1、浅谈现在完成时态教师:回顾回顾 一般现在时态:表示经常性习惯性动作或存在的状态。还可以表示人物的性格、爱好和能力,还可以表示客观真理。eg:I often speak Chinese I get up at 6:00 every day He speaks English The earth returns around the sun1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作。I get up at 6:00 every morningHe aften goes to school bu bus2、表示现在状态或特征。Wang Lin is a football fanHe looks like his
2、father3、表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实。The earth moves around the sunShang Hai lies in the east of China一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间或阶段发生的动作和存在的状态。1、一般过去时主要表示过去发生的动作和存在的状态。Deng xiao Ping died in 1997They were students last year2、表示刚刚发生的动作或存在的状态。She was here a minute agoHe came in just now现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,还可以表示
3、开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态。其结构是:助动词have/has动词的过去分词。eg:He hasnt seen this film.Have you cleaned the classroom?Where has he gone?for一段时间表示动作的持续性。eg:We have learned English for over two years She has done her home work for three hours注意:现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响,强调现在的情况,因此不能直接和表示过去某一时间的时间状语通用。eg:yesterday las
4、t month an hour ago通常情况,现在完成时的时间状语比较统筹,不太具体。eg:just(刚刚)、ever(曾经)、already(已经)、never(从未)、yet(还、仍然)它不像过去式那么具体,when不可与现在完成时连用,因为when询问具体时间。since“自从以后,自从以来”,后接过去的时间since过去的时间点或动作。eg:I have tanght English since nine years ago Ive never seen her since she left the cityhas/have gone to some place表示去了某地,可能在某
5、地或者是在去某地的路上,总之不在说话的现场。eg:Where is your father?He has gone to London have/has been to some place表示(曾经)去过某地,现在人已经返回,不在那里了,是对过去经历的一种回忆。eg:Have you been to Bei jing?I have been there twicealready adv:“已经、早已”,常用于现在完成时。eg:Ive already eaten my lunch Shes gone to town alreadybefore、just、never、ever、already、y
6、et常用于现在完成时,用法如下:副词副词justeverneveralreadyyetbefore含义刚刚在任何时候、从来从不已经否定句:还疑问句:已经以前常用句型陈述句疑问句陈述句疑问句否定句陈述句疑问句肯定陈述句否定句疑问句多种句型常见的位置谓语动词之前谓语动词之前谓语动词之前谓语动词之前或者句尾句尾句尾现在完成时可表示从过去开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态(即开始于过去,直到现在尚未完成的动作或尚未结束的状态)。常与表示过去到现在的一般时间的状语(for 一段时间;since过去的某个时间点/一般过时句子;since一段时间ago)连用。eg:we have learned English
7、 for about two years/since 2012.Bill has lived in Beijing since he came to china.have been in/at地点,指“持续待在某地”应搭配表示一般时间的时间状语。eg:she has been in this factory for 10 years.have/has been to,have/has gone to 不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。例如:Ive been in Beijing for 10years.have been in指:持续待在某地,就是说:我十年前来到北京,现在还在北京,而heve
8、 been to只能指“曾经去过某地,而且人已回”是指已经在过去完成了的动作,这个动作是不可能持续到现在的,所以不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。也就是说,现在完成时中,能搭配一段时间的谓语动词一定是动作持续到现在的。He has been away from the army for twelve years becaus of a leg wound.leave是短暂性动词,短暂性动词强调动作的终止性,刚发生即结束,不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。be away 是延续性动词短语,强调动作的延续性,可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。短暂性动词通常含有一个含义相同的延续性动词与之对应。短暂
9、性动词短暂性动词延续性动词延续性动词gobe therebuyhaveopenbe openclosebe closedcomebe herediebe deadput onwearget upbe uplosenot havewake upbe awakeleavebe awayjoinbe inarrive/reachbe in/atbecomebecatch a coldhave a coldeg:He became a doctor He has been a doctor for 5 yearsHis grandfather died His grandfather has been dead for ten years一般过去式和现在完成时的区别eg:She (leave)home an hour ago.I (have)lunch and Im not hungry now.They (live)there for three years.1、填left 2、填have had 3、填have lived本节课结束同学们再见