1、代词代词想一想中考代词想一想中考代词都考哪几种呢？都考哪几种呢？代词代词人称人称代词代词物主物主代词代词反身反身代词代词疑问疑问代词代词不定不定代词代词指示指示代词代词it的的用法用法Chapter 2:不定代词、指示代词、不定代词、指示代词、it用法用法考点一：不定代词考点一：不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某种事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定不明确指代某个人、某种事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的特性，没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、宾语、代词具有名词和形容词的特性，没有主格和宾格之分，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。表语、定语等。不定代词的
2、分类不定代词的分类1.复合不定代词复合不定代词复合不定代词主要由复合不定代词主要由some-，any-，every-，no-与与-one,-body,-thing构成，这些词在构成，这些词在句中的作用相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语、补语等。句中的作用相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语、补语等。-one-body-thingsome-any-every-no-someone 前缀前缀 somebody something anyone anybody anything everyone everybody everything no one nobody nothing 后缀后缀肯定句肯定句表示
3、请求建议或希望得到肯定答复表示请求建议或希望得到肯定答复否定句和疑问句否定句和疑问句任何任何.somethinganythingsomething后后to do后后something interestingsomething to eat 单数单数 is is1（2021江苏盐城市江苏盐城市中考真题）中考真题）Why are you laughing,Daniel?There is _ funny in the newspaper.Come and see.Aanything BsomethingCeverythingDnothing2.【2020东营市】东营市】When Anna opene
4、d her wallet,she was surprised to find _.It was empty.A.nothingB.anythingC.something D.everything3.【2020甘肃武威市】甘肃武威市】Theres _ wrong with the engineits making strange noises.A.nothingB.anythingC.everything D.something4.【2020黑龙江绥化】黑龙江绥化】Did you do _ during the last summer vacation?A.something special B
5、.special something C.anything special5.【2020无锡市】无锡市】Think twice and make the decision._ else can do it for you.A.Somebody B.Everybody C.Anybody D.Nobody6.【2020扬州市】扬州市】_ hopes for a sweet home as it provides us with warmth and trust.A.NoneB.Everyone C.NobodyD.Somebody7.【2020镇江市】镇江市】Have you asked_ ab
6、out the case?No,except Bob.A.everybody B.anybodyC.nobodyD.somebody普通不定代词普通不定代词1.both与与all这两个词都可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语，这两个词都可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语，1）all指指_者及者及_者以上的人或物，意为者以上的人或物，意为“_”，both指指_者都。者都。all/both of后为名词时，后为名词时，of可省略，但为代词宾格时，可省略，但为代词宾格时，of不可省略。不可省略。2）_ 强调事物的整体或抽象概念时作单数，指个体的人或事物时作复数。强调事物的整体或抽象概念时作单数，指个体的人或事物时
7、作复数。_指修饰或指代复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。指修饰或指代复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。_ I want is peace and quiet._ of my grandparents are farmers.We _ speak excellent English in the class.三三三三全部全部两两allbothAllBothall3）all与与both的位置。两者作主语的同位语时应位于实义动词之的位置。两者作主语的同位语时应位于实义动词之_，系动词、助，系动词、助动词或情态动词之动词或情态动词之_。His parents are both workers.They all
8、 leapt out of their sleeping bags and hurried outside.注意：注意：在简略回答中，在简略回答中，all和和both都不可置于句尾。都不可置于句尾。-Were you all present at the conference yesterday?-Yes,we all were.（不可以说（不可以说Yes,we were all.）前前后后4）all和和both的否定。的否定。两者如果与两者如果与not连用表示部分否定。如果与其对应表示全部否定时，则需用连用表示部分否定。如果与其对应表示全部否定时，则需用_或或_。Not all predic
9、tions come true.并不是所有的预言都能实现。Its either me or her.You cant have it both ways.要么我，要么她，你不可能两个都要。None of these pens works/work.所有的钢笔都不能使用。Neitehr of these methods is perfect.这两种方法都不完美。neithernone1.（2021湖北武汉市湖北武汉市中考真题）中考真题）There are mainly six kinds of tea in China.Which is your favorite?Green tea,I gue
10、ss.Ive tried black tea,green tea and so on,and _ of them have their special tastes.Aall BbothCnoneDneither2.【2020云南省】云南省】What would you like,ice cream or apple juice?_.One for my sister and the other for myself.A.NeitherB.All C.NoneD.Both2.either与与neither1）either指指“_”，neither表示表示“_”。二者都可以作。二者都可以作主语、
11、宾语和定语。作主语时，谓语动词常用主语、宾语和定语。作主语时，谓语动词常用_数形式。数形式。2）either.or.意为意为“_”,neither.nor.意为意为“_”两者皆为并列连词，连接句子中两个并列成分。连接两个部分作主语时，谓语动词两者皆为并列连词，连接句子中两个并列成分。连接两个部分作主语时，谓语动词应当遵循应当遵循“_”。1.【2018年浙江省温州市】-Do you like rock music or light music?-_.I like Beijing Opera.A.Either B.None C.Both D.Neither2.【2018年黑龙江龙东地区】-When
12、 shall we go to the movies,this afternoon or tomorrow morning?-is OK.Im free these days.A.Either B.Neither C.Both两者其一两者其一两者都不两者都不.或或.既不既不.也不也不.就近原则就近原则 单单3.no one与与noneno one与与none的用法区别如下表所示：的用法区别如下表所示：指代指代可数与不可数可数与不可数回答回答how many/much回答回答who跟跟of短语短语no onenone区别区别代词代词常指代人常指代人只可数只可数 指代人指代人或物或物可数、不可数可
13、数、不可数 none在句中可以作主语、宾语等，意为在句中可以作主语、宾语等，意为“_”,可代替可数名词可代替可数名词单数或复数，也可代替不可数名词，可接表示范围的单数或复数，也可代替不可数名词，可接表示范围的of短语。短语。no one表示泛指，无范围。仅指人，不指物，其后不可接表示泛指，无范围。仅指人，不指物，其后不可接of短语，语气比短语，语气比none强强烈，作主语时，谓语动词通常用烈，作主语时，谓语动词通常用_数形式。数形式。-How many of you have been to the Great Wall?-_.-Who will go there?-_.没有人，没有东西没有人
14、，没有东西 单单NoneNo one1.【2019 湖北省鄂州市】湖北省鄂州市】I tried several ways to work out the math problem,but _ of them worked.Never give up.I believe youll make it.A.all B.eachC.noneD.neither2.【2020 四川凉山中考】四川凉山中考】All the volunteers were very tired,but _of them had a rest.They were busy helping the firemen.A.both.B
15、.neitherC.all D.none4.some与与any两者均可以修饰或代替可数名词和不可数名词。两者均可以修饰或代替可数名词和不可数名词。1）some意为意为“_”，常用于，常用于_；any表示表示“_”，常用于，常用于_。2）some也用于疑问句，表示说话者的也用于疑问句，表示说话者的_或或_。any也可用于肯定句中，表示也可用于肯定句中，表示“_”。3）some/any of.结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式需要根据结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式需要根据of之后的名词而定。之后的名词而定。I dont think any of them _(be)coming.Any of
16、your time _(be)to be made full use of.4）some还可指还可指“某一个某一个”，此时常修饰可数名词的单数，暗指不认识、不知道、不，此时常修饰可数名词的单数，暗指不认识、不知道、不感兴趣、不重视等。感兴趣、不重视等。一些一些肯定句肯定句若干若干.否定句和疑问句否定句和疑问句建议建议希望得到肯定答复希望得到肯定答复任何任何.is is1.【2019 天津市中考】天津市中考】We havent got _ meat for dinner.Lets buy _ chicken.A.some;someB.some;any C.any;any D.any;some2.
17、【2019 青海省中考】青海省中考】I dont have enough money for the T-shirt.Don t worry.I can lend to you.A.any B.some C.many5.many与与much1）many和和much时表示数量的不定代词。时表示数量的不定代词。many修饰或代替修饰或代替_，而，而much修饰或代替修饰或代替_。You cant have one each.We havent got _.He sat his desk all morning but he didnt write _.2）many作主语，谓语动词用作主语，谓语动词
18、用_形式，形式，much作主语，谓语动词用作主语，谓语动词用_形式。形式。many和和much后面可以加后面可以加of短语，但短语，但of后面的名词需有修饰语或表示特定意义。后面的名词需有修饰语或表示特定意义。可数名词复数可数名词复数不可数名词不可数名词manymuch复数复数单数单数6.little、a little与与few、a fewlittlea littlefewa few 几乎没有几乎没有有一点儿有一点儿指代或修饰可数名词复数指代或修饰可数名词复数指代或修饰不可数名词指代或修饰不可数名词注意：注意：a little与与a bit的区别的区别a little可直接加可直接加_或修饰或
19、修饰_。a bit加加_，但，但a bit of加加_。not a little意为意为“_”，而，而not a bit意为意为“_”。不可数名词不可数名词形容词或副词形容词或副词形容词或副词形容词或副词不可数名词不可数名词非常，很非常，很一点也不一点也不1.【2020 四川凉山中考】四川凉山中考】Susan,there is _ rice and _ noodles at home.Will you go shopping with me?Sorry,I have to wait for the postman.A.little;few B.few;littleC.a few;little
20、D.few;a little2.【2020 贵州省黔东南州中考】贵州省黔东南州中考】There is _milk in the fridge,is there?A.few B.a fewC.littleD.a little3.【2020无锡市】无锡市】What do we know about the next Olympic Games?Very _.The only news is that they wont cancel it.A.a fewB.few C.a littleD.little7.other、the other与与another1）other泛指其余的人或物，其复数形式为泛
21、指其余的人或物，其复数形式为others，表示泛指，意为，表示泛指，意为“另外的另外的.；其他的其他的.”。others=other+_。some.others.表示表示“_”。2）the other指指_者中的者中的_或或_。the others=the other+_，表示表示“_”，特指在一个范围内其余全部的人或物。，特指在一个范围内其余全部的人或物。3）another指指_中的另一个，表示泛指，但无整体范围。可单独使用，中的另一个，表示泛指，但无整体范围。可单独使用，也可后接可数名词单数。也可后接可数名词单数。another+数词数词+名词名词=_。可数名词复数可数名词复数一些一些.另
22、一些另一些.两两另一个另一个另一部分另一部分可数名词复数可数名词复数剩下的，剩余的剩下的，剩余的三者及三者以上三者及三者以上另一部分另一部分1.【2018年上海市中考】年上海市中考】Catherine has two cousins.One is quiet,and_is noisy.A.another B.the other C.other D.others2.【2019 四川省乐山市】四川省乐山市】Can you kick the ball to _ end of the football field?Its hard for me.I think few goalkeepers can
23、make it.A.anotherB.the otherC.other3.【2020长沙市】长沙市】The school offers two courses on computer technology.One is for beginners and _ is for those who already have some basic knowledge.A.otherB.anotherC.the other8.each与与everyeach和和every都表示都表示“每一个每一个”，强调单数概念，可与单数可数名词连用。，强调单数概念，可与单数可数名词连用。1）each强调个体，重在个体的
24、角度说明事物，可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语；强调个体，重在个体的角度说明事物，可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语；every则强调整体，重在从整体的角度说明事物，只能作定语。则强调整体，重在从整体的角度说明事物，只能作定语。2）each指一定数目的人或物中的每一个，而指一定数目的人或物中的每一个，而every指数目不确定的许多人或物中的指数目不确定的许多人或物中的每一个。每一个。There is a line of trees on each side of the road.I enjoy every minute of the performance.3）_可以与可以与of搭配，后接可数名词复数
25、，作主语时谓语动词用搭配，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用_。_不可以与不可以与of 搭配。搭配。each单数单数every综合练习综合练习1.（2021四川达州市四川达州市中考真题）中考真题）The two books are _ about English.You can choose _ of them to read.Aall;both Ball;eitherCboth;eitherDboth;neither2.（2021江苏扬州市江苏扬州市中考真题）中考真题）Which colour do you like,red or blue?_.I like green.AEitherBB
26、othCNeitherDNone3.（2021江苏连云港市江苏连云港市中考真题）中考真题）Look at the sign,please.You can park your car on _ side of the street.AbothBotherCeitherDall4.【2020武汉市】武汉市】Although these were good students,_ of them had a score above 60.I cant believe it!A.noneB.no oneC.someD.all5.【2020湖北省宜昌市】湖北省宜昌市】Its unbelievable th
27、at 5G technology is progressing in such a rapid way!_ is impossible.A.Something B.AnythingC.Nothing D.Everything6.【2020 内蒙古包头市】内蒙古包头市】Sophia waited for a reply,but _ came.AeitherBanotherCneitherDnone7.【2020黑龙江绥化】黑龙江绥化】Did you do _ during the last summer vacation?A.something special B.special somethi
28、ngC.anything special8.【2020铁岭葫芦岛】铁岭葫芦岛】Bob,when will you help me do a survey,today or tomorrow?_ is OK.Im free these two days.A.BothB.NoneC.EitherD.Neither9.【2020福建省】福建省】Randy wrote two novels._ of them were made into films.Ive seen them.ANoneBBothCAllDNeither10.【2020湖北省十堰】湖北省十堰】What would you like,
29、juice or coffee?_.I just want a glass of water.ABothBNeitherCEitherDNone11.【2019 湖北省武汉市】湖北省武汉市】This room is too small.Id like to ask for _.Sure.We have rooms available here.A.anotherB.the otherC.one D.it12.【2020青海省】青海省】Why dont you find some workers to repair the machines?Well,_ of them want to do s
30、uch a low-paid job.A.a fewB.few C.some考点二：指示代词考点二：指示代词 指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样，都具有指定的含义，用来起指示作用，指示代词与定冠词和人称代词一样，都具有指定的含义，用来起指示作用，或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。或用来代替前面已提到过的名词。1）itit与前文出现的事物属于与前文出现的事物属于_。I bought a camera yesterday,but it doesnt work well.2）oneone与前文出现的事物属于与前文出现的事物属于_，可指，可指_或或_，只能指代，只能指代_名词名词,表示表示_（只有当它前面有（
31、只有当它前面有this，that，the等词时，才为特指，等词时，才为特指，其复数其复数形式为形式为_。同一个同一个同类异物同类异物人人 物物可数可数泛指泛指onesI dont like this camera.Will you please show me another one?There are many fridges on sale in the supermarket.Lets buy one!3）that与前文出现的事物属于与前文出现的事物属于_。既可指代。既可指代_也可指代也可指代_。但不能指但不能指_，表示，表示_。that的复数为的复数为_，可替代，可替代_。The ho
32、use built of brick lasts longer than that built of wood.My questions are similar to those you raised.同类异物同类异物可数名词单数可数名词单数不可数名词不可数名词人人 特指特指those 人人1.【2018年江苏省宿迁市】年江苏省宿迁市】-Excuse me,I want some books,but I cant find a bookshop here.-I know_on my way home.Come with me,please.A.this B.one C.It D.that2.【
33、2018年安徽省中考】年安徽省中考】The fridges are on sale in the supermarket today.Really?Lets go and buy_ for our new kitchen.A.one B.it C.that D.them3.【2018年贵州省安顺】年贵州省安顺】-Mr.Han,how is the weather in Anshun now,please?-Actually,it is cooler than _ in Guiyang.A.it B.that C.this D.those4.【2018年山东省滨州中考】年山东省滨州中考】Nick
34、,I lost my pen and I couldnt find_ anywhere.There are many pens in that box.Just take_.A.it;it B.it;one C.one;it D.one;one5.【2019 浙江温州中考】浙江温州中考】Sam finds sweeping robots useful,and he plans to buy _ for his grandma.A.it B.one C.thisD.that6.【2019 江苏省连云港市】江苏省连云港市】After the new high-speed railway line
35、began operations,the time on the trip from Lianyungang to Qingdao now is much less than _ in the past.A.one B.this C.thatD.it7.【2019 湖北省黄石市】湖北省黄石市】My brother has lost his watch.Now he is looking for _.A.one B.thisC.that D.it8.【2019 贵州省贵阳市】贵州省贵阳市】Ed,do you like The Readers hosted by Dong Qing?Yes.I w
36、atch_every day.A.one B.itC.them9.【2020 贵州省铜仁中考】贵州省铜仁中考】Maria,how do you like Journey to the west,one of the four classic novels of Chinese literature?Wonderful!I like_ very much.A.one B.themC.itD.its10.【2020 黑龙江龙东地区中考】黑龙江龙东地区中考】Lots of people like to give out Hongbao to each other on Wechat.Thats tr
37、ue.Ive just received _ from my friend.A.itB.that C.one11.【2020 四川成都中考】四川成都中考】Molly,my dictionary is not here.Do you have _?A.itB.that C.one12.【2020 四川达州中考】四川达州中考】Oh,I forget to bring my umbrella.Ive got _.You can share _.A.it;myB.one;mine C.it;I D.one;me考点三：考点三：it it的用法的用法 1.作形式主语作形式主语1）替代不定式）替代不定式I
38、t is important for us to learn English.it代替不定式作形式主语的常见句式：代替不定式作形式主语的常见句式：轮到某人做某事：轮到某人做某事：_由某人决定做某事：由某人决定做某事：_做某事是某人的职责：做某事是某人的职责：_It be ones turn to do sth.It be up to sb to do sth.It be ones duty to do sth.做某事是某人的过错：做某事是某人的过错：_做某事是件很快乐的事：做某事是件很快乐的事：_做某事是浪费时间：做某事是浪费时间：_做某事有礼貌做某事有礼貌/不礼貌：不礼貌：_做某事遗憾做某事
39、遗憾/可耻可耻/高兴：高兴：_2）替代动名词）替代动名词It is no use complaning.It is great fun climbing mountains on rainy days.It be ones fault to do sth.It be a great joy to do sth.It be a waste of time to do sth.It be good/bad manners to do sth.It be a pity/shame/pleasure to do sth.it代替动名词形式主语的常见句式：代替动名词形式主语的常见句式：做某事是无用的：做
40、某事是无用的：_做某事没有好处：做某事没有好处：_做某事（很）有趣：做某事（很）有趣：_2.作形式宾语作形式宾语不定式、动名词或名词性从句作宾语时，如果后面带有宾语补足语，常用不定式、动名词或名词性从句作宾语时，如果后面带有宾语补足语，常用it作形作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置。式宾语，而把真正的宾语后置。He has made it a habit that he goes to bed late at night.It be no use/not any use doing sth.It be no good/not any good doing sth.It be(great)fun d
41、oing sth.3）用于固定句型中）用于固定句型中做某事花去某人多长时间：做某事花去某人多长时间：_像某人做某事的风格：像某人做某事的风格：_（早就）该做某事了：（早就）该做某事了：_某人第几次做某事：某人第几次做某事：_自从自从.以来有多久了：以来有多久了：_过了多久才过了多久才.:_It takes sb+时间时间 to do sth.It be(just)like sb to do sth.Its high time that.It be the+序数词序数词+time(that).It is/has been+时间时间+since.It be+时间段时间段+before.1.【201
42、9 湖南省湘潭市】湖南省湘潭市】is unhealthy for us to go to school without eating breakfast in the morning.A.ThatB.ThisC.It2.【2020长沙市】长沙市】The twins are so alike that even their father finds_ hard to tell them from each other.A.it B.him C.them3.【2020湖南省邵阳市】湖南省邵阳市】Do you like English?Yes,but I think_ is a great challenge to learn the language well.AthatBthisCit4.【2020益阳市】益阳市】I found _difficult for me to finish the work on time.A.that B.it C.this
