1、语法专题六动词和动词短语教学目标:1.掌握动词的分类2.掌握实义动词的用法3.掌握动词短语动词和动词短语实义动词及物动词助动词 系动词：be,seem,sound,turn,become 等+表语 情态动词：becan,may,must等 动词辨析+宾语+双宾语+复合宾语动词词义辨析动词短语辨析+doing+donehave/has/had+done+been doingdo/does/didwill,shall,would,should不及物动词考点一 动词一、根据在句中的功能，动词可以分为以下四类1.实义动词定义：能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词。实义动词数量很多，
2、如 study，lean，enjoy，eat，wash，cut 等。eg:She studies English every day.她每天学英语。2.助动词定义：助动词木身无词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。它必须和主要动词连用，帮助构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有 be，have，do，will和 shall等eg:I dont want to go there today.我今天不想去那里。3.系动词定义：本身有意义，但不能单独作谓语，需和表语一起构成系表结构。常见的系动词有 be，become（变得），get（成为，变得），look（看上去），seem（似乎，好
3、像），turn（变得），sound（听起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（摸配来），keep（保持）等eg:He is stong.他很强壮。eg:It sounds great!那听起来很棒!4.情态动词在句子中通常用来表示能力允许必要禁止意愿可能等情感或态度的动词。这类动词词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，大多无人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need，have to,be able to,had better,will,stould,would 等eg:I can swim.我会游泳。注意 有些词是兼类词。如He
4、has gone to New York.他已去了纽约。（has 是助动词）He is having a meeting.他正在开会。（have 是实义动词）二、实义动词的分类实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。1.及物动词和不及物动词（1）及物动词定义：后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整。特点：不能单独使用，后面必须跟宾语用法：主语+及物动词+宾语 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语eg:He reached Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。eg:We call him Bill
5、.我们叫他比尔。eg:May I ask you a question?我可以问你一个问题吗?（2）不及物动词定义：后面后面 不能跟宾语，意思才已完整。特点：可以单独使用，后面可以加介词或副词组成动词短语，相当于一个及物动词。用法：主语+不及物动词 主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语 主语+不及物动词+副词+宾语eg:The man cooks.男人做饭。eg:He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天到达北京。eg:He took away the book.他拿走了这本书。2.延续性动词和非延续性动词（1）延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如
6、 live，stay，study，work，keep，teach 等。We have lived in China since 2001.自从 2001 年以来，我们一直住在中国。You can keep the book for two weeks.你可以借用这本书两周。（2）非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生便立即结束，如 buy，lend，borrow，die，begin，stop，finish，arrive，join，go，comc，catch 等。非延续性动词在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他词代替。He arrived here f
7、ive days ago.他五天前到这儿的。He has been here for five days.他已经到这儿五天了。（这里不能用 has arived）三、常见的动词词义辨析三个“到达”getget to+地点名词 reach及物动词，后面可直接跟地点名词 arrivein+大地点（名词）at+小地点（名词）三个“借”borrow非延续性动词，表示主语借入，常 用搭配 borrow sth.from sb.lend非延续性动词，表示主语借出，常用搭配lend sth to sb.keep延续性动词，表示长时间地借三个“穿”dressdress sb.给某人穿衣服;dress sb.u
8、p装 扮某人 put on 穿上、戴上，表示动作wear穿着、戴着，表示状态 四个“看”see看见，表示结果 look看，表示动作，是不及物动词，后面需加介词才能跟宾语watch观看（比赛、电视）read看（书、报），表示阅读 四个“拿”bring带来、拿来，指从别处带到说话处 take拿去、带走，指从说话处带到别处carry提、拿、搬，多指用力移动，没有方向 fetch去取、去拿，表示动作往返的过程四个“说”speak作及物动词时后常接表示语言的名词say常跟直接引语或间接引语，并且表示说的内容talk是不及物动词，常跟介词 to 或 with，意为 同谈活，也表示具有说话的能力 tell意
9、为告诉，与story连用，意为讲故事 四个“花费”spend人作主语，表示花费时间或金钱，后接 on sth.或（in）doing sth.cost物作主语，表示某物花费多少钱 take可用于固定句型，表示花费一段时间做某事，其结构为 It+takes/took+一段 时间+to do sth.pay多与介词 for 连用 两个“找”look for 强调寻找的过程 find强调找的结果两个“听”listen to 提listen为不及物动词，与to 组成固定搭配，强调听的动作 hear 强调听的结果四个有关“输、赢”lose 意为输，常用搭配为 lose to sb.fail 意为失败或未做
10、成某事beat 意为打败，后接sb.或某支队伍win 意为赢得，如 赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等三个“参加”join一般指加人党派或组织，如参军、入党等take part in 指参加聚会或活动 attend 一般指出席会议四个“变化”turn 一般用于颜色的变化get 天变黑、变长或变短become 天气变暖或变冷等，表示渐变grow 形状变大或变小考点二 动词短语一、由两个或两个以上的词（以动词为中心）在一起构成的短语就是动词短语。常见的动词短语有如下几种形式动词+介词laugh at 嘲笑 worry about 担忧 agree with 赞成 ask for 请求 talk about 谈
11、论 wait for 等待动词+副词pick up 捡起 grow up 长大look out 当心 stay up 熬夜动词+名词make progress 取得进步 make faces 做鬼脸动词+名词+介词 make friends with和交朋友give ones life to.献身于动词+副词+介词 stay away from 远离 get along with进展;相处动词+介词+名词 go to bed上床睡觉 go to school去上学二、常见的动词短语take 短语take up 占据take away带走;解除，消除（感情、痛苦等）take off 起飞;脱掉
12、take down 写下;记下take out 拿出来 take place 发生 take care of 照顾 take part in 参加make 短语make a decision 做出决定 make a mistake 犯错 make a living 谋生 make up 组成;构成turn 短语 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn up 调高;开大 turn down 调低;关小 turn in 上交 turn out 结果是give 短语give up 放弃give in 屈服;让步 give away 捐赠 give out 散发;分发give off
13、发出（光、热等）get 短语get to 到达 get up 起床;起来 get over 克服 get on 进展 get off离开 get together 相聚 get ready for.为做准备keep 短语keep out 留在外面keep off 使不接近;回避某话题keep up with 熟悉，了解(消息、形势等)keep away from 远离 keep in touch 保持联系keep healthy 保持健康put 短语put up 搭建;张贴 put on 穿上;上演put off 推迟 put out 熄灭 put away把收起来put down写下;记下p
14、ut up with 容忍 look 短语 look at 看 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 look up 查阅 look through 浏览 look around 环顾come 短语 come on 加油;快点 come out 出现;出版 come over 短暂造访 come along 出现go 短语 go on 继续 go back 回到 go away 走开;离开 go by（时间）流逝 go over 仔细检查 go off 爆炸三个（be）used tobe used to doing sth.习惯做某事，此时 to 是介词，后用v.-ing形式us
15、ed to do sth.过去常常做某事 be used to do sth.被用来做某事题组训练 单项选择 Bob is taking the desks away because they_too much room.A.stand up B.pick up C.take up D.listen upAre we going to have a sports meeting on Friday Li Ping?No,itll be_till next week because of the bad weather.A.put out B.put on C.put away D.put of
16、f Mum,where are my socks?Under your bed.You should_your things.A.put onB.put down C.put away D.put upI used to quarrel a lot with my parents,but now we _just fine together.A.get along B.get upC.get away D.get offIt was a difficult time for the quake-hit victims in Yaan,but theydidnt_hope.A.give up B
17、.give off C.give in D.give out CDCAAA组 考点一 动词1.（2020 江西）The performer_ because there was too much noise coming from the crowd.A.continued B.relaxedC.stopped D.won2.（2020 湖北武汉）What makes you _were going to sell the house?I hear that youve got a job abroad.A.doubtB.wonderC.promiseD.suppose3.（2020新疆）Pa
18、y no attention to those who laugh at you.What_most is how you see yourself.A.drinksB.mattersC.caresD.mindsCDB4.（2020 内蒙古包头）Livestreaming（直播）_a new chance for traditional culture artists.A.practies B.providesC.promises D.protects5.（2020 辽宁营口）Last Thursday when I got to the railway station,I_I left my
19、 ID card at home.A.realisedB.believed C.thoughtD.considered6.（2020天津）I was busy this morning and didnt have time to_my email.A.wasteB.punishC.believe D.checkBAD 考点二 动词短语1.（2020天津）Lang Ping is a symbol of courage and success,andwe_her.A.come from B.stand forC.take pride in D.get ready for2.（2020湖北武汉）
20、You have plenty of homework，dont you?Yeah,it_the little time I have outside of school.A.makes up B.takes upC.turns down D.breaks down 3.（2020云南昆明）Its reported that the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games have been_until July 23,2021.A.put up B.put down C.put on D.put offCBD4.（2020湖北黄冈）It is very cold outside，d
21、ear.You have to_ your warm jacket.OK.I will,Mom.A.put on B.put off C.take off D.take up5.（2020辽宁营口）Tonys room is tidy，isnt it?Yes.Because he always_ his toys after playing with them.A.moves away B.puts awayC.sweeps away D.gives away6.（2020新疆）I don know how to_the old clothes.You can give them away t
22、o the charity.A.hand in B.deal with C.take up D.clean upABB7.（2020内蒙古包头）Hes already playing in a band and he only_playing the guitar a year ago!A.took up B.set up C.put upD.gave up8.（2020吉林）We mustnt_ the bus until it stops.A.get off B.put off C.turn off9（2020贵州贵阳）Drugs are harmful to people physica
23、l and mental health.We teenagers must _them.A.take care of B.kep away from C.get used to10.（2020山西）This year marks Earth Days 50th birthday.It was created to remind people to _the earththe home to all the living things.A.talk about B.care about C.hear aboutAABBB组考点一 动词1.（2019江西）Youll have to _the bo
24、oks because there arenenough for everyone.A.packB.sell C.chooseD.share2.（2019天津）We should _making a noise in the library.A.avoid B.preferC.practiseD.enjoy3.（2019新疆）Mum likes_soap operas.Lets buy a TV for her.A.becomingB.watching C lookingD.smelling4.（2019湖北武汉）Have you_ chemistry for the coming exam?
25、Yes.Im quite ready for it.A.repeatedB.copied C.markedD.reviewedDABD5.（2019内蒙古呼和浩特）Jack，lets have a picnic after school.Sorry.I have _Frank to work on the biology report with him.A.advised B.expectedC.suggested D.promised6.（2019 云南）I cant find my keys.Maybe I _them at home this morning.A.left B.forgo
26、t C.lostD.missed7.（2018 江西）The food is very delicious in the restaurant.We could go and _it.A.sell B.helpC.produce D.try8.（2018天津）I am afraid we cannot_ to take a taxi.Lets go by underground instead.A.refuse B.afford C.forget D.fallDADB9（2018新疆）Wow;your sweater is very beautiful!How much is it?Thank
27、 you.It _me 30 dollars.A.spend B.paid C.cost D.take10.（2018内蒙古包头）I know what you are thinking about.I can_ your mind from the look on your face.A.stay B.spare C.read D.attend 11.（2017黑龙江哈尔滨）If we travel abroad，we prefer to stay in five-star hotels.Thats because they_ guests with the best service to
28、make them feel at homeA.preview B.provide C.preventCCB考点二 动词短语1.（2019 天津）If you want to join the Music Club，_the form,please.A.go out B.fill out C.get up D.warm up2.（2019 新疆）Im afraid his radio is too noisy.Will you please_him to_ a little?Sure.A.ask;turn it down B.allow;turn it onC.tell;turn it up
29、D.advise;turn it off3.（2019 内蒙古呼和浩特）I really need to take more exercise because Im_weight.A.putting down B.putting onC.putting off D.putting awayBAB4.（2019湖北武汉）Why were you shouting at Tom?I told him to be quiet,but he_talking.A.joined in B.ended up C.kept on D.put off5.（2019 黑龙江齐齐哈尔）Our school has_
30、a sign at the gate,sayingGreet your child with a smile,not a mobile.A.put upB.put off C.put on6.（2019 河南）I asked my father to_me_at the school gate at 6:30 so that we could visit Grandma together.A.pick;up B.turn;down C.let;downD.cheer;upCAA 7.（2019 河北）On the first day of Chinese New Year，we_new clo
31、thes and visit people.A.pick up B.put onC.take off D.throw away8.（2019 广西北部湾经济区）John，please_your dictionary from the schoolbag and look up the new word.A.take away B.take up C.take offD.take out9.（2018 新疆）Jim，its dark now.Please_the light in the room.OK,Mum.A.turn on B.turn up C.turn off D.turn down
32、BDA10.（2018吉林长春）When you meet a new word，you can _ in a dictionary.A.cut it upB.clean it up C.look it upD.put it up11.（2018 内蒙古包头）Terry，_from your cell phone when your father is talking to you.A.look up B.look around C.look down D.look out12.（2017重庆）No one can be right all the time.When people make mistakes,we shouldnt_them.A.wait for B.send for C.knock at D.laugh atCADThank you
