1、简单句的基本句型简单句的基本句型句子类型：句子类型：1.简单句简单句2.并列复合句并列复合句1)表并列表并列 2)表因果表因果3)表转折表转折 4)表选择表选择3.主从复合句主从复合句1)宾语从句宾语从句 2)定语从句定语从句 3)状语从句状语从句由一个主语由一个主语(或并列主语或并列主语)和一个谓语和一个谓语（或并列（或并列谓语）构成的句子。谓语）构成的句子。1.I got up early this morning.2.My brother and I got up early this morning.3.My brother and I got up and washed our fa
2、ces.4.My brother and I got up and washed our faces,but we did not brush our teeth.组成句子的各个组成部分叫组成句子的各个组成部分叫句子成分句子成分：主主谓谓宾宾定定状状补补表表1.I got up early this morning.2.The cake tastes very nice.3.My brother and I got up and washed our faces.4.My English teacher often tells me to remember words.1.主语主语:是一个句子
3、的主干部分之一是一个句子的主干部分之一,主语表明主语表明 是是“什么人什么人”，“什么事什么事/物物”.通常由通常由名词名词,代代词词,动词不定式动词不定式,动名词动名词来充当来充当.1.His new bike is beautiful.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.2.谓语谓语:说明主语说明主语“做做”什么什么或或“是是”什么什么/怎么样怎么样。通常通常 由由动词动词充当充当.1.The kite is flying.
4、2.Tom made a kite.3.Tom feels better now.不及物动词不及物动词及物动词及物动词连系动词连系动词3.表语表语：跟在跟在连系动词连系动词后面的成分后面的成分,用来说明主语是用来说明主语是“什么什么”，是，是“怎么样的怎么样的”，“在哪里在哪里”.表示主语表示主语的身份，状态，特征等。的身份，状态，特征等。1.My sister is a nurse.2.The trees turn green.3.The flower is beautiful.4.Now we are in the classroom.5.The girl is in good healt
5、h.4.宾语宾语：动作行为的动作行为的对象对象，说明主语做，说明主语做“什么什么”。一一 般放在般放在及物动词或介词及物动词或介词后面后面.由由名词名词,代词代词,数词数词,动词不定动词不定式式,动名词动名词构成构成.1.We study English.2.I saw him yesterday.3.He wanted to have a pen.4.She likes playing basketball.5.定语定语:用来用来修饰限定修饰限定名词或代词名词或代词的词，由的词，由形容词形容词,形容形容词性物主代词词性物主代词,名词名词,不定式不定式,介词短语不定代词介词短语不定代词等等充当
6、充当.1、This is a red car.2、The building is their teachingbuilding.3、The woman doctor is my wife.4、I have something to say.5、The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.6、Every student has an English book.5.状语状语:说明动作或状态特征，用来修饰说明动作或状态特征，用来修饰动词动词,形容词形容词 副词或整个句子副词或整个句子.副词副词,介词短语介词短语,动词不定式动词不定式 充当。充当。1.You are q
7、uite right.2.They often draw in the park.3.We come here in order to learn English.找出下列句中的状语找出下列句中的状语1.Tom gets up early every day.2.Jerry will go there by train.3.He didnt work because of illness.4.In order to keep health,we do exercise.5.She plays the guitar very well.6.The flowers are quite beauti
8、ful.6.宾补：宾补：补充说明宾语补充说明宾语。(宾语和宾补之间有宾语和宾补之间有逻辑上的主谓关系）逻辑上的主谓关系）1.名词（代词）名词（代词）+动词不定式动词不定式He asked me to help him.2.名词（代词）名词（代词）+分分 词词I saw Tom playing football.3.名词（代词）名词（代词）+名名 词词We call the boy Tom.4.名词（代词）名词（代词）+形容词形容词I think English hard.5.名词（代词）名词（代词）+介词短语介词短语I put the book on the desk.其英语句子长短简繁不一，
9、表面上似乎难以英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成出其共同规律。即可以归纳成六六种基本句型种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这六种。掌握这六种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。结构的基础结构的基础。句子的基本结构可以归纳成、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。1.太阳从东方升起来了。太阳从东方升起来了。The sun has risen in the east.2.她喜欢看书。她喜欢看书。
10、3.他的脸红了。他的脸红了。4.我给他看我的照片。我给他看我的照片。I showed him my pictures.5.他们把门漆成绿色。他们把门漆成绿色。They painted the door green.6.教室里有一些学生。教室里有一些学生。There are some students in the classroom.She enjoys reading.His face turned red.简单句的六种基本结构简单句的六种基本结构1.主主+系系+表表2.主主+谓谓3.主主+谓谓+宾宾4.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾5.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾语补足语宾语补足语6.there
11、be1.S+V+P2.S+V3.S+V+O4.S+V+DO+IO5.S+V+O+OC6.there be结构一结构一：主：主+系系+表表(S+V+P)主：被表语所解释主：被表语所解释说明说明的对象。的对象。系：有系动词或半系动词。系：有系动词或半系动词。表：用来解释说明主语的内容表：用来解释说明主语的内容(是什么，怎么样，是什么，怎么样，在哪里在哪里)名词名词名词名词形容词形容词形容词形容词介词短语介词短语系动词的分类：系动词的分类：1.表感官：表感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look,touchThe dish tastes nice.2.表状态：表状态：be,seem
12、,appear,prove He seems unhappy.3.表变化：表变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow The ground turns green.4.表持续：表持续：remain,stay,keep,continue It remains rainy.结构二：结构二：S+V特点特点:谓语动词常由不及物动词构成，后不跟宾谓语动词常由不及物动词构成，后不跟宾语。语。不及物动词：动词本身能表达完整的意义。不及物动词：动词本身能表达完整的意义。1.How times flies!2.They have left.3.The sun rose.4.I got up
13、.1.I ate some rice.2.They cooked meat.练习：练习：1.鸟在飞翔。鸟在飞翔。Birds are flying.2.她的宝宝在哭。她的宝宝在哭。Her baby is crying.3.太阳正在落山。太阳正在落山。The sun is setting.4.谁也没笑。谁也没笑。No one laughed.5.昨晚他咳了一夜昨晚他咳了一夜He coughed all night last night.结构三：结构三：S+V+O特点：谓语动词都是特点：谓语动词都是及物动词及物动词，后必须跟宾语。，后必须跟宾语。及物动词：及物动词：动词本身动词本身不能表达完整的意思
14、，必不能表达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。须跟宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。do,love,like,produce,enjoy等。等。3.Tom enjoys reading.4.I think that we can do it.结构四：结构四：主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾(S+V+DO+IO)I gave Tom I gave a book to Tom.He bought his son He bought a bike for his son.谓语动词后常跟一人，一物做双宾。谓语动词后常跟一人，一物做双宾。常见的常见的后跟后跟for的的双宾语动词：
15、双宾语动词：buy,make,leave,ask,buy,cook,choose,find等。等。a book.a bike.We saw him jump into the box.We saw them dancing.We saw him knocked down.结构五结构五：主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补(S+V+O+OC)作用：作用：说明宾语和宾补之间的关系说明宾语和宾补之间的关系1.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补(名词名词)We chooes him our leader.They call me Danny.2.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补(形容词形容词)I thin
16、k English easy and interesting.We must keep our room clean and tidy.3.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补(介词短语介词短语)They found him in the bedroom.I put a book into my bag.4.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补(动词不定式动词不定式)He told me to hand in my homework.Tom asks us to speak quietly.Dont let him _(leave).He always makes his brother _(cry).特殊：动词
17、不定式做宾补时，有时会省略特殊：动词不定式做宾补时，有时会省略to。1.感感 2.听听3.让让4.看看leavecryfeelhear，listen tohave，make，letlook at，watch，see，notice5.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补(现在分词现在分词)Listen!I hear someone _(cry).When I went past the classrom,I saw Tom _(do)his homework.I heard Tom_ (sing)the song.Lets invite Tom to play football.I saw him _(p
18、lay)football after school.现在分词做宾补，表示宾语是宾补动作的发现在分词做宾补，表示宾语是宾补动作的发出者，且表示出者，且表示正在进行正在进行。省略省略to的不定式做宾补，表示的不定式做宾补，表示经常发生经常发生或或已已发生发生的动作。的动作。cryingsingplaydoing6.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补(过去分词过去分词)We saw them dancing.We saw him knocked down.现在分词做宾补，表示宾语是宾补动作的发出现在分词做宾补，表示宾语是宾补动作的发出者，且表示者，且表示正在进行正在进行。现在分词做宾补，表示宾语是宾补动作的
19、现在分词做宾补，表示宾语是宾补动作的承受着。承受着。I want my bike repaired.划分句子成分划分句子成分:1.My sister is a nurse.2.They are drinking.3.They are drinking tea.4.The old man walks in the park.5.She passed him the salt.6.We keep the table clean._ S _V_ P_ S_ V_ S_ V_ O_ S_ V_ S_ V_ IO_ DO_ S_ V_ O_ C1.The spring is coming.2.In sp
20、ring,the weather becomes warmer.3.I have finished my homework.4.Show me your books.5.Keep them warm at night.S+VS+V+P S+V+O S+V+IO+DO S+V+O+C1.They work hard.2.The flower is dead.3.Plants need water.4.He gives me some seeds.5.We should keep the plants in the shade.6.Many animals live in trees.S+VS+V+PS+V+O S+V+IO+DOS+V+O+CS+V 1)鸟会在天空飞翔。鸟会在天空飞翔。Birds can fly in the sky.2)他喜欢踢足球。他喜欢踢足球。He likes playing football.3)我们非常激动。我们非常激动。We are very excited.4)他昨天给了我一本书。他昨天给了我一本书。He gave me a book yesterday.5)她告诉我下课后不要出去。她告诉我下课后不要出去。She told me not to go out after class.S+VS+V+OS+V+P S+V+IO+DOS+V+O+C
