1、中考英语句子成分复习宾语补足语表语定语主语谓语宾语状语插入语说明主语发出的动作或具有的特征和状态，由动词构成说明主语发出的动作或具有的特征和状态，由动词构成用于描述名词、代词的性质特征等情况的词、短语或句子叫作定语，用于描述名词、代词的性质特征等情况的词、短语或句子叫作定语，翻译成中文就是翻译成中文就是“.的的”。说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件或说明事物发生的时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、条件或伴随等的句子部分，可以是单词、短语、句子。伴随等的句子部分，可以是单词、短语、句子。用来补充说明宾语是什么、怎么样的句子部分用来补充说明宾语是什么、怎么样的句子部分说明主语
2、的性质、身份、特征和状态等。一般放在连系动词后面，说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等。一般放在连系动词后面，与连系动词一起构成谓语。与连系动词一起构成谓语。用来修饰、限定或说明某一个名词或代词的名词、短语或句子用来修饰、限定或说明某一个名词或代词的名词、短语或句子与全句任何没有语法关系的部分叫句子的插入语，又叫独立成分或独与全句任何没有语法关系的部分叫句子的插入语，又叫独立成分或独立结构。通常有三种：感叹词、呼吁、插入语。立结构。通常有三种：感叹词、呼吁、插入语。语语语语：语宾语足语语位语入语返回主页返回主页语What he said is not true.什么可以充当主语?1)名词或名词短
3、语作主语2)代词或代词短语作主语3)动词不定式短语作主语4)动词ing短语作主语（动名词）5)数词或数词短语作主语6)名词化的形容词短语作主语7)疑问词+不定式短语作主语8)主语从句作主语David arrived last night.Thats OK.To do morning exercises is good for our health.Seeing is believing.Two will be enough.The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.How to do well is an importan
4、t question.什么是主语?返回主页返回主页主语要注意的问题：形式主语：真正主语：当动词不定式短语、动词ing短语或从句等作主语时，为了避免句子主语过长，往往借用it来作形式主语，放在句子前面，而将作主语的动词不定式短语、动词ing短语或从句等放在句子后面，it起替代的作用。借用it来作形式主语之后，将放在后面的动词不定式短语、动词ing短语或从句等叫作真正的主语。（真正主语）逻辑主语：是非谓语动词动作的执行者或发出者。逻辑主语不一定是出现在句子里的那个主语，但却是能真正发出该句子动作的人。It is impossible for you to finish so much work i
5、n so short a time.The teacher asked me to answer his question.I saw him playing at the river side.you 是to finish 的逻辑主语me 是to answer 的逻辑主语him 是playing 的逻辑主语It is impossible for you to finish so much work in so short a time.返回主页返回主页出现形式主语it的常见句型一：It is not difficult to learn English well.It was his jo
6、b to clean the yard.It took me a lot of time to finish the task.It is against the law to steal.it+be+表语+for sb+不定式，作表语的形容词是用来描述事情的特征或情况的。如:hard,easy,difficult,likely，important,necessary,impossible等。不定式作真正主语不定式作真正主语的句型中要注意：介词of和for的使用It is not clever of you to do this.It is difficult for you to finis
7、h the work on time.it+be+表语+of sb+不定式，作表语的形容词是用来描述sb的特征或品质的。如:fool,kind,wise,clever,brave,smart,bright等返回主页返回主页2)it+be+形容词+动词ing短语.动词ing作真正主语1)it+be+名词+动词ing短语.出现形式主语it的常见句型二：Its no use spending a lot of time on the job.这个句型中常见名词：no good（没好处）,no use（没用）,a waste（浪费）,a wonder（奇迹）等 It was very hard get
8、ting along well with those men.返回主页返回主页从句作真正主语（3）ltbe过去分词that从句。这种句型有：Its said that.(据说.)，Its reported that.（据报道.），Its hoped that.（人们希望.），Its believed that.（人们相信），Its expected that.（人们希望.）Its heard that.（人们听说）等。（1）itbe形容词that从句。常见形容词有：well-known（众所周知），necessary（必要的），clear（明显的，清楚的），true（真实的），strange（
9、奇怪的），greatful（感谢的），important（重要的），wonderful（精彩的），possible（可能的），likely（可能的），surprising（令人惊讶的）等。（2）Itbe名词短语that从句。常见名词（词组）有：fact（事实），idea（主意），a problem（问题），pleasure（高兴）,an honour（光荣），shame（羞耻），wonder（惊讶），news（消息）等。（4）It doesnt matterwhat从句。It would be a problem that the world is becoming hotter and ho
10、tter.It is said that the president will come to our school tomorrow.It doesnt matter what he says.It was greatful that you have helped me.出现形式主语it的常见句型三：返回主页返回主页说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。语You look smart.谓语的类型单个动词单谓语动词短语复合谓语系表结构谓语He works.He takes care of the baby.情态动词+动词或动词短语助动词+动词或动词短语He will go to Shangh
11、ai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.You are students.He must do the work.单复数单复数时态时态语态语态人称人称将两个或以上单谓语用并列连词连接在一起叫并列谓语。将两个或以上单谓语用并列连词连接在一起叫并列谓语。返回主页返回主页一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时am/is/are+.动词原形动词原形/三单三单am/is/are +P.P过去式过去式was、were+P.Pwill+动词原形（所有人称）动词原形（
12、所有人称）shall I/we.？（第一人称）？（第一人称）am/is/are going to+动词原形动词原形am/is/are+动词动词ing（某些动词）（某些动词）be about to +动词原形动词原形will+be+P.Pam/is/are going to+be+动词原形动词原形am/is/are+动词动词ingam/is/are+being+P.Pwas/were going to+动词动词ingwas/were +being+P.Phave/has+P.Phave/has+been+P.P语态语态时态时态情态动词情态动词+动词原形动词原形情态动词情态动词+be+P.P含有情
13、态动词含有情态动词返回主页返回主页语6.动名词或动名词短语1.名词或相当于名词的短语2.代词或相当于代词的短语3.数词或数词短语7.从句I accepted your wise advice.This book is worth reading.All of us like him.5.不定式或不定式短语Give me four.He began to learn English a year ago.He is used to working at night.He did not know what to say.They teach the blind to read.I wonder
14、if youd like to go with us.4.the+形容词表示一类人I think that he is right.什么可以充当宾语?返回主页返回主页一、双宾语有些及物动词可接两个宾语（双宾语），即指人的叫间接宾语和指物的叫直接宾语。常用句型为：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。宾语可以分为四类 宾语要注意的问题：有时，间接宾语可改为由介词to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语的后面。=She passed the salt to him.=Her uncle bought an English-Chinese dictionary for her yesterday.直接宾语
15、间接宾语动词宾语（动宾）介词宾语（介宾）Give me a cup of tea，please.请给我一杯茶。双宾语的位置可以调换如：She passed him the salt.Her uncle bought her an English-Chinese dictionary yesterday.返回主页返回主页We call them mooncakes.我们把它们叫作月饼At first I found Chinese hard.开始的时候，我发现汉语很难。The boy found his pen on the floor.这个男孩在地板上找到了他的钢笔。In the countr
16、y，he can hear birds singing.在农村，他能听到鸟儿歌唱。Their parents dont allow him to stay out.他父母不允许他在外面呆。有些及物动词带了宾语后还需要有一个宾补补足成分才能使句子完整，这个补足成分就叫做宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾补一起统称为复合宾语二、复合宾语复合宾语的位置不能调换。返回主页返回主页三、形式宾语（it）和真正宾语形式宾语就是形式上的宾语,而真正的宾语（非谓语动词等）往往在句子的靠后位置；用作形式宾语的是代词it。之所以会出现it作形式宾语这样的现象，主要是因为有时宾语会比较长，而
17、宾语之后的部分又明显过短。He found it important to study the situation in Russia.He makes it a rule never to play computer games.I think it no need talking about it with them.I think it necessary for us to learn English well.I find it pleasant to work with him.They felt it difficult to finish the work in such a
18、short time.She thinks it her duty to help us.Do you consider it any good trying again？He found it useless（no use）talking with him.返回主页返回主页四、动词宾语（动宾），介词宾语（介宾）He studies English everyday.He went to school yesterday.及物动词后面可以直接带宾语。动词后面的就叫动词宾语，简称动宾。不及物动词不能直接带宾语，要加上介词后才能带宾语，介词后面的就叫介词宾语，简称介宾。Please look af
19、ter the baby.All the men in the village laughed at the foolish brothers.I have decided what to do next.They finished reading the book.My mother made us a cake.He told us what happened last night.动词宾语（动宾）介词宾语（介宾）My mother made a cake for us.返回主页返回主页宾语足语I find learning English difficult.5.动词不定式I cant
20、get him to talk.He could hear his heart beating fast6.动词ing短语用来补充说明宾语是什么、怎么样的句子部分用来补充说明宾语是什么、怎么样的句子部分说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。什么可以充当宾语补足语?1.名词或名词短语We call her Goldilocks.2.形容词或形容词短语 My work keeps me busy.I left a case on the train.4.介词短语Dont keep me waiting too long.I asked him to help me.7.过去分词短语Could you
21、 make yourself understood?3.副词或副词短语Dont let your parents down.He has made his bike repaired.返回主页返回主页宾语从句的简化：由think、make、find等引导的宾语从句，可以转化为句型为：“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补.”的简单句，His mother found that he was a clever boy.=His mother found him a clever boy.宾语补足语要注意的问题：主要是与宾语从句的句式转换即“think/make/find+宾语+宾语补足语.”复合句转化成简单句
22、。返回主页返回主页语什么可以作表语?说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等。放在连系动词后面，说明主语的性质、身份、特征和状态等。放在连系动词后面，与连系动词一起构成谓语。这种谓语叫系表结构。与连系动词一起构成谓语。这种谓语叫系表结构。1.形容词6.介词短语5.副词7.不定式短语8.动词ing短语9.过去分词短语10.从句2.代词4.数词3.名词或名词所有格I feel much better today.The book is mine.They are in trouble.My dream is to go to college.They are over there.His telepho
23、ne number is 88888888.His hobby is collecting stamps.My camera is broken.The truth is what he said just now.They are my students.（表语从句）（主语不是指人）返回主页返回主页用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。什么可以充当状语?状语用来干什么?1.副词或副词短语作状语He speaks En
24、glish very well.2.介词短语作状语Ten years ago,she began to live here.The boy was praised for his bravery.6.从句作状语When she was 12 years old,she began to play the piano.4.动词ing短语They used to play football under the tree.If I am not busy tomorrow,I will play football with you.3.动词不定式短语5.过去分词短语Wearing a pair of
25、 sunglasses,he went out.She is very weak in physics.The box is too heavy for me to lift.In order to get into a good school,I must study even harder.After finishing the work he left.一个句子可以有多个状语。Written in a hurry，the article was not so good.语程度程度时间时间原因原因时间时间地点地点方向方向结果结果目的目的伴随情况伴随情况原因原因时间时间条件条件返回主页返回主
26、页状语要注意的问题：1.副词才能修饰动词，修饰时通常放在动词或动词短语后面。4.状语的位置比较灵活，可能在句首、句中或句尾5.句式的转化He listened to the teacher carefully.He listened carefully.有宾语时放在宾语后。2.副词修饰形容词、副词时，通常放在形容词副词前面She is very beautiful.3.频度副词(often,always,never,seldom等)通常放在行为动词前面,系动词、助动词、情态动词的后面I always go to school early.He is seldom late for school
27、.In order to catch the first bus,he get up very early.The school sports meeting was put off because the weather was very bad.The school sports meeting was put off because of bad weather.返回主页返回主页语：1.形容词或相同于形容词的结构6.介词短语5.副词7.不定式短语The boy there needs a pen.The boy to write this letter needs a pen.8.动词i
28、ng短语9.过去分词短语10.从句The smiling boy needs a pen.The boy needs a pen bought by his mother.2.冠词或代词4.数词He is a kind-hearted man.He bought a coffee cup yesterday.3.名词或名词所有格He is a 15-year-old student.This book is Mine.My father was washing his car.He is Toms father.定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，表示“.”的。In the f
29、all we can see a lot of fallen leaves.Horses are grass-eating animals.Let me tell you a moving story.Do you know the boy in the first row?I have a lot of work to do.Three boys are running along the bank.You are the first one here.The meeting that you have missed yesterday was very important.He is on
30、 his way home.The girl in a dress is his sister.The boys who are playing football are from Class One.The boy was Tom.什么可以充当定语?定语用来干什么？返回主页返回主页定语要注意的问题：1.当修饰some-,any-,every-,no-构成的复合不定代词时定语后置：Is it anything new in todays newspaper？即定语放在被修饰词的后面Theres nobody strange here.2.形容词enough作定语修饰名词时I havent ti
31、me enough to do the work.3.else用来修饰复合不定代词、复合不定副词、疑问代词、疑问副词等时 The sentence below is very important.He is on his way home.You can ask somone else.4.here，there，in，out，above，below，abroad，before，today，yesterday，home 等 做定语时Have you read the newspaper today？What else did they say？Have you looked for it any
32、where else？返回主页返回主页5.形容词所修饰的词前面已有the one，the only，the very等时7.不定式作定语时8.分词短语作定语时9.从句作定语时6.短语作定语时要后置。The men over there are our teachers.He is a boy about 10 years old.Do you know the old man called Tom？I have something to eat.Do you know the old man who lives in the litle house？Is that the one thing
33、helpful？You said the very sentence useful finally.返回主页返回主页插入语就是指插在句子中间，对句子起补充或附加说明的句子成分。插入语通常与句中其它成分没有语法上的关系，若将其去掉，句子结构仍然完整。所以又叫做独立结构或独立成分。入语插入语在句中主要起解释、说明、总结等作用，此外还可用于表示说话者的态度和看法、起强调作用、引起别方的注意、转移话题、承上启下等。插入语可能是一个单词、一个短语或一个句子。掌握插入语的知识，有助于我们阅读理解文章阅读理解文章，有利于书面写作书面写作正确、恰当表达。什么是插入语?插入语在句子中有什么用?插入语有哪些类型?
34、学习插入语有什么意义?返回主页返回主页常见的插入语如下：1.1.副词用作插入语副词用作插入语certainly(当然)，surely(无疑)，indeed(的确)，however(然而)，fortunately(幸运的是)，luckily(幸运的是)，probably(大概)，personally(就个人来讲)，personally(就个人而言)，honestly(老实说)，exactly（恰好地）等。Certainly,pets can help children develop friendship skills.2 2.形容词或其短语形容词或其短语sure enough果然;worse
35、still更糟糕的是;true真的，funny真可笑，strange to say说也奇怪，needless to say不用说，most important of all最为重要的是等，表现了说话人的情感或态度等。Wonderful，we have won again.太好了，我们又赢了。返回主页返回主页3 3.介词短语用作插入语介词短语用作插入语in fact事实上，in ones opinion在某人看来，of course当然，above all/first of all 首先，by the way 顺便，for us对我们来说，in a word 总之，in other words换
36、句话说，in a sense在某种意义上，in general一般说来，in my view在我看来，in conclusion总之，in summary概括地说，in fact事实上，in the first place首先，in addition此外，to our knowledge据我们所知，to my joy(satisfaction)使我欣慰(高兴、满意)的，to ones surprise使某人惊奇的，to ones regret(disappointment)使某人遗憾(失望)的，for example例如，as a matter of fact事实上，as a result结果
37、，on the other hand 另一方面，in a few words简而言之，in sum总之，in short总之，.等等In short,we should not stop halfway.简言之，我们不能半途而废。返回主页返回主页to tell(you)the truth(老实说)，to be sure(当然，无疑地)，to sum up(概括地说)，to begin/start with首先，to be honest老实说，to be fair说句公道话，to be exact确切地说，to be frank(坦率地说)等。generally speaking(一般来讲)，g
38、enerally considering(一般认为)，strictly speaking(严格地说)，judging from/by(根据来判断)，talking of(说到.),considering.(考虑到.)等。To be sure，community service can aid reemployment.毫无疑问，社区服务能有助于再就业。4 4.不定式作插入语不定式作插入语5 5.动词动词inging短语短语 Talking of singing,will you go to the concert with me tonight?Considering his age,he d
39、id very well.返回主页返回主页I think，我认为，I hope，我希望，Im afraid，恐怕，Whats more，而且，Whats worse，更糟的是，You see，你清楚，I am sure，我可以肯定地说，I believe，我相信，I wonder，我不知道，It began to rain suddenly,what was worse,we didnt take any umbrella.突然下起雨来，更糟的是，我们没有带伞。5.5.分句作插入语分句作插入语You know，你知道，That is，也就是说，I suppose，我想，It seems，看来是，As I see it，照我看来，What is important(serious)，重要(严重)的是，It is said据说，It is reported，据报道等。返回主页返回主页
