1、阅读理解专题阅读理解专题:题型技巧全攻略（上）题型技巧全攻略（上）阅读理解专题阅读理解专题:题型技巧全攻略（上）题型技巧全攻略（上）03四大文体识别02目录目录 CONTENTS四种题型解题技巧01长难句速读大法：四朵金花划括号0501长难句分析I n t e n s i v e R e a d i n gStructure读句子始于断句读句子始于断句子子大脑是一小截一小截处理信息大脑是一小截一小截处理信息的的 句子句子=主干主干+修饰部修饰部分分 看主干非常容易，因为基本结构看主干非常容易，因为基本结构中中英文是一样英文是一样的的主谓I come.主谓宾 主谓宾宾主谓宾补 主系表 I lov
2、e you.I give you my heart.You make me happy.You are my everything.赤赤道道以以北北，菲菲迷迷最最美美而修饰而修饰修饰之四朵金修饰之四朵金花花遇到四朵金花，就括起遇到四朵金花，就括起来来介词短语介词短语：介词介词+名名词词从从句句引导词引导词+句句子子非谓语结构非谓语结构：toto do do doindoing g donedone 时间状时间状语语1.Candy is a teacher teaching English in Luoyang which is a very beautiful city.主干部分直接翻主干部分
3、直接翻 遇见金花划括号遇见金花划括号 一截一截往下顺一截一截往下顺2.I come to your city,walking along your little street,imaging during the days without me how lonely you have been,holding the photo given by you,in which there is the little street.3.（2019.天 津）Two teachers who worked for the countrys Department of Education arrived
4、to help out and two foreign visitors were also touched（感动）by the childrens actions.主干部分直接翻主干部分直接翻 遇见金花划括号遇见金花划括号 一截一截往下顺一截一截往下顺美主干部分直接翻主干部分直接翻 遇见金花划括号遇见金花划括号 一截一截往下顺一截一截往下顺01020020推断题难点推断题难点考频考频 10%1细节题难点细节题难点考频考频 70%难度难度 难度难度 3猜词题难点猜词题难点考考频频10%难度难度 04主旨题难点主旨题难点考考频频10%难度难度 中考阅读一共有中考阅读一共有四种题型四种题型，每种做
5、题方法都不同！每种做题方法都不同！题干细节题（常出现于A,B篇）选项细节题（常出现于C,D篇）第一类：细节题划关键词，划关键词，连连看连连看选项细节题Which of the following is(NOT)true according to the passage?细节题第一步：划关键词特大名动写字间（特殊符号，名词，动词，大写，数字，时间）第二步：定位奇葩定位法；多词定位法；重点高频词定位法；换词定位法找奇葩法（定位法）EVERYDAY since March 8,people all over the world are repeatedly asking the same quest
6、ion:Where did Malaysia Airlines Flight MH370 go?It turns out to be the saddest answer.A.239C.393B.154D.85On March 24,Malaysian Prime Minister(总理)Najib Razak announced that the plane ended in the southern Indian Ocean.All 239 people on board,including 154 Chinese,died.The conclusion was based on sate
7、llite(卫星)data from the British Air Accidents Investigation Branch and Inmarsat,a Britain based satellite company.No debris(残骸)of the plane had been found.The news sent people,especially families of passengers(乘客),into deep sorrow.They are asking for more details about the investigation.China has alr
8、eady asked Malaysia to provide(提供)all the information and evidence(证据)leading to theconclusion,said Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei.He said China would continue with their search effort.We hope that other countries will also continue their search,Hong said.（1）There were foreign people on
9、 board except Chinese.特特殊符号殊符号大写大写字母字母数数字字时时间间特大名动写字间，转折和中文注释特大名动写字间，转折和中文注释0020推断题难点推断题难点考频考频 10%1细节题难点细节题难点考频考频 70%难度难度 难度难度 3猜词题难点猜词题难点考频考频10%难度难度 04主旨题难点主旨题难点考频考频10%难度难度 中考阅读一共有中考阅读一共有四种题型四种题型，每种做题方法都不同！每种做题方法都不同！It can be inferred from the text that.When the writer talks about，what the writer r
10、eally means is.The writer suggests that.The story implies/indicates that.We can infer/conclude from the passage that.推断题标志推断题标志思考：答案是否等于原文？思考：答案是否等于原文？基于原文，不等同于原文。基于原文，不等同于原文。一步有效推理；不能过度推断一步有效推理；不能过度推断推断题推断题Candy不是男的，由此可以推出？A.Candy 是女的B.Candy 不可能是男的 C.Candy 是个胖女的等同原文等同原文过度推断过度推断D.Candy 今天吃了十串涮毛肚 无中生
11、有无中生有一步有效推理你以为你是鲁迅么？3Unfortunately,many of these peoples dreams never become reality.Nagesh Kapur推断题推断题Nagesh Kapur,from Delhi,India,describes what is happening there.“Delhi has grown too quickly.With our rising population,we need clean water,more roads,new schools and houses.But not enough money ha
12、s been spent on making the city a better place to live.Without these things,people will become sick and the city will become a dangerous place.”It can be inferred from the text that A.Nagesh Kapur is very poor.B.People in Delhi need clean water,more roads,new schools and houses.C.The city Delhi has
13、become a dangerous place.D.Clean water,new schools and houses are not enough for people in Delhi.过度推断过度推断无中生有无中生有等同原文等同原文赤道以北，菲迷最美根据常规出题套路，教你如何大概率判断？根据常规出题套路，教你如何大概率判断？-拿正确选项去验证拿正确选项去验证过度推断，以偏概全过度推断，以偏概全与三观不符合与三观不符合黑白颠倒黑白颠倒0020推断题难点推断题难点考频考频 10%1细节题难点细节题难点考频考频 70%难度难度 难度难度 3猜词题难点猜词题难点考频考频10%难度难度 04主
14、旨题难点主旨题难点考频考频10%难度难度 中考阅读一共有中考阅读一共有四种题型四种题型，每种做题方法都不同！每种做题方法都不同！阅读理解专题阅读理解专题:题型技巧全攻略（下）题型技巧全攻略（下）就词猜词，必死无疑第三类：猜词题一定要通过前后句，上下文。代词主要看上文猜词题技巧1.代入关键词看搭配2.通过因果、同义反义词以及定义或释义3.通过形容词副词感情色彩4.词根词缀猜词法S e e i n g a v o l c a n o e r u p t(喷发喷发)i s a w o n d e r f u l e x p e r ie n c e,a n d y o u c a n r e a l
15、ly f e e l t h e h e a t b y climbing to the summit of Pacaya for a close-up view.58.The word“summit”appears several times in the passage.It means.A.remained,cooled rocks along the pathB.loud sound and terrible smell in the airC.the most exciting happening in a placeD.the top point of a mountain or
16、hill动宾搭配动宾搭配1.通过因果关系猜词because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore同义词 and,or反义词 but,however,while(然而)14个否定词：no,no any,never,little,few,nobody,no one,nothing,none,never,seldom,hardly，tooto except(除了没有了)与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语He is so is so homelyhomely，not at allnot at all asas handsome as
17、hishandsome as his brother.brother.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义is,or(或者),that is(也就是说),in other words,be called破折号等57.What does the word“obsession”“obsession”in Paragraph 3 mean?A.一个直白而不可避免的事实 B.一个令人满意而骄傲的状态 C.一种有潜力而被广泛运用的方法D.固执而无理的痴迷状态3.通过形容词副词等感情色彩解题 According to James,this obsessionobsession with g e t t i n g
18、 t o p m a r k s h a s b e e n a b a d development,which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money.主旨题(1)Which is the best title of the passage?(2)Which of the following is this passage about?(3)In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.(4)The passage tells us that_.
19、(5)This passage mainly talks about_.有小标题的，直接看第一个小标题的前面那句话一上来第一段有问题的，一定是奔着主题去问的 1.划关键词关键词（高频词 转折词 中文注释）2.看首尾段 即关键句关键句（每段段首、小标题、加粗字体 等）3.反推法（A，B，C，D带进去一个个推）第四类：主旨题应用文 其他题材赤道以北，菲迷最美Homework is your teachers waents understand the lessons inclass.As a student,you alwaysy of evaluating(评估)how much studhav
20、e too much homework,but you have to finish it.Here are a fewtips to make homework less.Make a homework plan.First,write the task down in your notebook.If you forget it，please ask theteachers again.Second,use any extra time in school to work on your homework.Watch where you work.Finto put your school
21、 things on it.d a table at home which doesnt neeYoud better not do it before a compud to be very large,just big enough ter or on your comfortable bed.Itshard for you to concentrate on(集中精力于)your homework.Get to work.When you starrdest problems first.Later,whenyou feel tired,you can do the st your ho
22、mework at home,do the haimple ones.Dont spend too much time on a difficult problem.You canask an adult or an elder family member for help,or call or email a classmate for advice.Have a rest.Having a 15mcheck it over.Be sure to put it sinute rest every hour is good for youafely away in your backpack.
23、Now y.After you finish your homework,oure free to play outside.假装看不假装看不见见假装看不假装看不见见假装看不假装看不见见假装看不假装看不见见（5）Whats the best title for this passage?A.Where to do your homeworkB.The importance of homeworkC.The teachers and your homeworkD.How to make your homework less0302记叙文速读技巧（2020.长春）Manypeopledreamof
24、goingonachallengingtravel.Mostofthemkeepdreaming；others makeithappen.GreggBleakneydreamedofgoingbikeridingfromNorthAmericatoSouth Americaafterfinishingapleasantbikeride.SodidGreggsfriend,BrooksAllen.Topayforthetrip,thetwofriendsworkedforyears.Whentheywereontheroad,they oftencampedoutdoorsorstayedinc
25、heaphotels.Inmanyplaces,localpeopleopenedtheir homestothetwofriendsandgavethemfood.时间，地点，人物，事情时间，地点，人物，事情Duringtheirtrip,GreggandBrooksrodethroughdeserts,rainforestsandmountains.They visitedmoderncitiesandancientbuildings.Onthewaytheymetotherbicyclistsfromallover theworld.BrookshadtoreturntotheUSAne
26、arthebottomofSouthAmericaandGre gg continuedwithouthim.InMay 2007，Greggfinallyreachedhisgoal.Hetraveledtwelve countriesandfinishedthe 30，500-kilometertrip.GreggandBrookskeptarecordoftheirtripsinablog.Thetripstaughtbothmenalot abouttraveling.HereissomeofGreggsadvice：Travellight.Thelessbaggage（行 李）you
27、have,thelessyoullworryabout.Beflexible Dontplaneverything.Alwaysbereadyforsomethingunexpected.Thenyoullbe morerelaxedandhappy,evenwhentherearechallengesalongtheway.Bepolite.AsonetravelertoldGregg,Alwaysrememberthatnobodywantstofightorcheata niceperson.Anything worth doing requires time,energy and ac
28、tion.Thereisnoexception.Ifyouhold ontoyourdream,youcanmakeitlikeGreggandBrooksandhavefunwhileyoureatit.（1）HowdidGreggandBrookstravelfromNorthAmericatoSouthAmerica？A.Bybike.B.Onfoot.C.Bybus.D.Bycar.（2）Whydidthetwofriendsworkforyearsbeforetheirtrip？A.Becausetheywantedtobuynewcars.B.Becausetheywantedto
29、getexperience.C.Becausetheywantedtomakemoneyforthetrip.D.Becausetheywantedtomakemorefriends.（3）WhathappenedduringthetriptoSouthAmerica？A.GreggandBrooksoftenstayedinexpensivehotels.B.BrookshadtoreturntotheUSAwheninNorthAmerica.C.BothBrooksandGreggfinishedthe 30，500kilometertrip.D.GreggandBrooksmetoth
30、erbicyclistsfromallovertheworld.（5）Whatsthepurposeofthewriterinthispassage？A.TointroduceacountryinSouthAmerica.B.Tohelppeoplelearntomakeatravelplan.C.Toencouragepeopletoachievetheirdreams.D.Toshowthefriendshipbetweenthetwobicyclist.应用文速读技巧Fiveinterestingsports OurmostunusualsportsfromaroundtheworldE
31、verycountryhasanationalsportandsomepopularsportsarenowplayedacrosstheworld.However,inmostcountries,peoplealsoplayunusualsports,withstrangeorinteresti ngrules.Hereareourtopfiveunusualsportsfromaroundtheplanet.ManVs.HorseMarathonThisracetakesplaceinasmalltowninWales,about 200 milesfromLondon.Itsc alle
32、damarathon（马拉松），butitsactually 35.4 km,not 42.2 kmlikeausualmarathon.Peopleraceagainsthor sesacrossthehillsandmountains.Itstartedin 1981，butahumandidnotwinuntil 2004CamelWrestlingInTurkey,camel（骆驼）wrestlingisaveryoldsport.Thelargestcamelwrestlingcompetitiontakesplaceeveryyearandthousandsofpeoplecome
33、.Inthesport,twocamelsfightagainsteachother.Sometimesthecam elsdonotwanttofightandtheyrunthroughthecrowds,whichcanbedangerous.DragonBoatRacingEveryyearinChina,thousandsofpeoplewatchdragonboatraces.AdragonboatisatraditionalChineseboatwithapainteddragonsheadononeend.Therecanbeupto 36 peopleormoreracing
34、ineachboatinthewater.DragonboatracingisalsopopularinsomeotherAsiancountries.ChessBoxingAgoodchessboxerneedstobebothstrongandsmart.Playersplayaroundo fchess,followedbyaroundofboxing.Thereareelevenroundsintotal.C h e s s b o x in g w a s in v e n te d in 1992 byanEnglishcomicbookwriter.Thesportismore
35、popularinEnglandandGermany.（1）WhatcanwelearnaboutManvs.HorseMarathon？A Itisanoutdoorsport.B Itfirstappeared 16 yearsago.C Nohumanhaseverwonthegame.D Itfollowstherulesofausualmarathon.（2）WhichofthefollowingismentionedaboutCamelWrestling？A Itshouldbestopped.B Itsworthseeing.Itsunfairtotheanimals.D Its
36、sometimesdangeroustowatch.3）Howmanysportshaveanimalsasplayers？A1 C3B2 D4（4）WhichsportispopularinAsia？A Manvs.HorseMarathon.C CaberToss.B DragonBoatRacing.D ChessBoxing.03议论文速读技巧Shopping used to mean actually going to shops,but nowadays,you can shop without even leaving your house.Just sit in front o
37、f your computer,click your mouse and your things will be sent to your house in a couple of days.November 11th is a big day for people who like shopping online.On that day last year,many online stores offered a big discount and free delivery service.The biggest online shopping sites in China,T and T,
38、sold things worth 19.1 billion yuan in total.“Goods online are often much cheaper.It also saves me a lot of time.And we often have more goods on many online stores than in shopping malls,”Wang Xin,an online shopping lover in Beijing,said to China Daily.She stayed up very late for a lot of cheap good
39、s online.She spent several thousand that day.Another big advantage of online shopping is that it helps people get things from different cities,even different countries,with ease.“I like eating duck neck very much and I often buy it on Taobao from shops in Wuhan.Its much more delicious than whatour l
40、ocal(当地的)stores sell,but cheaper,”said Zang Xin,a girl in Yangzhou.While enjoying online shopping,many people also have worries,especially for middle school student buyers.Young students are easily attracted by advertisements on the Internet and buy things they dont need.“Middle school students shou
41、ld pay more attention to their study.Searching for things wastes their time,”said Jing Chunling,an education expert.“Besides,online shop owners have no idea of the ages of their buyers.Anyone can easily buy things that they want to.Some of goods are even bad for young students such as cigarettes and
42、 wine.”（1）Nowadays many people like shopping online instead of .A.clicking their mouseC.sitting in front of their computersB.paying moneyD.going to shops（2）What does the underlined phrase“with ease”mean?A.轻松地B.困难地C.便宜地D.昂贵地（3）According to the article,which of the following is not an advantage of sho
43、pping online?A.It can save people time and money.B.Online stores have better quality goods.C.People can buy things from different places.D.Online stores may have more kinds of goods.（4）People worry about students shopping online because students .A.have no time to waste and are easily attracted to b
44、uy bad thingsB.may depend too much on online shoppingC.havent met the online store ownersD.may buy nothing with a lot of money（5）The article is mainly about.A.how to buy good products onlineB.how to find good online storesC.advantages and disadvantages of online shoppingD.dangers of shopping online
45、for students04These days，teenagers are heavily influenced by the media Many of them have watched thousands of hours of TV Thats more time than they spend with teachers at school And we havent yet considered the hours they spend using the Internet and reading newspapersHowever，several studies have sh
46、own a serious problem：todays teenagers lack media literacy（媒体素养）In other words.they have difficulty critically thinking about the information they see One study that was done on middle school students showed that more than 80 percent of them couldnt tell the difference between real stories and ads t
47、hat looked like newsStandford professor Kevin John teaches a class called Media Effects He tries to help his students learn media literacy The professor gave an example that shows why media literacy is important In the couple，two news stations report a snowstorm One focuses on（关 注）the terrible road
48、conditions The other focuses on kids playing in the snowWith a news story，news stations tell you what they feel are the important details（细节）These details mostly depend on the opinions of the news director，said JohnA person who has media literacy would realize that each story is about one side at th
49、is time There is more going onSome experts think school is the best place to teach media literacy Other believeeveryone一from parents to reporters 一should help teenagers learn the skillsAs for the best time to start learning media literacy，many experts suggest the age of 12 But some basic ideas can b
50、e taught even earlier Is never too early to start learning media literacy，John said（1）The main idea of the passage is Ahow to develop teenager media literacyB where teenagers should be taught media literacy C why teenagers are supposed to have media literacyMobile phones help us easily find people a
