1、 Marketing management 营销管理营销管理 国际旅行管理系国际旅行管理系Words before the lecture 写在课程前面的话写在课程前面的话 To know the importance of marketing,especially its significance in practice.了解市场营销学的重要性,尤其是实践方面的意义了解市场营销学的重要性,尤其是实践方面的意义 bilingual method materials in English,lecture in Chinese 双语教学,英语教材,中文授课双语教学,英语教材,中文授课 By the
2、 way of bilingual,to learn marketing,and at the same time,to improve English 通过双语教学,学习英语的同时,提高英语水平通过双语教学,学习英语的同时,提高英语水平 college students are the market and should be satisfied 对于老师来说,学生就是应该被满足的市场对于老师来说,学生就是应该被满足的市场 concerning the materials I spent 20 yuan on the electronic book,and 2 weeks compiling
3、 it to be our material.There will be some mistakes because of tough work-the contents in the book is not clear,and the format of PDF(Portable Document Format)is not stable and not easily to cope with.If there are a lot of mistakes,please forgive me.编制的课程材料难免有些错误,即使如此,也是曾经花费较长编制的课程材料难免有些错误,即使如此,也是曾经花
4、费较长实践改编而成实践改编而成Marketing management(12th Edition)By Philip Kotler and Keller MAIN PURPOSE OF LEARNING学习目的学习目的 (1)to know why more and more companies are making their organizations more market-oriented(市场导向),more focused on(致力于)consumer needs and competitive threats and quicker to respond to changing
5、 market conditions.了解为何越来越多的公司以市场为导向,并且致力于消费者了解为何越来越多的公司以市场为导向,并且致力于消费者需要和竞争威胁,且快速地对市场条件作出反应需要和竞争威胁,且快速地对市场条件作出反应 note:customers desires are changing 注意:消费者的欲望正在发生改变注意:消费者的欲望正在发生改变 what do you think the college students want?你认为,大学生需要的是什么?你认为,大学生需要的是什么?(2)in order to compete and gain sustainable adv
6、antage(可持续的优势)in the marketplace,how companies try to make development strategies 为了在市场上进行竞争和获得可持续的优势,公司如何制定为了在市场上进行竞争和获得可持续的优势,公司如何制定其战略其战略 (3)to know,as a company,how to make its customers satisfactory based on its resources and the external environments.了解一个公司如何基于其资源和外部环境使其顾客满意了解一个公司如何基于其资源和外部环境使
7、其顾客满意Reference books:(1)marketing management(English-edition)published jointly by McGraw-Hill Book corporate and Dongbei University of Finance&economics press (2)marketing published by South-Western College (3)市场营销学教程-晁钢令,上海财经大学出版社 (4)市场营销学-郭国庆,中国人民大学出版社(5)市场营销学,曹小春,北京大学出版社(6)营销管理,菲利普科特勒,中国人民大学出版社 (
8、7)any book about marketing will be okBrief ContentsChapter1 An Introduction to Marketing Management Marketing and marketing mix The development of marketing concepts 第一章,营销管理的概况,了解什么是市场营销和营销组合,第一章,营销管理的概况,了解什么是市场营销和营销组合,了解营销理念的发展了解营销理念的发展Chapter 2 Marketing Environmental Analysis营销环境分析营销环境分析 Macroen
9、vironmental analysis-宏观环境分析宏观环境分析 Microenvironmental analysis-微观环境分析微观环境分析Chapter 3 Analyzing Consumer Market 消费者市场分析消费者市场分析Chapter 4 Marketing Information Search 营销信息收集营销信息收集Chapter 5 Market Segmentation and Targeting 市场细分和目标市场选择市场细分和目标市场选择Chapter 6 Product Decisions-产品决策产品决策 What is product and pr
10、oduct mix Branding品牌化品牌化 Packaging-包装包装 Product Life Cycle-产品生命周期产品生命周期 New Product Development新产品开发新产品开发Chapter 7 Pricing Decisions 价格决策价格决策Chapter 8 Distribution Decisions 分销决策分销决策Chapter 9 Promotion Decisions 促销决策促销决策Chapter 10 Controlling Marketing Strategies and Programs 营销战略控制和程序营销战略控制和程序 two
11、cases related to tourism to elicit the main lecture 1、If you are the one(非诚勿扰)(非诚勿扰)2、阿凡达、阿凡达 张家界和黄山关于张家界和黄山关于“悬浮山悬浮山”的原型相争的原型相争 美国大片阿凡达在内地公映尚未下线,湖南张家美国大片阿凡达在内地公映尚未下线,湖南张家界就引用片中风景为自家作宣传。界就引用片中风景为自家作宣传。1月月25日,湖南张家界日,湖南张家界著名景观著名景观“乾坤柱乾坤柱”正式更名正式更名“哈利路亚山哈利路亚山”,吸引了,吸引了数百名海内外游客见证更名仪式。此举同时引来舆论质数百名海内外游客见证更名
12、仪式。此举同时引来舆论质疑。疑。张家界中国国际旅行社为主的多家本地旅行社在全国张家界中国国际旅行社为主的多家本地旅行社在全国抢先推出了抢先推出了“张家界张家界阿凡达之旅阿凡达之旅”系列产品,结合影片系列产品,结合影片中的中的15处场景,设计了处场景,设计了“阿凡达阿凡达-潘朵拉神奇之旅潘朵拉神奇之旅”“”“阿阿凡达凡达-哈利路亚山玄幻之旅哈利路亚山玄幻之旅”“”“阿凡达阿凡达-悬浮山神秘之旅悬浮山神秘之旅”等多条精品旅游线路,让游客走近等多条精品旅游线路,让游客走近“悬浮山悬浮山”,身临其,身临其境去验证阿凡达中境去验证阿凡达中“中国元素中国元素”。其中,刚刚更名。其中,刚刚更名为为“哈利路亚
13、山哈利路亚山”的的“乾坤柱乾坤柱”景点成为了各界关注的景点成为了各界关注的焦点。焦点。行动方案:行动方案:让全球观众尽快(最好是在电影全球放映结束之前)让全球观众尽快(最好是在电影全球放映结束之前)知道悬浮山知道悬浮山“哈利路亚哈利路亚”就是张家界。此项工作最后落脚就是张家界。此项工作最后落脚点就是由阿凡达片方甚至卡梅隆本人公开承认剧组曾点就是由阿凡达片方甚至卡梅隆本人公开承认剧组曾来张家界取景。推出来张家界取景。推出“看阿凡达,游张家界看阿凡达,游张家界”活动,活动,推出推出“在阿凡达里寻找张家界在阿凡达里寻找张家界”活动。活动。成立借助阿凡达营销张家界办公室(简称成立借助阿凡达营销张家界办
14、公室(简称“阿阿办办”),邀民间人士参加,举办摄影大赛,开展为期),邀民间人士参加,举办摄影大赛,开展为期6至至8个月的活动,寻找阿凡达电影中的张家界山体实景。个月的活动,寻找阿凡达电影中的张家界山体实景。Chapter 1 An Introduction To Marketing Management 1、Market什么是市场什么是市场 The definition of market the narrow sense a place of exchange a physical place where buyers and sellers gathered 狭义的概念,市场是交换的地点狭
15、义的概念,市场是交换的地点 the wide sense-comprehensive exchange of all relationsexample,stock exchange 广义的市场:各种交换关系的总和广义的市场:各种交换关系的总和 On the view of marketing:Market=customer+purchase power+buying desire-groups of customers 营销学中的市场:具有一定购买能力、购买欲望和顾客群营销学中的市场:具有一定购买能力、购买欲望和顾客群 KEY CUSTOMER MARKETS-主要的顾客市场主要的顾客市场 (
16、1)Consumer Markets消费者市场消费者市场 (2)Business Markets-商业市场商业市场 (3)Global Markets-全球市场全球市场 (4)Nonprofit and Governmental Markets非盈利市场和非盈利市场和政府市场政府市场 Tourist market旅游市场旅游市场 groups composed of tourists discretionary income+leisure time+travel motivation 由旅游者构成的群体,由此产生的旅游流,具有一定的流由旅游者构成的群体,由此产生的旅游流,具有一定的流向、流量
17、特征,是市场经济的产物向、流量特征,是市场经济的产物2、Marketing and marketing mix 1)Marketing-市场营销市场营销 the process of planning and executing the conception,pricing,promotion,and distribution of ideas,goods,and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.-企业满足顾客需要,达成交易的过程企业满足顾客需要,达成交易的过程 2)ma
18、rketing mix the mix of marketing factors,including product,pricing,place and promotion.企业营销中产品、价格、渠道和促销等要素的组织和配比。企业营销中产品、价格、渠道和促销等要素的组织和配比。Marketing mix(营销组合营销组合)Target marketProduct(产品产品)P r o d u c t varietyQualityDesignFeaturesBrand namePackagingSizesServicesWarrantiesReturnsPrice(价格价格)List price
19、Discounts(折扣折扣)Allowances(津津贴贴)P a y m e n t period(付款期付款期限限)Credit terms(信用证条信用证条款款)Promotion(促销促销)Sales prootion(销销售促进售促进)AdvertisingPublic relationsSales forces(销(销售人员)售人员)Direct marketing(直接营销)(直接营销)Place(地点地点)Channels(渠道)(渠道)Coverage(覆(覆盖范围)盖范围)Assortments(分类)(分类)Locations(位(位置)置)Inventory(存(存货
20、)货)transport 企业角度的4Ps 对于消费者角度的4Cs 4Ps Product Price Place promotion 4CsCustomer solutionCustomer costConvenienceCommunication The relationship of 4Ps and 4Cs The firm can change its price,sales force size,and advertising expenditures in the short run.It can develop new products and modify its distri
21、bution channels only in the long run.公司可以在短期内改变其产品的价格、销售力量的规模和广告公司可以在短期内改变其产品的价格、销售力量的规模和广告费用,但是对于产品开发以及渠道的修正只能在较长时间内实现费用,但是对于产品开发以及渠道的修正只能在较长时间内实现 3、What Is Marketed?-10 types of entities:营销什么:营销什么:10种实体种实体 (1)goods-computer-一般商品一般商品 (2)services-banker,stockbroker-服务服务 (3)experiences-special travel
22、 experiences-经经历历 (4)events-Qingdao international beer festival事件事件 (5)persons-wangfei-人物人物 (6)places-seat in a theatre地点地点 (7)properties-villa along seashore-资产资产 (8)organizations-panasonic,idea for life-组组织织 (9)information-exam questions-信息信息 (10)ideas-advertising creativity-主意(点子)主意(点子)4、core con
23、cepts-市场营销学的核心概念市场营销学的核心概念 1)target market and development(目标市场与开发)目标市场与开发)2)marketerthe part who look for deals 营销者营销者-寻求交易的双方寻求交易的双方 3)need,desire and demand需要,欲望和需求需要,欲望和需求 in our textbook,desire is substituted by want need,desire and demand 需要需要描述人的匮乏状态,或说人的基本要求,包括描述人的匮乏状态,或说人的基本要求,包括生理的生理的(phys
24、iological)和心理的和心理的(psychological)-indefinite 欲望欲望趋向选择特定目标并力求获得满足的需要趋向选择特定目标并力求获得满足的需要 -a little definite有些具体有些具体 需求需求指有能力购买的特定产品的欲望指有能力购买的特定产品的欲望 -definite具体具体 需要早于营销活动,营销活动能影响顾客的需求需要早于营销活动,营销活动能影响顾客的需求-实实际生活中,有时顾客自己并不知道自己需要什么!际生活中,有时顾客自己并不知道自己需要什么!Understanding customer needs and wants is not alway
25、s simple.Some customers have needs of which they are not fully conscious(有意识的),or they cannot articulate(清楚表达)these needs,or they use words that require some interpretation(解释).了解顾客需要常常不容易,有些需要还完全没有意识,有些则了解顾客需要常常不容易,有些需要还完全没有意识,有些则不能清楚表达不能清楚表达 We can distinguish among five types of needs:-五种类型五种类型 S
26、tated needs(the customer wants an inexpensive car).明确的需要明确的需要 Real needs(the customer wants a car whose operating cost,not its initial price,is low).-实际需要实际需要 Unstated needs(the customer expects good service from the dealer).未明确的需要,不清楚要什么未明确的需要,不清楚要什么 Delight needs(the customer would like the dealer
27、 to include an onboard navigation system).令人感到愉悦的需要,如车载导航系统令人感到愉悦的需要,如车载导航系统 Secret needs(the customer wants to be seen by friends as a savvy consumer).有见识的消费者有见识的消费者 隐秘的需要隐秘的需要 4)product产品产品 everything that could be exchanged in the marketplace 可以用来交换的一切东西可以用来交换的一切东西 5)value-the ratio of customers
28、gets and costs 顾客所得与所付出的比率顾客所得与所付出的比率 Gets:utility,comfort,enjoyment,amusement 获得的:效用,舒适、享受、乐趣获得的:效用,舒适、享受、乐趣 Costs:time,money,physical strength,energy 付出的:时间、金钱、体力、精力付出的:时间、金钱、体力、精力 Discussion topic:Why customers can not get the maximum value?6)exchange-交换,交易交换,交易 Definition:idea that people give u
29、p something to receive something they would rather have.为了获得某物而宁愿放弃某物为了获得某物而宁愿放弃某物 Five conditions must be satisfied for exchange at least two parties-至少双方存在少双方存在 each part must have sth the other party values communicating with each other and delivering goods be free to accept or reject the others
30、offer each party must want to deal with the other party 7)relationship and relationship marketing 关系营销:企业建立与供应商和客户之间长期良好关系的营销关系营销:企业建立与供应商和客户之间长期良好关系的营销理念理念 关系营销是在关系营销是在“社会学时代社会学时代”的大背景下,于的大背景下,于90年代伴随着市年代伴随着市场经营理念的发展而产生的。关系营销是把营销活动看成是一个企业场经营理念的发展而产生的。关系营销是把营销活动看成是一个企业与消费者、供应商、分销商、竞争者、政府机构及其他公众发生互动与
31、消费者、供应商、分销商、竞争者、政府机构及其他公众发生互动作用的过程,企业营销活动的核心是建立并发展这些公众的良好关系作用的过程,企业营销活动的核心是建立并发展这些公众的良好关系。强调从交易(强调从交易(trade-off)型关系向伙伴型)型关系向伙伴型(partner)关系转变关系转变 a case followssuccessful relationship with a customer topic:the importance of relationships in China 8)marketing channel营销渠道 -产品向消费者转移所经过的环节与途径 9)supplier
32、value chain-供应商价值链 10)competition竞争 widely existing 11)marketing environment-营销环境 external and internal influential factors STPsegmentation-targeting-positioning 市场细分-目标市场选择-定位 4、The development of marketing concepts 1)production orientation生产导向(观念)companies produce what they could 公司生产其所能生产的产品公司生产其
33、所能生产的产品 market condition:hearty demands 需求旺盛需求旺盛 small production产量小产量小 not drastic competition竞争不激烈竞争不激烈 no need to give attention to different needs and desires不需要关注不同不需要关注不同的需要和欲望的需要和欲望 focus:the company-关注的焦点是公司关注的焦点是公司 2)sales orientation推销导向(观念)推销导向(观念)companies try to sell their products 公司努力
34、销售其产品公司努力销售其产品 market condition:more goods to choose更多产品选择更多产品选择 drastic competition竞争激烈竞争激烈 the idea that customer is lazy to buy 认为顾客懒于购买认为顾客懒于购买 economy recession-save money 经济衰退经济衰退 customers knowing little about goods 顾客对产品的了解少顾客对产品的了解少 focus:the company-仍然聚焦于公司 3)product orientation-产品导向(观念)产品
35、导向(观念)companies try to produce excellent products.公司努力生产优质产品公司努力生产优质产品 market condition:customers like excellent products excellent products sell well 顾客喜欢优质产品,优质产品销售地好顾客喜欢优质产品,优质产品销售地好 focus:the company pay more attention to product than to customer 仍然聚焦于公司,更关注产品仍然聚焦于公司,更关注产品 the consequence of thi
36、s conception-理念的结果理念的结果 marketing myopia-营销近视营销近视 (过多关心产品,而不关注需求的变化过多关心产品,而不关注需求的变化)记住:酒香也怕巷子深记住:酒香也怕巷子深 4)marketing orientation营销导向营销导向 companies produce what customers needs 公司生产消费者需要的产品公司生产消费者需要的产品 market condition:cutomers needs-the leading facor those are sold well are what customers would like
37、 to buy 市场条件:顾客需要,成为产品销售地好的第一要素市场条件:顾客需要,成为产品销售地好的第一要素 the focus:customer 聚焦于顾客聚焦于顾客 the classic slogan-经典的口号是经典的口号是 we must produce according to customers needs 顾客需要什么,我们就生产什么顾客需要什么,我们就生产什么 Holistic marketing(整体营销整体营销)Internal marketing(内部营销)(内部营销)Relationship marketing(关系营销关系营销)Integrated marketin
38、g(整合营销)(整合营销)Socially responsible marketing(社会责任营销社会责任营销)Markeing departentS e n i o r managementO t h e r departmentcommunicationsProducts&serviceschannelscustomerschannelspartnersethicslegalenvironmentscommunity 5)Holistic marketing-(整体营销整体营销)(1)Social responsibilities marketing社会责任市场营销导向社会责任市场营销导
39、向(观念)(观念)companies more considerations of the balance of economic benefits,societal benefits and ecological benefits 公司更多关注于三大效益的平衡公司更多关注于三大效益的平衡 market condition:customer needs,the leading facor company should take responsibilities of protecting E and social progress 市场条件:顾客需要为第一要素市场条件:顾客需要为第一要素 公司
40、需要为保护环境和促进社会进步承担责任公司需要为保护环境和促进社会进步承担责任 related terms:green marketing-绿色营销绿色营销 ecological marketing生态营销生态营销 the focus:customer,responsibility,social progress (2)INTERNAL MARKETING内部营销内部营销 Internal marketing is the task of hiring,training,and motivating able employees who want to serve customers well.
41、-内部营销的任务是雇佣、培训、激励有能力的员工服务于顾内部营销的任务是雇佣、培训、激励有能力的员工服务于顾客客 (3)RELATIONSHIP MARKETING-关系营销关系营销 Relationship marketing has the aim of building mutually satisfying long-term relationships with key partiescustomers,suppliers,distributors,and other marketing partnersin order to earn and retain their busines
42、s.关系营销,是指企业与客户及供应商建立良好关系。关系营销,是指企业与客户及供应商建立良好关系。当企业进入供应商所在的产业时,是后向一体化,当当企业进入供应商所在的产业时,是后向一体化,当进入客户领域,为前向一体化进入客户领域,为前向一体化 5、useful philosophies:1)In customers eyes,the employee is the firm.So a potential customer who is greeted discourteously may well assume that the employees attitude represents the
43、 whole firm.在顾客看来,员工就是企业,所以一个潜在的顾客倘若没有得在顾客看来,员工就是企业,所以一个潜在的顾客倘若没有得到礼貌的问候,就可能认为员工的态度代表了整个企业的态度到礼貌的问候,就可能认为员工的态度代表了整个企业的态度 2)As CEO of Marriott International said,”Our basic philosophy is to make sure our associates are very happy and that they work to go the extra miletake care of customers and have
44、fun doing it”正如万豪国际的正如万豪国际的CEO所说,我们最根本的经营哲学是确保我们所说,我们最根本的经营哲学是确保我们的同事在工作中感受到快乐,从而更加努力地工作的同事在工作中感受到快乐,从而更加努力地工作-细心照顾客人细心照顾客人并且享受工作的乐趣并且享受工作的乐趣 3)In order to make customer satisfied,teamwork is necessary.Team work means collaborative(合作的)efforts of people to accomplish common objectives.为了使顾客满意,团队工作是必
45、须的,团队工作即是通过协作为了使顾客满意,团队工作是必须的,团队工作即是通过协作努力实现共同的目标努力实现共同的目标 4)The ultimate goal of most marketing-oriented organization is to make profit by creating customer value,providing customer satisfaction,and building long-term relationships with customers.许多营销导向组织的终极目标是通过创造顾客价值、保证顾客许多营销导向组织的终极目标是通过创造顾客价值、保证
46、顾客满意以及建立与顾客的长期关系来获得利润满意以及建立与顾客的长期关系来获得利润 5)Implementing the marketing concept should be slow,rather than in revolutionary fashion.In order to realize the goal,employees participation is needed.贯彻营销理念需要慢慢来,而不是通过激进的方式进行,为了实贯彻营销理念需要慢慢来,而不是通过激进的方式进行,为了实现这一目标,员工必须参与进来现这一目标,员工必须参与进来 6)In some successful c
47、ompany,some managers spend time on front-line experience to know how to satisfy their customers.在一些成功的公司,经理们常常在一线获得经验以便知道如何更在一些成功的公司,经理们常常在一线获得经验以便知道如何更好地使顾客满意好地使顾客满意 6、The marketing process 1)mission of the organization 组织的任务组织的任务 2)setting marketing objectives 营销目标营销目标 3)SWOT analyses-a method of
48、strategic analyses 分析分析 strengths-优势优势 weakness-劣势劣势 opportunities-机会机会 threats-威胁威胁 4)developing marketing strategy 制定营销战略制定营销战略 5)implementing the marketing strategy 执行营销战略执行营销战略 6)designing performance measures 设计工作指标设计工作指标 7)evaluation and making changes 评估与变革评估与变革 7、Marketing Are Changing (1)Ch
49、anging technology变化的技术变化的技术 The digital revolution has created an Information Age.Many customers bought products on internet.数字革命数字革命 (2)Globalization-全球化全球化 companies market in other countries and consumers buy products and services from marketers in other countries.(3)Deregulation-放松管制放松管制 Many co
50、untries have deregulated industries to create greater competition and growth opportunities.Topic:The government and market economy 建议阅读关于张维迎的相关网页,阅读其最近出版的书:市场的逻辑 (4)Privatization私有化私有化 Many countries have converted(转变转变)public companies to private ownership and management to increase their efficienc