1、中 考 复 习 专 题 句子的种类及复合句H E K O U M I D D L E S C H O O LH E K O U M I D D L E S C H O O LY A O X I N GY A O X I N G句子种类句子种类陈述句陈述句疑问句疑问句祈使句祈使句感叹句感叹句陈述句 陈述句是用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法，有肯定形式和否定形式，一般用降调来朗读，句末用句号。肯定形式否定形式陈述句 主语主语：句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。谓语：谓语：与主语密切相关的动作或状态，是对主语的叙述。用来说明主语“做什么”“
2、是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语由动词来充当。1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成 2、复合谓语：一般由两个部分构成。如：“助动 词+实义动词”“情态动词+实义动词”“系表结构”等。肯定句 变 否定句 1、含有some,something,somebody的肯定句变为否定句时，应把这些词分别改为any,anything,anybody.2、含有always是我肯定句变为否定句时，必须把always换成never.3、含有both,all,everything,everyone(everybody)的肯定句变为否定句时，必须把这些词分别改为neither,none,nothing,no one(no
3、body).4、当陈述句是“I think（认为）/believe（相信）.+宾语从句”时，若否定宾语从句，习惯上要将否定前移到主句的谓语动词think/believe等前。即“I dont think/believe.+宾语从句”。练习1、Emma does her homework every evening.(变为否定句)Emma her homework every evening.2、Cao Hua swims fastest in our group.(变为否定句)Cao Hua fastest in our group.疑问句疑问句 用来表示提问的句子叫作疑问句，句末用问号。疑问
4、句包括一般疑问句、用来表示提问的句子叫作疑问句，句末用问号。疑问句包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种。（一）一般疑问句（一）一般疑问句用法用法例句例句(1)以系动词以系动词be开头的疑问句开头的疑问句Are you a student?你是学生吗？你是学生吗？(2)以助动词开头的疑问句以助动词开头的疑问句Do you speak French?你说法语吗？你说法语吗？(3)以以情态动词情态动词开头的疑问句开头的疑问句Can you dance?你会跳舞吗？你会跳舞吗？（二）特殊疑问句（二）特殊疑问句 用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑
5、问句。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和由疑问词构成的疑问短语。副词和由疑问词构成的疑问短语。引导词引导词用法用法例句例句常用疑常用疑问代词问代词what什么；什么；who谁；谁；whom谁（谁（who的宾格）；的宾格）；w h i c h 哪 个（些）；哪 个（些）；whose谁的；疑问代词可谁的；疑问代词可以提问主语、谓语、表以提问主语、谓语、表语或定语语或定语What are you doing?你在干什么？你在干什么？引导词引导词用法用法例句例句常用疑常用疑问副词问副词when何时；何时；where何地；何地；how怎
6、么；怎么；why为什么为什么Where are you going tomorrow?明天你去明天你去哪儿？哪儿？常用疑常用疑问短语问短语what time什么时刻；什么时刻；how many/much多少；多少；how often多久一次；多久一次；how soon多久；多久；how long多长时间；多长时间；how far多远；多远；how old多大（年龄）；多大（年龄）；how big多大多大How long have you been here?你来你来这儿多久了？这儿多久了？For 10 minutes.十分钟了。十分钟了。（三）选择疑问句（三）选择疑问句 用来在两种或两种以上情
7、况中进行选择的疑问句叫作选择疑问句。用来在两种或两种以上情况中进行选择的疑问句叫作选择疑问句。答语不能用答语不能用Yes/No回答，而应从问句中选择一种情况进行回答。回答，而应从问句中选择一种情况进行回答。用法用法例句例句一般选择疑问句的构成：一般选择疑问句的构成：一般疑问句一般疑问句+or+被选择的被选择的内容内容Are you a teacher or a doctor?你你是一名老师还是一名医生？是一名老师还是一名医生？特殊选择疑问句的构成：特殊选择疑问句的构成：特殊疑问句特殊疑问句+A or B?Which do you like better,tea or coffee?茶和咖啡你更
8、喜欢哪一个？茶和咖啡你更喜欢哪一个？【温馨提示温馨提示】用法用法例句例句(1)疑问部分的主语必须与陈疑问部分的主语必须与陈述部分的主语一致；当陈述部述部分的主语一致；当陈述部分的主语是名词或代词时，疑分的主语是名词或代词时，疑问部分要用相应的人称代词问部分要用相应的人称代词Mr.Black comes from the UK,doesnt he?布莱克先生来自英布莱克先生来自英国，不是吗？国，不是吗？(2)疑问部分要与陈述部分的疑问部分要与陈述部分的时态保持一致时态保持一致Tom went to the cinema yesterday,didnt he?汤姆昨天汤姆昨天去看电影了，不是吗？去
9、看电影了，不是吗？(3)答语是肯定的用答语是肯定的用“Yes”;答答语是否定的用语是否定的用“No”。前否后。前否后肯 的 反 意 疑 问 句肯 的 反 意 疑 问 句 y e s 译 为译 为“不不”，no译为译为“是的是的”Ann didnt come to school last week,did she?安上周没来上学，对吗？安上周没来上学，对吗？No,she didnt.She was ill.是的，她没来。她生病了。是的，她没来。她生病了。（四）反意疑问句（四）反意疑问句 附在陈述句后对陈述内容进行反问的句子叫作反意疑问句，附在陈述句后对陈述内容进行反问的句子叫作反意疑问句，也叫附
10、加疑问句。反意疑问句前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是也叫附加疑问句。反意疑问句前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是简短问句。陈述部分用逗号结尾，反问部分用问号结尾。例如：简短问句。陈述部分用逗号结尾，反问部分用问号结尾。例如：Its a nice day,isnt it?天气不错，不是吗？天气不错，不是吗？基本结构：基本结构：前肯后否；前否后肯前肯后否；前否后肯Q：怎么回答反意疑问句？：怎么回答反意疑问句？【实战练习】1 _ do you know so much about the UFO?I usually get the information by surfing the Internet.AHo
11、w BWhat CWhich DWhere 2I dont think the newlydirected film by Zhao Wei is as interesting as people say，_？Ado you Bisnt it Cis it Ddont you 3People who eat a balanced diet should be healthier than those who only eat biscuits and hamburgers，_？Adont they Bdo they Cshouldnt they Dshould they 4.You have
12、joined the Singing Club，havent you?_I like singing，but I dont have any time AYes，I do BNo，I dont CYes，I have DNo，I havent复合句复合句句子句子结构结构句子种类（结构）句子种类（结构）简单句并列句复合句由一个主语（并列主语）和一个谓语（并列谓语）构成两个及以上简单句由并列连词连接构成由主从句构成（含从句）I like English.I like English,but I dont like Japanese.I think that you like English ver
13、y much.宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句用法用法例句例句引导词1.that2.whether/if3.特殊疑问词（W.H）I think thatI wonder ifI dont know what语序陈述句语序I dont know where he is now.时态1.主句一现，从句遵从实际选择时态。2.主句一过，从句转为相应过去时态。3.从句是真理事实，永远使用一现。I know that Tom is going to leave for Beijing soon.I knew that Tom was going to leave for Beijing soon.My t
14、eacher said that the earth goes around the sun.宾从简化疑问词+不定时I dont know what I should do.=I dont know what to do.随堂小测随堂小测 （宾语从句）（宾语从句）1.-Could you please tell me _?-Sure.Go to the third floor,please.A.which postcards I should takeB.what kind of postcards you haveC.when I should pay for the postcardsD.
15、where I can get some postcards2.I knew that the the sun _ in the east.A.rises B.rose C.will rise D.has risen3.Sue told me that she _ shopping with her sister the next day.A.will go B.would goC.goesD.has gone4.-What did Mary say to you just now,Alan?-She asked _.A.if I could go to the museum with her
16、B.why I am so sad todayC.who I play volleyball with after schoolD.what I will do on the weekend5.He wanted to know _.A.whether he speaks at the meeting B.when the meeting would startC.what hes going to do at the meeting D.where would the meeting be held DABAD定语从句定语从句关系词关系词作用作用先行词先行词例句例句that，who,whom
17、主语，宾语Sb.I know the man who is standing there.that,which主语，宾语Sth.I love music that I can dance to.whose定语Sb/sthI love the house whose windows are big.When（定从完整）时间状语timeI remember the day when you left here.where（定从完整）地点状语 placeThis is the school where my mother works.why（定从完整）原因状语reasonCan you tell m
18、e the reason why you were late this morning?定语从句定语从句三须知：成分、关系词（无what/how）、翻译I love music that/which/I can dance to.I like musicians that/who play different kinds of music.我喜欢我可以跟着跳舞的音乐。我喜欢可以演奏不同种类音乐的音乐家。先行词 关系词 定语从句随堂小测随堂小测 （定语从句）（定语从句）1.Mr.Brown is a teacher _ is strict with all his students.A.whic
19、hB.whoC.whomD.whose 2.-Hey,Anna.Would you like to see TheWhiteStorm with me?-You mean the new police story _ was filmed by Chen Musheng?A.whoB.whatC.whoseD.which3.The book _ I read last night is fantastic.A./B.whatC.whoseD.who 4.We all like the boy _whose name is Tom.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which5.-What
20、 are you doing?-We are talking about the books and writers _ we like.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whomBDACA状语从句状语从句状语从句分类状语从句分类从属连词从属连词例句例句时间状语从句when,while,since,Until,as soon asI was reading books when my mother came in.条件状语从句If,unless,as long asIf it isnt fine,I will stay at home.原因状语从句because,as,sinceBeca
21、use he got up late,he was late.目的状语从句So that,in order that I walked quickly so that I could catch the bus.结果状语从句Sothat,such thatHe was so smart that he worked out the difficult problem.让步状语从句though,although,even though,even ifThough he is old,he is healthy.比较状语从句than,asas,not asasHe is as tall as to
22、m.地点状语从句Where,whereverSit wherever you like.方式状语从句as if,as though(好像)I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.随堂小测随堂小测 （状语从句）（状语从句）1.The students were singing happily _ I passed the school hall.A.whenB.unlessC.thoughD.if2.I still keep taking exercise every day _ I am busy with so many
23、subjects.A.untilB.unlessC.becauseD.though3.-Im afraid e-books might be bad for our eyes.-Hmm,but they will be helpful for us _ we put them to good use.A.as soon asB.as long asC.even though D.so that4.-Lingling,youll feel sleepy tomorrow _ you go to bed early.-OK,Mom.Ill go to bed at once.A.because B.unlessC.thoughD.if5._ it is often cold in the mountains,you need to wear warm clothes.A.ThoughB.UnlessC.AsD.UntilADBBC
