1、复合句之宾语从句复合句之宾语从句根据结构根据结构分分1.简单句简单句2.并列句：并列句：3.复合句复合句状语从句状语从句宾语从句宾语从句定语从句定语从句表语从句表语从句主语从句主语从句同位语从句同位语从句并列，转折，选择，因果并列，转折，选择，因果宾语从句的句法功能宾语从句的句法功能1、作动词的宾语、作动词的宾语I think that watching TV too much is bad for eyes.I know that we can do it.My teacher often tells us that practice makes perfect.2、作介词的宾语、作介词的宾
2、语It all depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow.We talk about which book is better.3、作系表结构的宾语、作系表结构的宾语I am sure that he will come soon.I am afraid that I cant help you.宾语从句考点宾语从句考点1.时态时态 2.连词连词(引导词引导词)3.语序语序1.主句时态为现在主句时态为现在2.主句时态为过去主句时态为过去3.特殊情况特殊情况1.that2.if/whether3.特殊疑问词特殊疑问词陈述句陈述句一、连词一、连词1.t
3、hat引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句由由that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义。连词引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义。连词that无实无实际意义，不在从句中充当任何成分。际意义，不在从句中充当任何成分。I think it.(We can make it.)I think that we can make it.Tom says it.(He likes English.)Tom says that he likes English.We believe that we are the best.我们相信我们是最棒的。我们相信我们是最棒的。I am sorry that I didnt tell you
4、the news.很抱歉我没有告诉这个消息。很抱歉我没有告诉这个消息。I have dicided that I will go there by train.我已经决定乘飞机去那。我已经决定乘飞机去那。He tells me that he has arrived in Lanzhou.他告诉我他已经到兰州了。他告诉我他已经到兰州了。2.whether/if引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句whether/if引导的从句大多由一般疑问句直接引语引导的从句大多由一般疑问句直接引语变化而来。变化而来。whether/if在从句中不作成分，但含有在从句中不作成分，但含有“是否是否”之义，在句中不可省略。
5、之义，在句中不可省略。He asks it.(Does Tom like English?)He asks whether/if Tom likes English.I dont know it.(Will he come soon?)I dont know whether/if he will come soon.I ask them whether/if they would win the match.我问他们是否能赢得比赛。我问他们是否能赢得比赛。Do you care whether/if you win?你在乎你是否会赢吗？你在乎你是否会赢吗？He asked me whether
6、/if Miss Li was a teacher.他问我他问我Miss Li是否是一个老师。是否是一个老师。只用只用whether不用不用if的情况的情况引导介词后的宾语从句时。引导介词后的宾语从句时。It depends on whether it will snow tomorrow.I am interested in whether he likes English.与与or not或或or连用时。连用时。I asked your secretary whether she could come or not.Let me know whether he is a teacher o
7、r a doctor.有些动词，如有些动词，如discuss(讨论讨论),doubt(怀疑怀疑)等后的等后的宾语从句常用宾语从句常用whether引导。引导。Were discussing whether we should group these three companies.I doubt whether he will keep his promise.I wonder whether/if he likes dogs.宾语从句前置，置于句首时。宾语从句前置，置于句首时。We dont know whether/if they can come here on time.Whether
8、 they can come here on time,we dont know.I dont care whether/if they will join in the camp.Whether they will join in the camp,I dont care.与不定式连用时。与不定式连用时。I really dont know whether to accept or refuse.Next Monday the teacher will tell us whether to have a test.Next Mnday the teacher will tell us whe
9、ther we will have a test.3、疑问词引导的宾语从句、疑问词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可以由连接代词宾语从句可以由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导，它们在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、等引导，它们在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。表语和定语等，因此不能省略。宾语从句可由连接副宾语从句可由连接副when,where,how,why等引导，等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可以省略。它们在宾语从句中作状语，不可以省略。I ask.(What is he doing?)I ask what he is doing.I dont kn
10、ow.(Who is the man?)I dont know who the man is.He doesnt tell me.(When did he buy it?)He dosent tell me when he bought it.Can you tell me.(Where have they been?)Can you tell me where they have been?Do you know who will come this afternoon?连词作主语连词作主语I dont know whom you should depend on.连词作宾语连词作宾语I d
11、ont know what it is.连词作表语连词作表语Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?连词作定语连词作定语I wonder whose bike it is.连词作定语连词作定语He didnt tell me when the traffic accident had taken place.连词作时间状语连词作时间状语Your coat looks very nice.Could you tell me where you bought it?It is hard work.I wonder how you finished
12、 it in two days.Please explain why you are late again.连词作原因状语连词作原因状语连词作方式状语连词作方式状语连词作地点状语连词作地点状语1.Wang Hai told me_(how/why)he didnt go hiking yesterday afternoon.2.Can you tell me_(who/whom)else is going to be on duty today?3.She said_(that/if)it wouldnt matter much.4.He always thinks_(how/who)he c
13、an do better.5.I really dont know _(how long/how soon)the bridge will be finished.whywhothathowhow soon6.They dont know _(when/what)we are going hiking.7.She wanted to know_(when/if)her coat would be ready the next day.8.I was really surprised at_(what/where)I saw.9.I dont know_(how/why)so many peop
14、le are crowding round him.10.Do you know_(whose/whos)shirt it is?whenifwhatwhywhose二、时态二、时态宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态1.主句现在，从随便；主句现在，从随便；2.主句过去，从变换；主句过去，从变换；3.“宾从宾从”表达是真理，永远表达是真理，永远“一般现在时一般现在时”1.主句现在，从随便主句现在，从随便1.Mary says she _(come)back soon.2.He says that he often _(play)football after school.3.I hear that t
15、hey _(watch)a game now.4.Do you know if he _(be)to Beijing ever?5.I dont remember where he _(buy)the book yesterday.will comeplaysare watchinghas beenbought2.主句过去，从变换主句过去，从变换1.Mary said she _(come)back the next morning.2.He said that he often _(play)football after school.3.I heart that they _(watch)
16、a game at the time.4.Did you know if he _(be)to Beijing ever?5.I didnt remember where I _(buy)the book before.would comeplayedwere watchinghad beenhad bought3.“宾从宾从”表达是真理，永远表达是真理，永远“一般现在时一般现在时”The teacher said that the earth _(go)round the sun.Everyone knew that there _(be)sixty minutes in an hour.g
17、oesare三、语序三、语序所有从句中的语序都是陈述句语序，除倒装句外。所有从句中的语序都是陈述句语序，除倒装句外。1.Does her aunt live in Paris?(Im not sure)I am not sure if her aunt lives in Paris.2.When will he come here?(Do you know)Do you know when he will come here?3.My son has a cold.(she said)She said that her son had a cold.注意一下句子的语序。注意一下句子的语序。Wh
18、o went Beijing with you?What is the matter with you?What is wrong with you?What happened to you?上面的句子语序都是陈述语序，上面的句子语序都是陈述语序，Who和和what是句是句子的主语。子的主语。1.当主句的谓语动词是当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide,ask,tell,show,teach等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语一致这时语时，主从句的主语一致这时,从句可以简化成从句可以简化成“疑问词不疑问词不定式结构
19、定式结构”。I dont know which sweater I should buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.Could you tell me how I can get to the park?Could you tell me how to get to the park?I havent decided whether I will go to the party.I havent decided whether to go to the party.2.当句子满足一下条件，从句的否定往往体当句子满足一下条件，从句的否定往往体现在主句中：现
20、在主句中：A:主语是主语是第一人称第一人称B:时态必须是时态必须是一般现在时一般现在时C:主句谓语动词表示主句谓语动词表示观点，看法观点，看法等词，如：等词，如：think,suppose,guess,believe,expect,consider。我认为我不会按时到达。我认为我不会按时到达。I think that I wont arrive on time.I dont think that I will arrive on time.I dont think that you can do it,_?We dont believe the news is true,_?He thinks English is very useful,_?He didnt think the news is true,_?We think we will win the game,_?I suppose father is sleeping,_?I dont think you are right,_?can youis itdoesnt hedid hewont weisnt heare you
