetakenD.mustnthavetaken2.-IlltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.-You_herlastweek.A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetoldCDPracticePractice3.She_haveleftschool,forherbikeisstillhere.A.cantB.wouldntC.shouldntD.neednt4.-Icantfindmypurseanywhere.-Yo
49、u_havelostitwhileshopping.A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would5.-IstayedatahotelwhileinNewYork.-Oh,didyou?You_withBarbara.A.couldhavestayedB.couldstayC.wouldstayD.musthavestayedAAAl（10四川）四川）l 1._ I take the book out?Im afraid not.A.Will B.May C.Must D.Need考点：考查情态动词。解析：表请求可用情态动词can,may,could,might,表允许用can,may.句
50、意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？”“恐怕不行”。故应选表请求的情态动词may。正确答案为B。答案：B(10陕西）陕西）l 2.-May I take this book out of the reading room?-No,you .You read it in here.l A.mightnt B.wont l C.neednt D.mustnt解析：考查情态动词。英语中用could，might表示询问或征求意见的问句中，肯定性应答要用can或may来代替could或might，而may或might征求意见的问句否定应答时要用mustnt，表示禁止.故本题选D。答案：Dl（10湖南）l3.
