1、细节理解细节理解推理判断推理判断猜测词义猜测词义主旨大意主旨大意10%20%10%60%阅读理解考点所占比例阅读理解考点所占比例 题型特点题型特点：推理判断题主要考查学推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解生对文章言外之意的理解.这种题型有一这种题型有一定难度定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系对而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系对整篇文章进行深层理解后才能找到答案整篇文章进行深层理解后才能找到答案.有时甚至还得联系作者的意图有时甚至还得联系作者的意图,态度等弦态度等弦外之音外之音,文外之意加以推理文外之意加以推理,获取作者在获取作者
2、在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度观点等文章中没有直接表述出来的态度观点等立场立场.判断推理题的标志性词汇：(1).实意动词：infer（推论）imply（暗示）suggest，conclude（推理）learn，intend（打算，意图）mean，describe，purpose(目的)(2).表示推测的情态动词：can，could，might，would(3).表示可能性的副词：probably，most likely提问方式：1).It can be inferred from the passage that_.2).The writer/author/passage suggests/i
3、mplies that_.3).Which of the following is TRUE/NOT true?4).Which of the following cant be inferred from the passage?5).From the passage we know/can learn/can conclude that _.6).What the writer really means is_.7).The passage is(intended)to（打算，意图是）_.8).Which of the following might happen later?9).Whi
4、ch of the following would the writer probably agree with?10).Where did this passage most probably appear?11).This passage is a piece of/may be an_.12).How does the author seem to feel about this issue(问题，争论点)?解题技巧解题技巧推理判断题解题技巧特别留心特定细节特别留心特定细节注意作者的语气或态度注意作者的语气或态度注意文章的体裁和出处注意文章的体裁和出处1.1.事实根据事实根据2.2.名字
5、（人名或地点）名字（人名或地点）3.3.数字（日期或统计数字）数字（日期或统计数字）4.4.关键词语的其他表达方法（同义词关键词语的其他表达方法（同义词,近义词，反义词）近义词，反义词）P1:eg:On the other hand,the idea of Park and Ride has been suggested.This means that underground train and city train should be developed quickly.You can leave your cars in car parks nearby subway and bus st
6、ation and then you can ride public transports to go to the city center within minutes-great in wet weather or when youre carrying heavy bags.Park and Ride services can save you a little more time to do something you enjoy.()According to the idea of Park and ride,we can infer the city will have to_A.
7、build more parking lots near subway and bus stops.B.offer more cars to the customers in the city center.C.encourage people not to drive cars to the city.D.ask people not to buy more cars P1:eg:On the other hand,the idea of Park and Ride has been suggested.This means that underground train and city t
8、rain should be developed quickly.You can leave your cars in car parks nearby subway and bus station and then you can ride public transports to go to the city center within minutes-great in wet weather or when youre carrying heavy bags.Park and Ride services can save you a little more time to do some
9、thing you enjoy.()According to the idea of Park and ride,we can infer the city will have to_A.build more parking lots near subway and bus stops.B.offer more cars to the customers in the city center.C.encourage people not to drive cars to the city.D.ask people not to buy more carsA P2:eg:Library Hour
10、sToday:Tuesday 3/15/2016Hours:8:00am-9:00pmWednesday:8:00am-9:00pmThursday:8:00am-9:00pmFriday:8:00am-5:00pmSaturday:closedSunday:1:00pm-8:00pmMonday:8:00am-9:00pm()You can borrow books _ A).at 10:30am on Monday B).at 10:00pm on Thursday C).at 3:30pm on Saturday P2:eg:Library HoursToday:Tuesday 3/15
11、/2016Hours:8:00am-9:00pmWednesday:8:00am-9:00pmThursday:8:00am-9:00pmFriday:8:00am-5:00pmSaturday:closedSunday:1:00pm-8:00pmMonday:8:00am-9:00pm()You can borrow books _ A).at 10:30am on Monday B).at 10:00pm on Thursday C).at 3:30pm on Saturday A 措辞措辞:动词，形容词和副词动词，形容词和副词:推断作者推断作者的态度（肯定或否定，赞成或反对，的态度（肯定
12、或否定，赞成或反对，褒扬或讽刺，喜好或厌恶等等）。褒扬或讽刺，喜好或厌恶等等）。句式句式句子的长度和结构句子的长度和结构:推断作者的语推断作者的语气：（郑重其事气：（郑重其事-轻松活泼，实事求是轻松活泼，实事求是-夸大其词，真挚热忱夸大其词，真挚热忱-冷嘲热讽）冷嘲热讽）技巧点拨1.判断有据，推断有理，忠于原文2.全面分析：不可断章取义3.善于揣摩作者思路 P3:e.g.The school exchange is part of a program which helps students see what life is like in another country.The progra
13、m is calledKnowledge Exchange and it has been running for fifteen years.The leader of kids program,John Watson,believes that it helps students to see what life is like in other countries,and it can also help to stop future problems.()We can learn from the paragraphs that _.A).the programKnowledge Ex
14、change is welcome.B).sending Italian students to England is not easy.C).John Waston was once an exchange student.D).the school exchange will be stopped soon.P3:e.g.The school exchange is part of a program which helps students see what life is like in another country.The program is calledKnowledge Ex
15、change and it has been running for fifteen years.The leader of kids program,John Watson,believes that it helps students to see what life is like in other countries,and it can also help to stop future problems.()We can learn from the paragraphs that _.A).the programKnowledge Exchange is welcome.B).se
16、nding Italian students to England is not easy.C).John Waston was once an exchange student.D).the school exchange will be stopped soon.A()Mrs.Smith treated her little dog quite _.A.cruelly B.fairly C.kindly D.unfriendly P4:eg:It was Monday.Mrs Smiths dog was hungry,but there was not any meat in the h
17、ouse.Considering that there was no better way.Mrs.Smith took a piece of paper,and wrote the following words on it:“Give my dog half a pound of meat.”Then she gave the paper to her dog and said gently:“Take this to the butcher(person whose job is selling meat),and hes going to give you your lunch tod
18、ay.”.()Mrs.Smith treated her little dog quite _.A.cruelly B.fairly C.kindly D.unfriendly P4:eg:It was Monday.Mrs Smiths dog was hungry,but there was not any meat in the house.Considering that there was no better way.Mrs Smith took a piece of paper,and wrote the following words on it:“Give my dog hal
19、f a pound of meat.”Then she gave the paper to her dog and said gently:“Take this to the butcher(person whose job is selling meat),and hes going to give you your lunch today.”.C初中英语初中英语新闻报道新闻报道两种体裁：两种体裁：(1).说明文：说明文：定义，举例，比较，数据定义，举例，比较，数据(2).记叙文：记叙文：重点：时重点：时间，地点，人物，事件，原因，间，地点，人物，事件，原因，结果结果 修辞手法：比喻，比拟，
20、夸张，幽默修辞手法：比喻，比拟，夸张，幽默从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：a.报纸：报纸：日期、地点或通讯社名称日期、地点或通讯社名称b.广告：广告：物品价格，广告词等物品价格，广告词等c.产品说明：产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的使用说明会告知服用称或操作方式，而药品的使用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、药量的时间、次数、药量 P5:eg:(Zhongxin Net)Online education services are mushrooming(兴起兴起)in China.A physics teac
21、her in Nanjing made RMB18842 in an hour for his online course,but local educational authorities are calling for a ban(叫停叫停)on this teaching model.Many students signed up for(报名参加报名参加)Wang Yus tutoring course on high school physics,which is carried online at a cost of RMB9 for each audience member.Th
22、e seven-classes attracted 9479 students in total.With an online portal hosting the course charging 20%of Wangs income,the teacher made an average of RMB18842 PER hour.()This passage is probably _ A.a story B.a note C.a letter D.a news report.P5:eg:(Zhongxin Net)Online education services are mushroom
23、ing(兴起兴起)in China.A physics teacher in Nanjing made RMB18842 in an hour for his online course,but local educational authorities are calling for a ban(叫停叫停)on this teaching model.Many students signed up for(报名参加报名参加)Wang Yus tutoring course on high school physics,which is carried online at a cost of
24、RMB9 for each audience member.The seven-classes attracted 9479 students in total.With an online portal hosting the course charging 20%of Wangs income,the teacher made an average of RMB18842 PER hour.()This passage is probably _ A.a story B.a note C.a letter D.a news report.DP6:eg:Robots seem to be g
25、etting more and more advanced,as these four examples clearly show.Paro is a baby seal(海豹)robot that was designed by Takanori Shibata.Hes used on patients in hospitals and nursing homes.He can respond to sounds,learn a name,and even show emotions such as surprise,happiness and anger.And hes active du
26、ring theday and sleeps at night.()Where does this passage possibly come from?A.A sports newspaper B.A science magazineC.A travel guidebook D.A shopping advertisementP6:eg:Robots seem to be getting more and more advanced,as these four examples clearly show.Paro is a baby seal(海豹)robot that was design
27、ed by Takanori Shibata.Hes used on patients in hospitals and nursing homes.He can respond to sounds,learn a name,and even show emotions such as surprise,happiness and anger.And hes active during theday and sleeps at night.()Where does this passage possibly come from?A.A sports newspaper B.A science
28、magazineC.A travel guidebook D.A shopping advertisementB正确选项的特点正确选项的特点1 1）正确答案一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的）正确答案一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性。综合性和概括性。2 2）正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对，而会）正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对，而会用一些相对能留下一些余地的词汇。用一些相对能留下一些余地的词汇。如：如：oftenoften，usuallyusually，somesome，may,might,can,could,possibly,may,might,can,could,possibly,proba
29、blyprobably等。等。3 3）正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判）正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意断得出的结论相反，要特别注意排除干扰项1.原文信息的简单重复4推理过头，概括过度的片面结论.3.符合常识，但文章中没有信息支持2.主观想象判断，与原文内容不符Exercise While we are still children,most of us live at home with our parents,more or less peacefully.But as we become teenagers,things change,and we beg
30、in to grow apart from our parents.This means we are almost ready to leave the house where we grew up and make a new home of our own.All humans must do this,but they dont all do it in the same way.If,for instance,you belong to a primitive tribe(原始部落原始部落)，then as you grew up,youd learn the skills you
31、needed as an adult-how to catch fish,how to keep the house and look after children.You would be ready to marry in your early teens and you would build a house and live near your family in the village.This seems a very old way of life,but it is what humans have been used to through hundreds of years.
32、And it is what we are still used to in the 21st century,for man hasnt changed in the short time since he became civilized(文明文明的的).But could you leave home and look after yourself during the teen years?Most people would not do very well.Why?Because although man hasnt changed very much,the society he
33、lives in has changed greatly,which means that we have to learn more and more before we are ready to leave our parents shelter(居居所所)and live alone.However,sometimes it is very frustrating to live at parents home.Parents can be very upset about late nights,criticizing friends and always saying that we
34、 are noisy and dirty.But we still need our emotional(情感的情感的)shelter till we finish our studies,and that is why we usually stay in our parents home until we feel grown up enough to deal with living alone.()1.When does the relationship with parents start changing?A.When we are children.B.When we becom
35、e teenagers.C.When we are alone.D.When we get married.()2.For most teenagers of the 21st century,making a new home of their own may be _.A.difficult B.unimportant C.impossible D.quite easyBA()3.Why must we know more to be able to live alone?A.Because we are becoming less talented.B.Because our socie
36、ty has changed a lot.C.Because not enough is taught in our schools.D.Because man has never really been civilized.()4.From the passage,we know living at parents home when we become teenagers _.A.is always pleasant B.must be very exciting C.makes us feel lonely D.may be annoyingBD总之，我们在解答任何种类的推断题时，我们必须记住：A.A.弄清文章的主题思想和文章的脉络弄清文章的主题思想和文章的脉络B.B.记住作者所列举的事实和观点记住作者所列举的事实和观点C.C.紧扣文章中相关的词和句，切勿偏紧扣文章中相关的词和句，切勿偏离主题，千万不可主观臆断。离主题，千万不可主观臆断。Goodbye Thanks for listening!
