1、动词的分类动词的分类v./v.svedwill+vwould+v.had+Vp.phave/has+Vp.pwill have+Vp.pam/is/are+Vingwas/were+Ving时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。成进行、过去将来等。2 2、时间、条件、让步等、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态
2、状语从句中动词的时态；主从句时态主从句时态呼应问题。呼应问题。3 3、几种时态的替代问题几种时态的替代问题.一般现在一般现在4.every,sometimes,at,on Sundays 现在完成现在完成现在进行现在进行过去进行过去进行过去完成过去完成过去将来过去将来一般将来一般将来一般过去一般过去1.for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past years,recently 5.yesterday,last week,an hour ago,the other day,in 1982,just no
3、w 2.多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作语动作以后的动作6.before,by,until,when,after8.next,tomorrow,in 3.now7.this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening when,while 48713625解动词填空题解动词填空题“三步曲三步曲”1.I (have)this book for 2 weeks.have hadare planted一看时间状语一看时间状语2.Every year,many
4、 trees (plant)along the river.3.Keep quiet,please!They (have)a lesson.are having4.-Hi,Lin Tao.I didnt see you at the party.-Oh,I (get)ready for the exam.was getting5.Tom (go)to bed early，but his brother doesnt.6.Listen!Jims radio (make)a loudnoise.Would you please tell him to turn it down?goesis mak
5、ing二观上下文联系二观上下文联系 三找隐含条件三找隐含条件1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法1 1）经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作1.I _ ping-pong quite well,but I havent had time to play since the new year.A.will play B.have played C.played D.play1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法2 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。警句。Knowledge begins with practice.She said
6、 that the sea water is salty.In some parts of the world,such as in England,tea _ with milk and sugar.A.is serving B.serves C.is served D.served1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法 3 3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等此时主主语是物：车，船，飞机等 The train leaves
7、at three this afternoon.4 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。一般现在时代替一般将来时。If it is fine tomorrow,we will go to the countryside.2 2 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 1 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.-Look!Someone has spilt（溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯）-Well,it _ me.A.isnt B.
8、wasnt C.hasnt been D.hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daughter.-Oh,how good a dad!But she doesnt like sweet things._ that?A.Dont you know B.Havent you known C.Didnt you know D.Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there?-Yes,but she _soon afterwards.A.had left
9、B.left C.would leave D.will leave2 2 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 2 2）注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别：一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。I wrote a letter this morning.今天上午我今天上午我写写了了一封信。（信已写完）一封信。（信已写完）I was writing a letter this morning.今天上今天上午我午我在写在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）
10、一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）1.-Has Tommy finished his job yet?-I have no idea of it;he _ it this morning.A.was doing B.had been doing C.has done D.did2.As she _ the newspaper,Granny _asleep.A.read,was falling B.was reading,fell C.was reading,was falling D.read,fell3.一般将来时1.1.一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做
11、某事或来注定要发生的事情。定要发生的事情。2.2.表示将来时的四种形式表示将来时的四种形式will/shall+will/shall+动词原形动词原形be going to do be going to do be about to do(be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么)be to do be to do be going to be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。性。-The telephone is ringing.-T
12、he telephone is ringing.-I _ answer it.-I _ answer it.A.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about toA.will B.am going to C.am to D.am about to -Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.-I _,but I had an unexpected visitor.A.had B.would C
13、.was going to D.did A.had B.would C.was going to D.did be going to be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will will 不能表示不能表示 Look at the clouds!Its going to rain.Look at the clouds!Its going to rain.3.be to3.be to和和be going to be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。生的动作。be to do b
14、e to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时有时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事.be going to be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play
15、 football tomorrow afternoon.4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”，表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思：就在这时，是并列连就在这时，是并列连词词 构成句型：构成句型：be about to do when.be about to do when.I I was about to was about to leave leave when when it rained.i
16、t rained.特别注意特别注意（1 1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow,tomorrow,但没有但没有will,be going to)will,be going to)（2 2）某些瞬间动词某些瞬间动词“go,come,arrive,leave,start,go,come,arrive,leave,start,begin,fly,take”begin,fly,tak
17、e”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。作。Ive won a holiday for two to Floria.I _my mum.Ive won a holiday for two to Floria.I _my mum.A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have A.am taking B.have taken C.take D.will have been been 4.现在进行时 1 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段
18、一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正，但说话时不一定正在进行。在进行。I dont really work here.Im helping until the new secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly.A.will have changed B.has changed C.is changing D.will change-Ann works very hard.-In fact.I think she _ now.A.
19、studied B.is studying C.studies D.will stud 5.过去进行时 1 1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。状语（从句），或由上下文表示。1.-Hey,look where you are going?-Oh,Im terribly sorry._.A.Im not noticing B.I dont noticing C.I havent noticing D.I was nt noticing 2.-Hey,what did I say?-I _.A.Im not liste
20、ning B.I was not listening C.I dont listened D.I didnt listen3 3 在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time,then,this time yesterday/last week,at 10 oclock last night 等具体的时间状语等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。用过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked B.was working C.had been working D.had
21、worked特别注意：特别注意：与与always连用，表示感情色彩。连用，表示感情色彩。My brother was always losing his key.6.现在完成时1 1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，响或结果，有时没有时间状语，有时有时有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。间状语。They have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.)2 2 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而
22、且可能继续下去的动作状态。继续下去的动作状态。He hasnt given me any more trouble since then.-When did he go to America?-Oh,he _ there since half a year ago.A.went B.has been C.has gone D.wasShelly _ California for Texas and _ there ever since.You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico.A.left,worked B.has left,ha
23、d worked C.left,has worked D.has left,workedCollecting stamps as a hobby _ increasingly popular during the past fifty years.A.becomes B.became C.has become D.had become7.过去完成时 1 1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。请记住：请记住：by the end of+by the end of+过去时间过去时间be the time+be t
24、he time+从句（用一般过去时）引导的句从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时）子或主句用过去完成时）1.The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital.A.died B.would die C.had died D.has died 2.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon _ to his old ways.A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned 4.I _ to take a goo
25、d holiday this year,but I wasnt able to get away.A.hope B.have hoped C.had hoped D.hoped 5.Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come 8.现在完成进行时构成：构成：have/has been doinghave/has been doing表示过去某一动作状态一
26、直持续到现在，也表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。可能将持续下去。-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Yes,that why I _ to work by train.A.have been going B.have gone C.was going D.will have gone 9.9.将来完成时将来完成时：will/shall+have done will/shall+have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将来时间的状语连用，来时间的状语连用，如：如：by
27、 the end of+by the end of+将来时间的短语将来时间的短语,by the time+by the time+从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时 We will have finished the work by the time he comes We will have finished the work by the time he comes back.back.10.10.一般将来进行时一般将来进行时；will be d will be doi oing/shal
28、l be doing ng/shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 What will you be doing this time tomorrow?What will you be doing this time tomorrow?1.By the end of this month,we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem.A.have found B.will be found C.will have found D.are finding 2.The conference
29、_ a full week by the time it ends.A.must have lasted B.will have lastedC.would last D.has lasted 1.He stepped into the office,_ down and began to fill in the forms.A.sitting B.to sit C.sat D.having it2.She said she would telephone but we _from her so far.A.havent heard B.didnt hear C.hadnt heard D.w
30、ont hear3.When I got to the cinema,the film_for ten minutes.A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was4.Ill go with you as soon as I_my homework.A.will finish B.finish C.am finishing D.finished5.If it_tomorrow,I wont go to the cinema.A.will rain B.rains C.is raining D.rained6.She is going to be a n
31、urse when she_up.A.is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？，下列哪一句不对？A.I have had this book for three months.B.I have bought this book for three months.C.I bought this book three months ago.D.It is three months since I bought this book.8.Come in,Peter,I want to
32、 show you something.Oh,how nice of you!I _ you _ to bring me a gift.A.never think;are going B.never thought;were going C.didnt think;were going D.hadt thought;were going9.When I was at college I _ three foreign languages,but I _ all except for a few words of each.A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have f
33、orgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten10.The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _.A.has broken into;has been stolen B.had broken into;had been stolen C.has been broken into;stolen D.had been broken into;stolen11.The volleyball match will be put off if it_.A.wi
34、ll rain B.rains C.rained D.is raining12.Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A.made B.is making C.was making D.makes13.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A.had written;left B.were writing;has left C.had written;had left D.were writing;had left14.Have you m
35、oved into the new house?No yet,the rooms _,A.are being painted B.are painting C.are painted D.are being painting15.We havent heard from Jane for a long time.What do you suppose _ to her?A.was happening B.to happen C.has happened D.having happened16.Do you know our town at all?No,this is the first ti
36、me I _ here.A.was B.have been C.came D.am coming17.We could have walked to the station.It was so near.Yes,A taxi _ at all necessary.A.wasnt B.hadnt been C.wouldnt be D.wont be18.If city noises _ from increasing,people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A.are not kept;will
37、 have to B.are not kept;have to C.do not keep;will have to D.do not keep;have to19.Tom _ into the house when no one _.A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked C.slipped;had looked D.was slippping;looked20.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A.had seen;was picking B.saw;picking C.had
38、seen;picked D.saw;was picking 被动语态被动语态一、什么是语态？一、什么是语态？语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和语态是英语动词的一种表现形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。谓语动词之间的关系。二、语态的种类：二、语态的种类：（1）主动语态）主动语态 （2）被动语态）被动语态三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？三、什么是主动语态？什么是被动语态？四、被动语态的构成：四、被动语态的构成：(八种时态下的被动语态）八种时态下的被动语态）be+及物及物动词的过去分词动词的过去分词can/may/must+be+过去分词过去分词1)am/is/are+done(
39、过去分词过去分词)一般现在时一般现在时2)2)has/have been done 现在完成时现在完成时 3)3)am/is/are being done 现在进行时现在进行时 4)4)was/were done 一般过去时一般过去时 5)had been done 过去完成时过去完成时 Visitors are asked not to touch the exhibits.(展品）展品）All the preparations for the task have been completedA new cinema is being built hereI was given ten mi
40、nutes to decide.By the end of last year,another new gym had been completed in Beijing.6)was/were being done 过去进行时过去进行时 7)shall/will be done 一般将来时一般将来时 8）should/would be done 过去将来时过去将来时 被动语态的特殊结构形式被动语态的特殊结构形式 1）带情态动词的被动结构）带情态动词的被动结构其形式为：情态动词其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。过去分词。A meeting was being held when I was the
41、re.Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.The baby can be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2）一些表示）一些表示“据说据说”或或“相信相信”的动词如的动词如believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可以用于等可以用于句型句型“Itbe过去分词过去分词that从句从句”或或“主语主
42、语be过去过去分词分词to do sth.”。有：。有：It is said that 据说据说,It is reported that据报道，据报道，It is believed that大家大家相信相信,It is hoped that大家希望，大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，大家认为，It is suggested that据建据建议。议。It is said that the boy has passed the national examThe boy is said to have passed
43、the national exam5、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来把主动语态变为被动语态时，应保留主动语态原来的时态。如：的时态。如：She often cleans the house.The house is often cleaned by her.2.有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以有双宾语，在用于被动结构时，通常变为主语的是间接宾语（通常变为主语的是间接宾语（sb.）His mother gave him a present for his birthdayHe was given
44、a present by his mother for his birthday.3)当当“动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动.Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette(香烟）香烟）=The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词）在使役动词have,make,get以及以及感官动词感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等变为被动结构时，要加等变为被
45、动结构时，要加toSomeone saw a stranger walk into the building=A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5)有些相当于及物动词的有些相当于及物动词的动词词组动词词组，如如“动词介词动词介词”，“动词副词动词副词”等，等，也可以用于被动结构，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。The meeting is to be put off till Friday一、系动词一、系动词 taste,sme
46、ll,feel,sound,prove等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如:1这些花闻起来很香。这些花闻起来很香。2那听起来很有道理。那听起来很有道理。3那食物尝起来很可口。那食物尝起来很可口。These flowers smell sweet.That sounds very reasonable.The food tastes delicious.二、某些与二、某些与 cant wont 等连用的不及物动等连用的不及物动词，如词，如move,lock,shut,open 等可用主动等可用主动形式表达被动意义。如：形式表达被动意义。如：1盒子不能移动。盒子不能移动。2
47、门不会关。门不会关。The box cant move.The door wont shut.三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能三、某些可用来表示主语内在品质或性能的不及物动词，如的不及物动词，如 sell,write,wash,clean,last(耐久耐久),wear(耐穿耐穿),等可用主动形式表等可用主动形式表达被动意义达被动意义.如如:This kind of food sells well.这种食物畅销。这种食物畅销。This cloth washes well and lasts long.这布料经洗、耐穿。这布料经洗、耐穿。The floor doesnt clean easi
48、ly.这地板不容易弄干净。这地板不容易弄干净。五、形容词五、形容词 worth 后面要用动名词的主后面要用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。如：动形式表示被动意义。如：1小说值得一读。小说值得一读。2事情值得做。事情值得做。The novel is worth reading.The thing is worth doing.四、在动词四、在动词 require,need,want 等动词之等动词之后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。后，可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。1树需要浇水。树需要浇水。2孩子需要照顾。孩子需要照顾。3电视机需要修理。电视机需要修理。The trees need wat
49、ering.Children want looking after.The TV needs mending.1.If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner A are not kept；will have to B are not kept；have C do not keep；will have to D do not keep；have to 2.The fifth generation computers,_and perfected now.A.developed B.have
50、developed C.are being developed D.will have been developed 3.-_ the sports meet might be put off -Yes，it all depends on the weather A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told ACA4.I need one more stamp before my collection _.A.has completed B.completes C.has been completed D.is completed 5.Rainfo
