1、英语语态（一）英语语态（一）语态语态英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(The Active Voice)被动语态(The Passive Voice)语态语态 A.主动语态主动语态(The Active Voice)表示主语是动作的执行者。We finished the work.B.被动语态被动语态(The Passive Voice)表示主语是动作的承受着。The work was finished by us.注：注：后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态。后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态。被动语态：由助动词被动语态：由助动词be+V p.p（动词过去分词）构成（动词过去分词）构成1）时态通过）时态通
2、过be表现，表现，be 动词随时态、人称的动词随时态、人称的 变化而变化，如：变化而变化，如：am/is/are+V(过去分词）过去分词）was/were+V(过去分词）过去分词）will be+V(过去分词）过去分词）被动语态被动语态被动语态：由助动词被动语态：由助动词be+V p.p（动词过去分词）构成（动词过去分词）构成2）过去分词的变化规则：）过去分词的变化规则：a.规则动词的过去分词：规则动词的过去分词：a)一般情况在动词原形后加一般情况在动词原形后加-ed play-playedb)以不发音以不发音e结尾的加结尾的加-d practice-practicedc)以辅音加以辅音加y结
3、尾的，去结尾的，去y变变i加加-ed study-studiedd)以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写 该辅音字母，再加该辅音字母，再加-ed stop-stoppedb.b.不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词 （多记，多累积）（多记，多累积）amisarebeenhavehashaddodonewritewrittengogone被动语态：由助动词被动语态：由助动词be+V p.p（动词过去分词）构成（动词过去分词）构成2）过去分词的变化规则：）过去分词的变化规则：被动语态被动语态They plant trees in sp
4、ring.主谓宾(受动者)Treesare plantedby them被动语态的转换in spring.被动语态被动语态Tom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)The room will be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.被动语态的转换被动语态被动语态His brother washes hands every day.主主谓谓宾宾(受动者受动者)Hands are washed byhis brother every day.被动语态的转换主动语态变被动语态口诀：主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，宾语提前主语变，原
5、主变宾原主变宾by后见，后见，时态人称时态人称be关键。关键。被动语态被动语态1.They make shoes in that factory.主语主语 及动及动 宾语宾语Shoes are made (by them)in that factory.一般现在时：一般现在时：S(主语）主语）+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词2.They bought a car last year A car was bought (by them)last year.一般过去时：一般过去时：S(主语）主语）+was/were+过去分词过去分词3Tina can take care of Gina G
6、ina can be taken care of by Tina.情态动词：情态动词：S(主语）主语）+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成(一）一）1)一般现在时：一般现在时：You are asked to do this.2)一般过去时：一般过去时：The story was told by her.3)情态动词：情态动词：The work can be finished smoothly.时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般现在时一般现在时V(原形原形)/V(e)sam/is/are+Vp.p.一般过去时一般
7、过去时V-edwas/were+Vp.p.情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词+V(原形原形)情态动词情态动词+be+Vp.p.各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成(一）一）被动语态被动语态英语语态（二）英语语态（二）主动语态变被动语态口诀：主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，宾语提前主语变，原主变宾原主变宾by后见，后见，时态人称时态人称be关键。关键。被动语态被动语态各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般过去时：情态动词：情态动词：一般将来时：一般将来时：现在进行时：现在进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去进行时：过去进行时：S+am/
8、is/are+P.P.S+was/were+P.P.S+can/may/must/should+be+P.P.S+will+be+P.P.S+am/is/are+being+P.P.S+have/has+been+P.P.S+was/were+being+P.P.They will finish the work in ten days.The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：一般将来时：S+will+be+过去分词过去分词 The workers are painting the rooms nowThe rooms are b
9、eing painted by the workers now.现在进行时：现在进行时：S+am/is/are+being+过去分词过去分词We have made forty keysForty keys have been made by us.现在完成时：现在完成时：S+have/has+been+过去分词过去分词I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night My homework was being done(by me)at 8:00 last night.过去进行时：过去进行时：S+was/were+being+过去分词过去分词1.行为主体不
10、明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作 的执行者时。的执行者时。Football is played all over the world 全世界都踢足球。全世界都踢足球。2.不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。My bike was stolen 我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？3.汉语中含有汉语中含有“据说据说”、“据悉据悉”、“有人有人说说”、“大家说大家说”等时。等时。It is said that he falls in love with her.It was
11、 reported that she died of SARS.众所周知众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说据推测说 It is supposed that 何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？4.汉语中含有汉语中含有“被被”、“由由”等词时。等词时。Tina is asked to come by David Tina是被是被David叫来的。叫来的。5.某些句子习惯上用被动语态。某些句子习惯上用被动语态。He was born in October，2019 何时使用被动语态呢？何时使用被动语态呢？不可用被动语态的情况不可用被动语态的情况1.某些表示状态或关系
12、的及物动词某些表示状态或关系的及物动词 常见常见:cost（花费）（花费）,become（适合）（适合）have（有）（有）,hold（容纳）（容纳）lack（缺乏）（缺乏）,last（维持）（维持）possess（拥有）（拥有）,equal（等于）（等于）contain（包括）（包括）,own（占有）（占有）belong to（属于）（属于）,consist of（包含）等（包含）等 The newly built school holds 3,000 people.新建的学校容纳新建的学校容纳3000人。人。2.反身代词或相互代词作宾语的主动句通常反身代词或相互代词作宾语的主动句通常 无被
13、动结构。无被动结构。The doctor dedicated himself to finding a cure for the disease.这位医生一生致力于发现治疗这种疾病的方法这位医生一生致力于发现治疗这种疾病的方法 They could hardly see each other in the darkness.在黑暗中他们彼此几乎看不见对方。在黑暗中他们彼此几乎看不见对方。不可用被动语态的情况不可用被动语态的情况1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students c
14、lean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.are usedarecleaned变被动语态变被动语态3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was found was told变被动语态变被动语态5.His
15、 doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.was made to have can be used变被动语态变被动语态7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work tod
16、ay?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished变被动语态变被动语态9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.we were given were given to us变被动语态变被动语态10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the co
17、mputer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.was asked is done变被动语态变被动语态12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.can be mended must be tak
18、en变被动语态变被动语态14.The students study German in this school.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _?is studiedIs talked by them变被动语态变被动语态1)Teenagers should _ (allow)to go out at night.2)The telephone _ (invent)by Bell.3)English _ (speak)in China.4)The car _ (make)in China.5)The room must _ (clean)every day.be allowedwas inventedis spoken is madebe cleaned变被动语态变被动语态
