1、重庆市育才中学校2022-2023学年高二上学期1月期末英语试题一、阅读理解Todays modern travelers are journeying further to explore Europe off the beaten track, and bringing home new skills and experience. Here are 4 ideas for an unusual holiday in Europe.Volunteer in TransylvaniaTransylvania is a top choice for an unusual European ci
2、ty break, with wonderfully preserved medieval (中世纪的) towns and castles that inspired the famous novel Dracula. In addition, you can take your unusual holiday experience even further by volunteering in Eastern Europes largest bear reserve and working with bears.Teach skiing in AustriaAustria is one o
3、f Europes top skiing destinations. If youre looking for a more unusual way to spend a winter holiday, why not consider training to be a ski instructor there? Youll gain a qualification that is recognized worldwide, and this programme includes a guaranteed paid instructor job at a ski resort (旅游胜地) o
4、nce you have finished your training.Go diving in SpainFor a European holiday with a difference, take part in a plastic cleanup project based in Barcelona, help to empty plastic waste in the Mediterranean Sea and help protect the environment as you travel. This volunteer project combines diving with
5、collecting plastic or other waste from the water, alongside giving you the chance to explore the city.Explore Tuscany on horsebackTuscany, one of the best places in Europe to explore on horseback, has witnessed a sharp increase in travelers. There are various activities that combine sightseeing with
6、 basic horse riding lessons and you can stay in Renaissance villas (文艺复兴风格的别墅) and farmhouses. You dont need to have any experience for horse riding holidays, and they are a brilliant alternative to your typical guided tour.1What does the author suggest doing in Transylvania?AFinding a job in the ca
7、stle.BHelping to care for bears.CReading the novel Dracula.DVisiting its modern buildings.2Where can you help to protect the environment while traveling?AIn Spain.BIn Tuscany.CIn Transylvania.DIn Austria.3What do we know about horse riding holidays in Tuscany?AThey suit experienced riders.BThey are
8、unique to Tuscany.CThey are growing in popularity.DThey feature a typical guided tour.Overlooking the Davis-Gant Varsity Soccer Field, a bed of overturned soil waits for further development. In a few years, this area will become a natural habitat and a playground for animals and residents. This peac
9、eful area didnt appear naturally, but through planning and action taken by Catlin Gabels Tiny Forest project launched by teacher Patrick Walsh.Forests typically take hundreds of years to mature, with four stages of growth. “Tiny forests shorten the time through the planting of all four layers,” Wals
10、h explained. The end result is a fast-growing, native forest in about 20 years. Over 600 plants from 43 species will be planted in the tiny forest, the first one in Oregon.Walsh was inspired to build a tiny forest after hearing about this idea, which emerged in Japan and has taken hold in North Amer
11、ica. He shared his vision with seniors in his class. The seniors researched tiny forests and made a proposal resulting in Clean Water Services donating 60 trees and $5,000 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Armed with these resources, Walsh and the students started working. “S
12、omething I didnt really expect was the outpouring of students enthusiasm. Seeing students from all grades volunteered to contribute to the dirty work really blew me away,” Walsh said.Senior Megan Cover has been at the school since the first grade. “Ill graduate after working on this project, which i
13、s surely sad, but its really rewarding and great to be a part of this project and do my bit. Were creating this educational space for many young kids,” Cover said.Walsh summed up his goal of the project, which is to build a place where students can enjoy and learn about nature.“The forest will obvio
14、usly not solve climate change, but it would deserve the efforts if the kids think about climate change and remember the importance of reforestation (重新造林) and trees when they look at the forest.”4What is special about tiny forests?AThey originated in North America.BThey are usually planted in school
15、s.CThey contain various types of trees.DThey become mature in a shorter time.5What surprised Walsh in the process of planting the tiny forest?AThe active participation of students.BPublic concern about the environment.CThe abundance of native tree species.DSupport from local organizations.6How does
16、Megan Cover feel about the project?ADoubtful.BProud.CIndifferent.DDisappointed.7What does Walsh want the forest to function as for the students?AA witness.BA passer-by.CA reminder.DAn assistant.Lila Gleitman was driving her two-year-old daughter in the car when, going across a sharp turn, she advise
17、d her daughter to “hold on tight”. The kid responded, “Isnt that tightly?”It was a turning point in her career. Realizing that her two-year-old already had an understanding of language made Gleitman want to get into her childs head. She wondered: What does she know, and when does she know it?Gleitma
18、n turned those questions into a research career that helped define psycholinguistics (心理语言学). Her early interest coincided with Noam Chomsky, a frequent visitor to the University of Pennsylvania when she studied there. The two scholars considered that the mental systems which might produce the sente
19、nces you hear, are shaped by abstract rules that speakers may not even know that they know.An early piece of Gleitmans research, for example, researched small childrens “telegraphic” speech, in which many words are left out: a kid might say “throw ball” rather than “throw me the ball”. This seems to
20、 imply that the childs knowledge is instinctive. But she found that children obey instructions better when their parents use adult-style English than when they copy their kids.So parents do not need to use “motherese” her husband Henrys term with their children. She found that their progressive mast
21、ery of language rules had little to do with how much (or little) motherese their caregivers used.As the learning process goes on, children deploy some remarkable strategies. They often seem to correctly guess what a word means after hearing it just once. The physical environment is an obvious encour
22、agement (as when they hear “dog” and see one at the same time). But how would a child guess the meaning of the verb in “I believed that he lost his keys”? Gleitman noticed that the sentence structure is identical to those with other verbs that mean similar things: saw, remembered, worried and doubte
23、d. More broadly, it turned out that verbs which are similar in meaning tend to turn up in similar sentence structures. This helps children learn quickly, a process she called “syntactic bootstrapping (语法自举)”.8What was the turning point in Gleitmans career?AHer husbands persuasion.BOne suggestion fro
24、m her professor.CHer meeting with Noam Chomsky.DOne sentence from her daughter.9When do kids follow their parents instructions better?AWhen the parents use “motherese”.BWhen the parents use adult-style English.CWhen the parents copy their kids languages.DWhen the parents adopt remarkable strategies.
25、10What does the underlined word “deploy” in the last paragraph probably mean?AAbandon.BPlan.CChange.DUse.11How does a kid know the meaning of a verb according to Gleitman?ABy looking it up in a dictionary.BBBy being told by his or her parents.CBy guessing it from sentence structures.DDBy learning it
26、 in his or her school.Its one of the ultimate tests of willpower: youve been wandering around the market for hours and youre tired and hungry. Then you catch a smell of something fragrant (香的) and delicious, probably fried and almost certainly fattening. Junk food companies are well aware that the s
27、mell of their product sets off a desire in your brain and that youll pay for that later. It is a response that has been researched, and youd better believe your favorite fast-food chains have marketing teams that are using that research to their advantage.Lets take a closer look at this process. Hav
28、e you ever noticed that whatever indulgent food (放纵型食品) catches your attention tends to be most appealing just after you first smell it? A couple of minutes later you are standing in line, and it isnt quite inviting as it was just moments ago, but now youve invested time, so you trust your first fee
29、ling to treat yourself.But a recent statement says that this is actually the right moment to walk away. Dipayan Biswas, a marketing professor, found there is a direct connection between how long a person is exposed to indulgent food smells and choosing healthier foods. “The results of a series of ex
30、periments show that extended exposure of more than two minutes to junk food smells leads to fewer purchases of unhealthy foods compared with no smell or a non-junk-food-related smell,” reads the summary of his study.What appears to be going on here is that the brain doesnt necessarily distinguish be
31、tween a pleasurable smell and a pleasant taste. “Extended exposure to an indulgent food smell brings pleasure in the mind, which in turn reduces the desire for actual consumption of indulgent foods,” he explains. So next time you feel you dont have the willpower to resist cookies, smell all that swe
32、etness for just a minute or two. To your brain its the same as actually eating cookies, and the purchase desire would decrease.12What can we learn about junk food smells from the first paragraph?AThey can make a difference in marketing.BThey hardly affect peoples food choices.CThey are unlikely to f
33、ool wise customers.DThey finally decrease peoples purchase desire.13What does the second paragraph basically serve as?AAn argument.BAn example.CA comparison.DA comment.14Which statement will Biswas probably agree with?AThe brain cant tell where sensory pleasure is from.BThe senses of taste and smell
34、 are closely linked.CThe influence of food smells changes over time.DThe behavior of smelling food doesnt equal eating it.15Which of the following could the best title for the text?ATrain Your Brain to Resist Junk FoodBWatch Out for Tricky Marketing ToolsCFood Addiction Is Never About WillpowerDSmel
35、ling Junk Food Longer Can Keep You Off It二、七选五Some people love a great thunderstorm; others are frightened by the first flash of lightning or sound of thunder. _16_ But there are easy steps you can take to protect your home and your life from lightning.Protect Electronics from Severe Weather_17_ It
36、can follow the wires or phone lines into your roomruining computers, TVs and other electronics. One protection against electronics being “fried” by lightning is simply to unplug them whenever a rain or a storm is coming. Disconnect Internet and satellite dish connections no matter where they are.Red
37、uce the Risk of FireLightning rods (避雷针) can protect a building from catching fire. _18_ They just provide a path for the electricity to reach the ground more safely. The rods at the top of the building are only the first part of a good system. When lightning strikes, the electricity needs to move t
38、o the ground. Wires conduct electricity from the lightning rods to metal rods buried in the ground. _19_Understand LightningWhen lightning hits the ground, a tree, a tower or even a building, it may also spreads along the ground, so being near something thats struck by lightning is almost as dangero
39、us as being hit directly by lightning. _20_ The Empire State Building gets struck by lightning around 20 times every year. Its lightning rod protects the structure, as well as the people inside.AIt can even strike the same spot more than once.BYou might want to consider protecting an entire building
40、.CWhen this happens, anything in its path could be in danger.DBut the chance of lightning striking your house doesnt change.EEach connection must be secure so lightning doesnt jump to the building.FLightning hitting your roof or nearby power lines is terrible but not worst.GWhether you love or hate
41、them, thunderstorms produce dangerous lightning.三、完形填空Jim McIngvale watched in horror as Hurricane Ida made landfall, hitting Louisiana. For him, it _21_ one thing: Time to “get in the game”. McIngvale, who owns Gallery Furniture in Houston, quickly called for _22_ of necessities like food and water
42、. Then he and his workers _23_ every truck to take them to Louisiana.“Five years ago, Louisiana _24_ to us during Hurricane Harvey, so _25_, its the right thing to do to help our neighbors,” McIngvale said. He also opened his furniture showroom to _26_ many families.Ana Lee is among those _27_ the s
43、torm. He drove to Gallery Furniture after being told about McIngvales _28_. “I was warmly received,” Lee said. “Its a _29_ to meet somebody like him.”People who lined up to help out said they did so after _30_ watching McIngvale help those in need. Chris Ogle was one of them _31_ by McIngvale. He he
44、lped putting _32_ onto trucks after giving away some bottled water to the _33_. He said, “If you knew McIngvale, you wouldnt be _34_ by the long lines of people waiting to contribute. _35_, this was not the first time he had helped freely.”21AaffectedBprovedCstressedDmeant22AapplicationsBpreparation
45、sCdistributionsDdonations23AcheckedBemptiedCloadedDcleaned24Areached outBgave outCturned outDsent out25Ain returnBin generalCat lastDat heart26AfeedBshelterCcomfortDexamine27AovercomingBattackingCsufferingDchallenging28AgenerosityBhonestyCbraveryDloyalty29AchanceBplanCpleasureDdream30AgenerallyBfreq
46、uentlyCcuriouslyDcarefully31AsupportedBapproachedCpersuadedDinspired32AproductsBclothesCsuppliesDbottles33AactivityBcompanyCserviceDbattle34AtouchedBdelightedCexcitedDsurprised35AGraduallyBActuallyCEventuallyDHopefully四、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Whether its in Asia, Europe, the Uni
47、ted States _36_ South America, its safe to say that the frozen treat tends to be a favorite choice for anyone of any age. Ice cream may be universally _37_ (appeal), but many countries have their own version, according to Jeni Britton Bauer, _38_ (found) of an ice cream brand and the author of two books on the subject.Gelato is considered to be Italys culinary (烹饪的) symbol. In fact, visiting the local gelato stores is a way of life for Italians. Italian gelato is _39_ (low) in fat than tradit
