1、ManagedPressureDrilling(MPD)TechnologyOverview 控压钻井技术 GeoBalanceTMMANAGEDPRESSUREDRILLINGSYSTEM Feb112009 Ma n a g e d P r e s s u r e D r i l l i n g(MP D)Presentation Outline?MPD Introduction 控压钻井技术介绍?Job Design 控压作业?MPD Equipment 控压钻井工具?Communication 控压钻井团队?Rig Site Procedures 控压钻井操作程序?Case histo
2、ries 控压钻井实例 P r e s e n t a t i o n O u t l i n e?MP D I n t rImportance of HSE If it cant be done safely.It wont be done I mp o r t a n c e o f H S E I f i t c a n t Global Well Operator Issues?Highly deviated well conditions?Bore hole stability problems?Well control while drilling?Narrow drilling
3、margins?Depleted Reservoirs?Risk of sticking,expensive fishing jobs and side tracks?Shallow flow water sands Introduction to MPD Technology 控压钻井技术介绍 G l o b a l We l l O p e r a t o r I s s u e s?Advantages of MPD 控压钻井技术应用效应控压钻井技术应用效应?Improved ROP and reduced drilling time 改善钻速和减少钻井时间?Improved succe
4、ss with drilling narrow pressure margins 钻井狭窄压力窗口?Reduced wellbore breathing,influxes and lost circulation 减少的井筒呼吸，成功应付井侵和失返?Improve reservoir productivity by decreasing amount of over balanced 保护油气层不受破坏?Improved wellbore quality by minimising wellbore collapse 减少井口崩溃 A d v a n t a g e s o f MP D 控压
5、钻井技术应用效应?“Adaptive drilling process used to precisely control the annular pressure profile throughout the wellbore.The objectives are to ascertain the downhole pressure environment limits and to manage the annular hydraulic pressure profile accordingly”.(IADC)Managed Pressure Drilling Definition?“A
6、d a p t i v e d r i l l i n g p r o c e s s u sManaged Pressure Drilling Operations Controlling pressure in the annulus 控制井口压力?Not a new concept?Technique has been used for decades?When used while drilling with conventionally with standard equipment Well control event 井控情况下?Control BHP by applying b
7、ack-pressure at surface 通过地面加回压控制井底压力?Closed-loop(BOP is closed)闭环（防喷器关闭)?Circulation is through a choke 通过节流阀循环 Ma n a g e d P r e s s u r e D r i l l i n g O p e rGeneral Comparison of drilling methods 钻井方法对比钻井方法对比 G e n e r a l C o mp a r i s o n o f d r i l l i n g?Passive MPD(hydrostatic mud we
8、ight always above pore pressure)?被动控压钻井（泥浆静液柱压力总是高于地层压力）?MPD used as a safety system 控压钻井作为一种安全体系?Rotating Control Device(RCD)旋转控制设备?Manual Choke(Rig Choke for US land wells)手动节流设备（用于美国陆上井的节流设备）?Active MPD(hydrostatic mud weight slightly above or sometimes below pore pressure)?主动控压主动控压（泥浆静液柱稍高于或有时低于
9、地层压力）?MPD being used to walk the line 使用MPD“压线走”?E.g.narrow pore pressure to frac pressure window 如地层压力和破裂压力之间的窗口很窄?RCD with change out system like additional BOPs 增加旋转控制设备?Manual choke with continuous control or automated choke system?手动节流，连续控制或自动节流系统?Back pressure pump system for constant BHP 回压补偿
10、泵，保持井底压力不变 MPD Operations 控压作业控压作业?P a s s i v e MP D (h y d r o s t a t i c mu d?Mud-cap drilling (with under or overbalanced fluid)?泥浆帽钻井（欠或过平衡）?Usually use for fractured limestones or granites?通常用于裂缝性灰岩或花岗岩?Drilling with lost returns?失返钻进?May have partial level in annulus?环空有部分液面 MPD Operations 控
11、压作业控压作业?Mu d-c a p d r i l l i n g (w i t h u n d e控压钻井设备哈里伯顿课件 RCD PLC Controlled DRILLING CHOKE MANIFOLD DRILL CUTTINGS PROCESSING MUD to PITS Mud Pits PUMP ECD equal to or slightly greater than pore pressure Managed Pressure Drilling Basic Overview R C D P L C C o n t r o l l e d D R I L L I N G
12、Hydraulics Modelling Circulating at TD 水力参数模拟 套管鞋处循环模拟 H y d r a u l i c s Mo d e l l i n g C i r c u l aMPD Equipment Major Components?RCD旋转控制头?Autochoke,Control Panel and PLC自动节流管汇,程序逻辑控制器系统?BPP(Back-Pressure Pump)回压泵?Data Acquisition and Control System数据采集系统Drillstring Floats and Subs(NRVs)钻柱止回阀?
13、PWD随钻测压 MP D E q u i p me n t Ma j o r C o mp o n e n旋转控制头 The RCD 5000?旋转控制头 T h e R C D 5 0 0 0?What are RCDs?Rotating Control Devices are annular pressure control tools designed for stripping tubulars in drilling applications.?RCDs complement the Rigs BOP stack.?RCDs do not replace BOP elements!W
14、h a t a r e R C D s?R o t a t i n g C o n t rWhen Should an RCD be Used?The following applications are ideal for RCD use:Managed Pressure Drilling Underbalanced Applications Kick Control?Severe Loss Circulation(Loss/Kick Cycle)?High Pressure Wells?Exploration Wells Wh e n S h o u l d a n R C D b e U
15、 s e d?TLevel 4 Autochoke Skid自动节流管汇 L e v e l 4 A u t o c h o k e S k i d 自动节流管汇 Autochoke Control Display A u t o c h o k e C o n t r o l D i s p l a y Back Pressure Pump 回压泵 B a c k P r e s s u r e P u mp 回压泵 PWD?Downhole Equipment for MPD 止回阀 NRV Float Subs;Non-Ported Floats;Bleed-off tool P WD?
16、D o w n h o l e E q u i p me n t f o r MPMPD Kick Detection and Control?Easy to detect small influx?更容易检测小的井侵 Increase back-pressure immediately and STOP influx 能够立即增加回压,阻止井侵 Continuous data from PWD 能够通过PWD 获得连续的井内数据 Able to accurately determine minimum BHP required 能够精确确定所需的最小井底压力.?Can continue dr
17、illing or circulate while preparing heavier mud?准备重泥浆时,能够继续钻进或循环 MP D K i c k D e t e c t i o n a n d C o n t r o lMPD Loss Detection and Control?Easy to detect small loss?更容易检测到微小漏失 Decrease back-pressure instantly and STOP losses 能够立即减少回压，停止漏失 Continuous data from PWD 能够从PWD中获得连续的井内数据.Able to accu
18、rately determine maximum BHP possible 能够精确确定最大可能的井底压力?Can continue drilling or circulate while preparing lighter mud,or LCM mud 当准备低密度泥浆或者堵漏泥浆时,能够持续钻进或者保持循环?Can keep dropping back-pressure to minimize losses(within operational limits)能够通过降低回压,减少漏失(在操作范围内)MP D L o s s D e t e c t i o n a n d C o n t
19、r o lOnsite MPD Team&Communications Drill Site Supervisor Rig Crew Rig Manager/Toolpusher MPD Supervisor Driller MPD/DAS Engineer PWD Engineer MPD Operators RCD Supervisor O n s i t e MP D T e a m&C o mmu n i c a t i oOperational Procedures 操作程序?Connection 接单根程序?Tripping 起下钻程序?RCD Sealing Element Ch
20、ange Out 旋转控制头密封件更换程序?NRV Bleed Off 止回阀泄压程序 O p e r a t i o n a l P r o c e d u r e s 操作程序?Contingency Procedures 应急程序?Plugged Choke 节流阀和管线堵塞?Plugged Coriolis Meter 流量计堵塞?NRV and Drill String Failures 止回阀或钻柱失效?Emergency Pressure Trapping 紧急境况下加压?Power Failure(but have independent generators,with red
21、undancy)动力失效（控压钻井系统的动力是由独立的发电机提供的，失效情况基本不存在）?Drillers Dog House Guides/emergency instructions 司钻房操作指南?Dynamic MPD Well Control 动态井控?Surface Equipment Failure 地面设备失效 C o n t i n g e n c y P r o c e d u r e s 应急程序?GeoBalance:Optimized Case History North America Challenge Tectonically stressed formatio
22、n,narrow collapse/fracture pressure window,mud loss,stuck pipe.Solution Results ADT analysis of event,Rt-Wellbore Integrity,hydraulics management with constant bottom hole pressure control.Drilled to reservoir with no further problem.Set casing and began Underbalanced Drilling,selling while drilling
23、.G e o B a l a n c e:O p t i mi z e d C a s e H iGeoBalance:Sigma?Service Case History Mexico Challenge Solution Results GeoBalance Specialty Drilling Fluid design,Bottom Hole Pressure control within a given pressure window,Multi-phase drilling fluids with hydraulics management,Sperry LWD/Directiona
24、l.Able to isolate depleted formations and reduced days to drill.Drill depleted reservoir with 2 ppg pressures while minimizing mud losses,differential sticking and reservoir damage.050100150200250300Area 1Area 2Area 3Area 4Area 5Drilling DaysContractor A conventional 10 wellaverageContractor B conventional 10 wellaverage10 well average with GeoBalanceG e o B a l a n c e:S i g ma?S e r v i c e C a s
