1、中考英语语法复习中考英语语法复习 考点一考点一被动语态的概念与构成被动语态的概念与构成1.概念语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句子主语和谓语动词之间的关系。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。2.各种时态被动语态的构成时态被动语态构成例句一般现在时 is/am/are+doneThe classroom is cleaned every day.教室每天被打扫。一般过去时was/were+doneThe dumplings were made yesterday.饺子是昨天包的。现在进行时is/am/are+being+doneThe room is being cl
2、eaned now.现在房间正在被打扫。过去进行时was/were+being+doneThe car was being repaired then.那时这辆小汽车正在被修理。现在完成时have/has+been+doneMy key hasnt been found yet.我的钥匙还没有找到。过去完成时had+been+doneThe two roads had been built by the end of last month.到上个月末为止，两条公路被建成了。一般将来时shall/will+be+doneA new hospital will be built next year
3、.明年将建一所新医院。过去将来时should/would+be+doneMike said a new film would be shown.迈克说一部新电影将上映。含有情态动词情态动词+be+doneThe work must be finished on time.必须按时完成这项工作。对点集训根据被动语态的用法，用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Tea _(bring)to Korea during the 6th and 7th centuries.2.Every day,too much water _(waste)in our school.We should save it.3.A
4、 lot of trees _(plant)on the hill next month.4.I think I should _(allow)to make decisions for myself.was broughtis wastedwill be plantedbe allowed5.People who _(invite)to the party are very excited.6.The plan _(discuss)at the meeting now.have been invitedis being discussed 考点二考点二被动语态的用法被动语态的用法1.不知道或
5、没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some new computers were stolen last night.昨晚一些新电脑被偷了。2.强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。The homework must be handed in on time.作业必须按时交上来。3.说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。常用句型：It is said that.据说It is reported that.据报道It is hoped that.希望It is believed that.人们相信4.当动作的执行者有较长的修饰语时，需要用被动语态。The plan was suppo
6、rted by those who lived far away from the factory.那个计划得到了那些住得离工厂远的人们的支持。对点集训根据汉语意思完成下列句子。1.这项工作必须马上做了。The work _ _ _ at once.2.那些信刚寄出去了。The letters _ _ just now.3.据说这个人非常有钱。It is _ _ the man is very wealthy.must be done were sent said that4.她告诉我说她的手表正在修。She told me that her watch _ _ _.5.人们相信健康重于财富。
7、It is _ _ health is above wealth.6.他说会议将于下周举行。He said that the meeting _ _ _ next week.was being repaired believed that would be held 考点三考点三主动语态转化为被动语态的主动语态转化为被动语态的方法方法1.基本句式“主语+谓语+宾语”的转换主动句变为被动句的步骤一般分三步：a.将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；b.将谓语动词由主动形式改为被动形式“be+过去分词”；c.将主动句的主语改为被动句中介词 by 的宾语（by 短语有时可以省去）。2.句式“主语+谓语+间
8、接宾语+直接宾语”的转换含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，有两种方式：a.可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，直接宾语不变。My grandma gave me a present yesterday.I was given a present(by my grandma)yesterday.b.也可以将直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这时，应在间接宾语前加介词 to 或 for。My father bought me a new computer.A new computer was bought for me(by my father).小贴士：一般来说，间接宾语前带 to 的动词有 bring,g
9、ive,hand,send,teach,show,tell,offer,pass,take,sell,lend 等；间接宾语前带 for 的动词有 buy,cook,make,save,get 等。3.句式“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的转换含有宾语补足语的主动句变为被动句时，可将其宾语变为被动结构的主语，宾语补足语留在原处作主语的补足语。The man painted the door green yesterday.The door was painted green yesterday.4.祈使句的转换肯定祈使句变为被动句时，用“Let+宾语+be+过去分词”句式；否定祈使句变为被动句
10、时，用“Dont let+宾语+be+过去分词”句式。Keep the book on the desk.Let the book be kept on the desk.Dont put the knife here.Dont let the knife be put here.对点集训将下列句子变为被动语态。1.She can finish the work in an hour.The work _ _ _ by her in an hour.2.Jack broke a cup yesterday.A cup _ _ by Jack yesterday.3.He gives a pre
11、sent to me today.A present _ _ _ me by him today.can be finished was broken is given to 4.Mary would return the book soon.The book _ _ _ by Mary soon.5.They have built a bridge over the river.A bridge _ _ _ over the river by them.6.My father is watering the flowers in the garden.The flowers _ _ _ by
12、 my father in the garden.would be returned has been built are being watered 考点四考点四被动语态的几种特殊情况被动语态的几种特殊情况1.make,see,watch,hear,notice,feel 等使役动词和感官动词在主动语态中与省略 to 的动词不定式连用，但变为被动语态时，必须还原 to。I often see the old man run in the morning.我经常看到这位老人在早上跑步。The old man is often seen to run in the morning.这位老人经常被
13、看见在早上跑步。2.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应视为一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。I can take good care of the little dog.我可以照顾好这条小狗。The little dog can be taken good care of(by me).这条小狗可以被（我）照顾得很好。对点集训将下列句子变为被动语态。1.I bought my best friend a new dress.A new dress _ _ _ my best friend.2.She tells me to wait at the school gate.I _ _ _
14、 wait at the school gate.3.We are carrying out the task.The task _ _ _ _ by us.was bought for am told to is being carried out4.We saw a stranger enter the office.A stranger _ _ _ enter the office.5.Will they ask me to make a report next Monday?Will I _ _ _ make a report next Monday?6.You can borrow
15、all kinds of books from the library.All kinds of books _ _ _ _ the library.was seen to be asked to can be borrowed from 考点五考点五主动语态表被动意义的几种主动语态表被动意义的几种情况情况1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见的动词有：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash,drive,keep等。The books sell well.这些书销售得很好。2.连系动词如 smell,taste,feel,sound,p
16、rove 等，可以用主动形式表示被动意义。The apples taste nice.苹果尝起来很好吃。3.不定式在某些形容词之后，如 easy,difficult,hard,impossible 之后，与主语有动宾关系。The question is difficult to answer.这个问题是很难回答的。4.“have/get+宾语+过去分词”这个结构也表达了一种被动的意思。Ill have the bike repaired soon.我将尽快请人修理这辆自行车。5.作实义动词的 need,want,require 表示“需要”，接动名词时表达被动的意思，其含义相当于动词不定式的被
17、动形式。Your vegetables need watering(to be watered).你的蔬菜需要浇水了。6.表示开始、结束类的动词如 start,begin,open,close,finish,stop,end 等，可以用主动形式表示被动意义。Classes begin at half past eight.八点半开始上课。7.形容词 worth 后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。The museum is worth visiting.那个博物馆值得参观。对点集训用所给单词的适当形式填空。1.Good medicine _(taste)bitter to the mouth.2
18、.I had my shoes _(mend)just now.3.The article is easy _(understand).4.The meeting _(begin)at nine oclock this morning.tastesmendedto understandbegan5.The book is really worth _(read).6.This kind of book _(sell)well.readingsells 考点六考点六被动语态与系表结构的区别被动语态与系表结构的区别1.被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表示状态或情况。The shop is closed
19、 at six oclock in the afternoon.这家商店下午6点关门。（表示动作）The shop is closed today.这家商店今天不开门。（表示状态）2.被动语态可以用于进行时，而系表结构多用于一般现在时或一般过去时。The bridge is being painted.这座桥正在被油漆。The bridge is painted.那座桥已经油漆完了。3.被动语态可以由介词 by 引出动作的执行者，而系表结构常跟其他介词。I was interested by the story.这个故事使我感兴趣。I was interested in computer st
20、udies.我对电脑课感兴趣。4.系表结构可以用 very,so,quite,too,rather,more,most 等词修饰，而被动语态可以用 greatly,widely 等词修饰。I was not so satisfied with what you did.我对你做的不是很满意。I was greatly moved by this moving story.我被这个感人的故事深深感动了。5.谓语动词带有时间、地点或方式状语时，多半是被动语态。The window was broken yesterday.这个窗户是昨天被打破的。6.被动语态常由“be+过去分词”构成，而系表结构除
21、了用 be 之外，还可以用其他连系动词。He became interested in English.他开始对英语感兴趣了。对点集训翻译下列句子。1.这家超市下午5点关门。_2.这把雨伞修好了。_The supermarket is closed at five oclock in the afternoon.The umbrella is mended/repaired.3.她说的话使他感兴趣。_4.肥皂在我们日常生活中广泛使用。_He was interested by what she said.Soap is widely used in our daily lives.5.那辆小汽车是昨天晚上被偷的。_6.我开始对所有的科目感兴趣了。_The car was stolen last night.I became interested in all my subjects.
