1、从句1定语从句宾语从句状语从句一般疑问句目录特殊疑问句2011.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句2.定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后3.被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。例如：I like music that I can dance to.Carmen likes musicians who play diffferent kinds of music.上面两句中的music 和 musicians 是定语从句所修饰的词，叫作先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格 whose)，起联系作用，同时又作定语从
2、句的一个成分。4.关系代词在句子中作宾语时可以省略。定语从句301定语从句关系代词例句that在从句中作主语或者宾语指物或指人I love movies that are funny.(that 作主语）Thats the man that you are looking for.(that作宾语）which在从句中作主语或宾语指物The book which is on the table is mine.(作主语)The story(which)he told was very interesting.(作宾语）who,whom分别在从句中作主语，宾语指人I love singers wh
3、o write thier own musics.(作主语）The person to whom you just spoke is Mr.Li.(作宾语）4021.在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫作宾语从句。2.引导宾语从句的常见关联词有that,if,whether,what,who,which,when,where,why,how等宾语从句关联词例句that(在口语或非正式文体中常省略）I think(that)Halloween is a fun festival.Mary thinks(that)the teams were just fantastic.whether,i
4、f(在口语中常用 if)I wonder if/whether theyll have races again next year.who,what,which,when,where,how,whyCould you please tell me where the restrooms are?Do you know when the bookstore closes today?I asked Candy how life was different after she became famous.Can you tell me who she is?502一、连接词的用法1.宾语从句是陈述
5、句时，用that引导，在口语中that常被省略。如：I know(that)you are a student.2.宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether引导。if,whether意为”是否“Lily wanted to know if here grandma liked the handbag.3.宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，用疑问语who,when,where等引导。He didnt tell me where he was going.Can you tell me what he said just now?二、宾语从句的语序1.陈述句变宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不
6、变。如：She said:”I will leave a message on the desk.”She said she would leave a message on the desk.宾语从句重点602四、宾语从句的一些特殊句式We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it possible that he should finish the work in two days.2.否定转移若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagi
7、ne等，后面的宾语从句含有否定意义，一般要把否定词放在主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定形式。如：I think he wont come here(错）I dont think he will come here.(正确)2,当宾语从句的先行词作主语的时候，从句的语序不变，常用的有who,what等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?The small children dont know what is in their stockings.宾语从句重点702二、宾语从句的语序2.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，也要注意人称和时态
8、的变化，后面接陈述句语序。如：”Where are the tickets?”I asked him.I asked him where the tickets are.三、宾语从句的时态1.主句用现在时，从句可按照实际情况随便用哪一种。如：Do you know what time the ship leaves?Do you know when John was born?2.主句用过去时，从句用过去的某一种时态。如：He said he had a very good journey.He asked if they had come.宾语从句重点802三、宾语从句的时态3.主句用过去时
9、，从句是科学真谛、客观知识、名人名言时用一般现在时。如：He told me that the earth goes around the sun.4.情态动词could/would用于”恳求“表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句不受主句的约束。如：Could you tell me where I can buy a pencil sharpener?5.主句是一般过去时，从句中有详细的过去时间状语，即便从句动作发生在主句动作之前，仍用一般过去时。如：The teacher told me that she was born in 1960.I heard that he went to Paris
10、 last night.四、宾语从句的一些特殊句式1.动词 think,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后it为形式宾语，后跟名词或形容词作宾补，而真实的宾语-that 引导的从句放在句尾。如：宾语从句重点902四、宾语从句的一些特殊句式We think it our duty that we should help others.I find it possible that he should finish the work in two days.2.否定转移若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,ex
11、pect,guess,imagine等，后面的宾语从句含有否定意义，一般要把否定词放在主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定形式。如：I think he wont come here(错）I dont think he will come here.(正确)2,当宾语从句的先行词作主语的时候，从句的语序不变，常用的有who,what等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?The small children dont know what is in their stockings.宾语从句重点1002whether/if 的用法区别：两者引导宾
12、语从句，一般情况可交换，以下除外：1.whether 从句中有or not2.whether 从句做介词宾语3.whether后能够加 or not,可是 if 不可以4.在不定式前只能用 whether。如：I dont know whether to stay.5.防止产生歧异时，常用 whether 而不用 if。因为 if 有如果的意思。宾语从句重点1102在复合句中，用作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、比较、结果、目的和让步等类型。状语从句由从属连词作关联词，从属连词在从句中不充当句子成分。状语从句在主句之前，一般要用逗号隔开，朗读时用升调。状
13、语从句在主句之后，一般不用逗号，朗读时用降调。状语从句类型引导连词例句时间由 when,before,after,as,while,as soon as,since,not.until,whenever 等连词引导As he explored the town,he took a lot of pictures.As soon as he arrived in France,he called me.He has been in Shanghai since he was born.Dont come in until you are called.Whenever Im feeling do
14、wn,my friends will cheer me up.While I was watching TV,the bell rang.1202一、时间状语从句1.常用的连词有 when(当.时候），while(当.时候），before(在.以前），after(在.以后），until(till)（直到.为止），since(自从.以来),as soon as(一.就）等。2.时间状语从句中一般不用将来时，若谈论将来的事情，往往用一般现在时代替。如Ill go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.As soon as he finishes th
15、e work,he will come to see us.二、条件状语从句常用if(假如、如果）No matter(不管）来引导，如果主句是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时来表示将来。如：Ill go for a picnic if it is fine.No matter what he says,I wont believe him.状语从句1302三、原因状语从句1.常由because since,as引导。2.because表示直接的原因，着重点在从句，用于回答why，语气最强，because不能与so连用。since一般表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由，全句中心在主句，
16、语气比because弱，常译为“既然”。as表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱，常译为“由于”。for是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列分句事面，表示一种推理或解释，或用作附加说明，而不是指理由或原因，语气最弱，一般不放在句首，常译为“因为”。如：Because it is raining hard,we wont go hiking.Since you are ill,Ill go alone.I cant go to school as I am ill.You havent met him,for he didnt come here.状语从句1402四、结果状语
17、从句一般由so.that,such.that引导，so与such的区别：1.so+形容+a/an+名词2.such+a/an+形容词+名词3.such+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数4.so+many/much/few/little+形容词+名词如：Its such a heavy box that nobody can move it.Its so heavy a box that nobody can move it.There are so many books in the library.五、目的状语从句往往由 so that 引导，如：Ill speak slowly so th
18、at you can understand me.状语从句1502六、比较状语从句常由as.as,than,not as/so.as等引导，比较从句部分常是省略句。如：Im taller than he(is).Science is not as popular as English.七、让步状语从句由though或although(虽然）等引导，但不能与but同时连用。如：Though it snowed heavily,but they kept on working.(错误）Though it snowed heavily,they kept on working.(正确）1.方式状语从
19、句：常用as if,as though(好像）引导，如：He acted as if(though)nothing had happened.2.地点状语从句：常用where,wherever引导。如：Ill go where work is hard.状语从句1602一、什么是一般疑问句疑问句总共分为4种类型，一般疑问句就是其中之一。在通常情况下，一般疑问句只能用yes或no来回答。一般疑问句也是初中英语教材中核心的语法知识点。二、一般疑问句的结构1、一般疑问句通常以be动词、助动词或情态动词为首，后跟主语，再接句子的相关成分，例：Are you from Beijing?你是来自北京的吗？
20、（are为be动词，you为主语）Do you work in a bank?你在一家银行工作吗？(do为助动词，you为主语)May I borrow your book?我能借你的书用一下吗？（may为情态动词，I为主语）一般疑问句17022、一般疑问句的回答，通常为以下结构：肯定：Yes，主语+提问的be/助动词/情态动词.否定：No，主语+提问的be/助动词/情态动词的否定形式.例句：Are you from JapanYes,I am/No,Im notDo you work in a bank?Yes,I do/No,I dontMay I borrow your book?Yes
21、,you may/No,you mustnt三、肯定句改一般疑问句的规则1.肯定句中有some，就把some变成any。例句：There are some apples on the table.Are there any apples on the table?2.肯定句中有be动词（are/is）就把be动词提到句首。例句：You are a teacher.Are you a teacher?一般疑问句18023.肯定句中有be动词的过去式（was/were），将其提到句首。例句：You were a doctor.Were you a doctor?4.肯定句中有情态动词（can/co
22、uld/will/would/shall/may/must），将其提到句首。例句：I may go home now.May I go home now?5.肯定句中有had better，就把Had提到句首。例句：Id better go now.Had I better go now?6.肯定句中有肯定句中有实义动词原型，就在句首加Do。例句：I work in a bank.Do you work in a bank?7.肯定句中有实义动词三单现，就在句首加Does,实义动词三单现变回实义动词原型。例句：He works in a bank.Does he work in a bank？
23、8.肯定句中有实义动词过去式，就在句首加Did,实义动词过去式变回实义动词原型。例句：He told you.Did he tell you?一般疑问句19029.肯定句是I am，就把I am变成Are you.。例句：I am a Chinese.Are you a Chinese.10.变一般疑问句时，肯定句I was，就把I was变成Were you。例句：I was a teacher.Were you a teacher.一般疑问句2002特殊疑问句是在英语中以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子。常用的疑问词有(特殊疑问词):what、who、whose、which、whe
24、n、where、how、why等。回答特殊疑问句时，不能用yes/no，即问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词用法例句回答when问时间When do you go to school in the morning?at 7amwho谁（问人）Who is the man in black T-shirt?My dad.whose谁的，问主人Whose book is it?It is minewhere在哪里，问地点Where does your grandfather live?He lives in my hometown.which哪一个，问选择Which one is
25、your favourite color?Pinkwhy为什么，问原因Why did you go shopping last weekend?Because I wanted to buy a gift for my mum.what什么，问东西What is it?It is a dog.what time什么时间，问时间What time is it?It is 7am.what color问颜色What color is the ball?It is black.2102特殊疑问句特殊疑问词用法例句回答what about怎么样?问意见What about going for a wa
26、lk after supper?No problem.what day星期几，问星期What day is today?It is Monday.what date什么日期，问具体日期What date is today?it is 14th October.what size多大，问尺寸大小What size shoes do you take?你穿多大的鞋？I take size 38.how.怎么样，问情况How is she today?她今天怎么样了？She feels better today.how old多大问年龄How old is she?She is twelve yea
27、rs old.how many多少问数量How many trees are there in the park?Three.how much多少钱，问价钱How much does it cost?30how about怎么样，问意见How about going for a walk after supper?No problem.how far多远，问路程How far is it from your home to the school?About one kilometer.how long多长，问时间How long does it take to bus station?Abou
28、t half an hour.how soon多快，多久，问时间How soon will you finish your homework?About half an hour.how ofter多久，问频率How often does he go back to visit his grandparest every year?Twice.2202特殊疑问句的基本结构：1.特殊疑问词+助动词+主语+实义动词+其他。例如：What can I do for you today?2.特殊疑问词+谓语动词（组合）+主语+其他？例如：What is your name,please?3.特殊疑问词
29、+助动词+实义动词+其他？例如：What has been offered to the poor homeless children for the coming winter?4.特殊疑问词+谓语动词（组合）+其他？例如：What must be finished first before we go to picnic two days later?综上所述，特殊疑问句运用时要注意选准特殊疑问词、词序、句子的时态（由助动词显示）。特殊疑问句23021.He got to the village his family once lived before liberation.A.thatB
30、.which C.whenD.where2.-Who is the man was talking to our English teacher?-Oh!Its Mr Baker,our maths teacher.A.he B.that C.whom D.which3.I will call you as soon as I the ticket to the football match.A.will getB.getC.got D.am getting4.The teacher told his students that the sun light.A.gave offB.send o
31、utC.gives offD.sent out5 born in Chicago,the author was famous for his stories about New York.A.SinceB.OnceC.WhenD.Although6.I hate the people dont help others when they are in trouble.A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where7.Friends are those make you smile,always open their hearts to you and encourage you to su
32、cceed.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who练习24028.George Mallory was an English school teacher loved climbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which9.Going to work by train is more fun than .A.take a busB.by busC.taking a busD.by a bus10.I want to know if in todays newspaper.A.is there something interesting B.there is interest
33、ing nothingC.is there interesting everything D.there is anything interesting11.Do you know the student?A.whom I often talkB.with who I often talkC.I often talk withD.that I often talk12.After the war,a new school building was put up there had once been a theatre.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where13.The students were all interested you told them yesterday.A.in whichB.in that this C.all that D.in everything14.She was tired she could not move an inch.A.so,thatB.such,that C.very,thatD.so,as练习252 0 2 XThank you!26
