1、中考语法专题He got up late.He got up late.练一练He got up late.He was late for school.练一练He got up late.He was late for school because he got up late.练一练知识梳理一 从句种类 主要从属连词时间状语从句 when,while,as,before,after,until,whenever条件状语从句 if,unless目的状语从句 in order that,so that结果状语从句 so.that,such.that,so that,so状语从句的分类状语从句的
2、分类 从句种类 主要从属连词原因状语从句 because,as,since让步状语从句 although,though,even though(if),while方式状语从句 as if,as though 地点状语从句 where,wherever 比较状语从句 than,as状语从句的分类状语从句的分类1.when，while，as 均可表示“当的时候”when 强调“特定时间”，表示主句谓语动词的动作与从句谓语动词的动作是同时发生的，或从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。while 表示的时间是一段时间，而不是时间点。as 多用在口语中，强调“同一时间”或“一前一后”，有时还有“随着”的含义
3、。时间状语从句时间状语从句When he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.（强调吃饭的时候）While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.（强调吃饭的过程中）As I was going out,it began to rain.（强调两个动作先后发生）As spring warms the good earth,all flowers begin to bloom.（as有随着的含义）时间状语从句时间状语从句2.till/until，表示“一直到
4、”，主从句都用肯定形式；表示“直到才.”，主句否定，从句肯定。He worked until it was dark.他一直工作到天黑。He did not get up till his mother came in.一直到母亲进来他才起床。时间状语从句时间状语从句3.once“一旦”Once you see her,you will find what I said is true.一旦你见到她就会发现我说的是对的。Once(it is)published,this book will be very popular.一旦出版，这本书会大受欢迎。时间状语从句时间状语从句4.by the t
5、ime“到时”by the time+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。By the time he arrived,we had already left here.他到达的时候我们早已离开这儿了。时间状语从句时间状语从句5.as soon as,the moment 表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，通常译为“一.就”As soon as I finish the work,Ill go to see you.我一完成工作就会来看你。She came to the scene the moment she heard the news.她一听到消息就来到现场。时间状语从句时间状语从句6.s
6、ince意思为“自从”，主句用现在完成时 表示过去的时间点 since+时间段ago 一般过去时的句子 Since he graduated,he has worked in this city.他毕业后一直在这个城市工作。I havent seen him since last year/three years ago.去年以来/3年来，我没见过他。时间状语从句时间状语从句7.before“在前”after“在后”It was not long before.“不久”The train had already left before I arrived.我到之前，火车已经开走了。What d
7、id you do after you graduated?毕业之后你都做了些什么？It was not long before they understand each other.他们不久就相互了解了。时间状语从句时间状语从句1.if意思为“如果”If you dont look after young trees,they will die very quickly.如果你不好好照看小树苗，它们就会很快死去。条件状语从句条件状语从句2.表示否定的条件用unless（=ifnot），意思为“除非，如果不”I shall not go to the cinema unless I finis
8、h my homework before eight.我不会去看电影，除非我能在8点前完成作业。注意：if.not 常可以用unless替代。If you dont study hard,you will fail in the exam.You will fail in the exam unless you study hard.条件状语从句条件状语从句3.表示使某事成为现实必要的条件用on condition that，意思为条件是，或者as long as 意思为只要 You may go swimming on condition that you dont swim too far
9、 away from the river bank.你可以去游泳，条件是你不能游得离河岸太远。As long as you keep on trying,you will surely succeed.只要你继续尝试就一定能成功。条件状语从句条件状语从句4.祈使结构表条件 前半部分的祈使结构相当于if条件句，可用动词或名词开头；后半部分的简单句常用一般将来时，有时也用一般现在时。此句型与条件状语从句形成同义结构。条件状语从句条件状语从句1）祈使句，and+句子.=if从句（肯定式）+主句.Use your head,and youll find a way.动动脑子你就能找到办法。=If yo
10、u use your head,youll find a way.2）祈使句，or+句子.=if从句（否定式）+主句.Work even harder,or you will never pass the exam.如果不加倍努力，你就永远无法通过考试。=If you dont work harder,you will never pass the exam.条件状语从句条件状语从句1.because意为“因为”，表示直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，用于回答why，语气最强，也可用because of后接名词或代词表示原因 He is absent today because he is il
11、l/because of the illness.他今天缺席，因为他病了。原因状语从句原因状语从句2.for意为“因为”，引导的从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供补充说明，且不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗号或分号与主句分开，引起的从句对主句加以解释。I didnt go to see him,for a heavy snow was falling.我没有去看他，因为在下大雪。The days were short,for it was now December.白天短了，因为现在已经是十二月了。有时，for引起的从句并不表示原因，而是表示一种推断或解释，而because则不能。So
12、meone in the house must be ill,for a doctor has just come out.因为有个医生刚刚出来。原因状语从句原因状语从句3.since意为“既然、由于”，一般表示对方已知的、无需加以说明的既成事实的理由（如果从句表示的原因不是确定的事实，就不能用since，通常用because）Since you are going,I will go too.既然你要走，我也走了。Since you are ill,Ill go alone.由于你病了，我就一个人走了。原因状语从句原因状语从句now that也意为“既然”，有时可将that省去，含义与sin
13、ce接近。区别在于：since表示原先已存在的情况，而now that表示现在才发生的情况。Now that it has stopped raining,lets start at once.既然现在雨停了，咱们马上开始吧！原因状语从句原因状语从句4.as意为由于，表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系，着重点在主句，语气较弱。As it is snowing,we shall not go to the park.由于正在下雪，我们就不去公园了。He had to apologize,as he knew he had made a mistake.他必须道歉，因为他知道他错了。原因状语从句
14、原因状语从句连词：where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere Put it where you can see it.把它放在你看得见的地方。Ill find him，wherever he is.不管他在哪里我都要找到他。Wherever you go,you should do your work well.不论你到哪里都要把工作做好。You cant camp anywhere/where/wherever you like.你不能想在哪里安营就在哪里安营。地点状语从句地点状语从句1.although/though意为“虽然”Although I didnt k
15、now anybody at the party,I had a good time.虽然晚会上的客人我一个也不认识，但我玩得很愉快。注意：although.but是个典型的错误，因为but是并列连词，不能与从属连词although连用。但是，although可与yet或still连用，因为yet，still是副词，它可使前后关系更明确。让步状语从句让步状语从句2.while意为“然而”1）while用于对照，说明两种情况相反，意为然而，但是”Tom is very outgoing,while Jane is shy and quiet.汤姆性格外向，而简却腼腆安静。2）while意为“虽然
16、，尽管”，同although，此时从句和主句的主语往往为同一人或物。While she liked cats,she never let them come into her room.虽然她喜欢猫，但她从不让猫进她的房间。让步状语从句让步状语从句3.even if意为“即使”（if后陈述的是假设）even though意为尽管（though后陈述的是事实）Im going to apply for the job,even if it pays very little.即使报酬不高，我也要去申请那份工作。He is an honest man,I say,even though I have
17、 opposed him.我说他是个诚实的人，尽管我反对过他。让步状语从句让步状语从句in order that（so that）意思为“目的是、为了”，引导的目的状语从句谓语通常用may，might加动词构成，也可用can/could或will/would加动词构成。另外，简单句中“for+名词”也可用于表目的。He works hard in order that he can serve his country well.他努力工作，目的是为了能更好地为国家服务。They started early so that they might arrive in time.他们很早出发，以便按
18、时到达。Better get up early for the early train.为了能赶上早班火车，请早一点起床。目的状语从句目的状语从句so that 意为“以至于”so/such.that 意为“如此以至于”He made a wrong decision,so that half of his property was lost.他做了个错误的决定，以至于他丢失了一半的财产。The box is so heavy that nobody can move it.这个箱子是如此重，（以至于）无人能移动它。It is such a heavy box that nobody can
19、move it.这个箱子是如此重，（以至于）无人能移动它。结果状语从句结果状语从句than意为“比.,”（not）asas意为（不）像.一样”，the more.the more 意为“越就越 I know you better than he does.我比他更了解你。We walked as fast as we could.我们尽可能地快步行走。The harder you study,the greater progress you will make.你越努力学习，进步就越大。比较状语从句比较状语从句典型例题二1.Ill go to visit my aunt in England
20、_ the summer holidays start.A.while B.since C.until D.as soon as2.-How do you like the concert given by EXO?-Exciting,_ one piece of the music wasnt played quite well.A.though B.because C.so D.and1.【解析】答案：D 根据“Ill go to visit”以及“the summer holidays start”可知主句用了一般将来时，后面的从句是一般现在时，所以要用as soon as，故选D。2.
21、【解析】答案：A 根据设空处前后句的句意“（音乐会）令人激动”和“一首乐曲演奏得不是很好”，在这里两个句子之间存在一个相反的让步关系，though“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句，符合句意，故选A。3._ I got home,my sister was doing her homework.A.When B.Because C.If D.Though4.Life is like a mirror._ you smile at it,it will smile back.A.Unless B.When C.Until D.Though 3.【解析】答案：A 根据设空处前后句可以推测句意是“当我
22、到家的时候，我的妹妹在做作业。表示“当的时候”用when，故选A。4.【解析】答案：B 根据设空处前后句可以推测句意是“生活就像一面镜子，当你朝着它微笑的时候，它也会报以微笑。表示“当的时候”用when，引导时间状语从句，故选B。5.Chen Wei isnt at school today _ he is taking a robot competition in Shanghai.A.so B.because C.before D.if 6.We have been expecting Rio 2016 Olympics _ the Olympic flame（圣火）was lit.A.i
23、f B.unless C.since D.though5.【解析】答案：B 前后两句的句意是“陈伟今天不在学校”和“他正在上海参加机器人比赛两者之间是因果关系，后面是原因，用because引导原因状语从句，故选B.6.【解析】答案：C 主句用的是现在完成进行时，根据设空处前后句可以推测本句的句意是“自从奥运圣火点燃之后我们一直期待着2016里约奥运会”，表示“自从”用since，故选C。7.Our Chinese teacher didnt go to bed _ he finished his work last night.A.if B.until C.since D.Because 8.
24、To make your DIY work perfect,youd better not start _ you get all the tools ready.A.when B.while C.before D.after7.【解析】答案：B 根据主句“didnt go.”可知从句要用until来连接，表示“我们的语文老师昨天晚上直到他完成了工作才睡觉”之意，故选B。8.【解析】答案：C 根据设空处前后句可以推测句意是“为了使你的手工作品完美，在准备好所有的工具之前你最好不要开始”，表示“在以前”用before，故选C。课堂练习三一.单项选择。1._ hes old,he can stil
25、l carry this heavy bag.A.Though B.Since C.For D.So2.-Do you know if he _ to play basketball with us?-I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow.A.comes;is B.comes;will be C.will come;is D.will come;will be3.In the zoo if a child _ into the water and cant swim,the dolphins may come up _him.A.will fal
26、l;to help B.falls;to help C.will fall;help D.falls;helping 4.I dont remember _ he worked in that city when he was young.A.whether B.which C.where D.who5.We will stay at home if my aunt _ to visit us tomorrow.A.comes B.come C.will come D.is coming6.The police asked the children _ cross the street _ t
27、he traffic lights turned green.A.not;before B.dont;when C.not to;until D.not;after7.I was late for class yesterday _ there was something wrong with my bike.A.when B.that C.until D.because 8.Ill go swimming with you if I _ free tomorrow.A.will be B.shall be C.am D.was9.In the exam,the _ you are,the _
28、 mistakes you will make.A.careful;little B.more careful;fewest C.more careful;fewer D.more careful;less10.You should finish your lessons _ you go out to play.A.before B.after C.when D.while 11.I hurried _ I wouldnt be late for class.A.since B.so that C.as if D.unless12.When you read the book,youd be
29、tter make a mark _ you have any questions.A.which B.that C.where D.though13.The teacher raised his voice _ all the students could hear him.A.for B.so that C.because D.in order14.He took off his coat _ he felt hot.A.because B.though C.but D.if15.It is _ that wed like to go out for a walk.A.a lovely d
30、ay B.too lovely a day C.so lovely a day D.such lovely a day二.用when，while，as soon as，not.until 填空。1.The car hit the man _ he was crossing the road.2.Ill tell you the good news _ I get there.3.He _ go to bed _ 11 oclock last night.4.The accident happened _ I was on my way to work.5.Sports build the bo
31、dy _ reading builds the mind.6.I used to be rather quite _ I was young.【参考答案】一.15 ACBAA 610 CDCCA 1115 BCBAC 2二.1.when 2.as soon as 3.didnt.until.4.when 5.while 6.when课后检测四1.The meeting didnt start _ everyone was there.A.because B.until C.why D.if2.The boy _ to bed _ his mother came in.A.went not;un
32、til B.didnt go;after C.went;until D.didnt go;until 3.I wont believe you _ I have seen it with my own eyes.A.before B.until C.after D.when单项选择单项选择4.He _ home _ she was satisfied _ his answer yesterday.A.didnt go;until;with B.wasnt go；after；to C.doesnt go;before;with D.didnt go;until;to5.He _ back unt
33、il the work _ done.A.isnt;will be B.isnt;is C.wont be;will be D.wont be;is6.They didnt start the work _ their teacher came back.A.until B.while C.as soon as D.if单项选择单项选择7.Tom will call me as soon as he _ Shanghai.A.arrives B.will reach C.arrives in D.get to 8.Im sure hell come to see me before he _
34、Beijing.A.will leave B.is leaving C.leave D.leaves9.I will tell him the news as soon as he _ back.A.come B.comes C.will come D.came 单项选择单项选择10.When he got to the station,the train _.A.left B.had left C.leaves D.has left 11.The boy told his father what he _ in the street.A.saw B.have seen C.had seen
35、D.see12.We _ TV when the telephone _.A.watched;was ringing B.were watching;rang D.are watching;rang C.watch;rings单项选择单项选择13.I wont go to see the film tonight,because I _ my ticket.A.lost B.have lost C.will lose D.didnt lose14.I _ him since I began to live in the city.A.know B.have known C.knew D.will know 15._ there were only five soldiers left at the front,_ they went on fighting.A.Because;so B.If;and C.Though;but D.Though；/单项选择单项选择【参考答案】15 BDBAD 610 ACDBB 1115 CBBBD谢谢
