1、被动语态被动语态 英语中的语态分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。将将主主动结构动结构中的中的宾语宾语变为变为被被动结构动结构中的中的主主语语，将将主主动结构动结构中的中的谓语动词谓语动词变为变为“be/get+be/get+过过去分去分词词”形式，形式，将将主主动结构动结构中的主中的主语语变为变为介介词词by by 的的宾语宾语 eg:eg:We We cleanedcleaned the the room yesterdayroom yesterday.The The room room was was cleancleaned ed
2、 by usby us yesterday.yesterday.We plant some trees.主语 谓语 宾语 主动语态 by us.主语 谓语 宾语 被动语态一般现在时的被动语态：主语+am/is/are+V-过去分词+其它.He speaks English.他讲英语 English is spoken by him.（肯定句)English isnt spoken by him.(否定句)Is English spoken by him？（一般疑问句）一般过去时的被动语态：主语+was/were+V-过去分词+其他.He wrote the book last year.他去年
3、写了这本书。The book was written by him last year.(肯定句)The book wasnt written by him last year.(否定句)Was the book written by him last year?（一般疑问句）一般将来时的被动语态：主语+shall/will be+V-过去分词+其他 My teacher will answer the question.我的老师将要回答这个问题。The question will be answered by my teacher.(肯定句)The question wont be answ
4、ered by my teacher.(否定句)Will the question be answered by my teacher？（一般疑问句）现在进行时的被动语态 主语+am/is/are+being+V-过去分词 He is doing his homework now.他现在正在做作业。His homework is being done by him now.(肯定句)His homework isnt being done by him now.(否定句)Is his homework being done by him now?（一般疑问句）现在完成时的被动语态 主语+hav
5、e/has+been+V-过去分词 He has finished his homework.他完成了他的作业.His homework has been finished by him.(肯定句)His homework hasnt been finished by him.(否定句)Has his homework been finished by him?（一般疑问句）带有带有双宾语双宾语（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是（宾语既有人又有物）的被动结构是:1.将将间接宾语间接宾语(人人)变为主语，直接宾语变为主语，直接宾语(物物)不变。不变。2.将将直接宾语直接宾语(物物)变为主语，一般要
6、在间接宾语前变为主语，一般要在间接宾语前加介词加介词to或或for.但一般采用第一种变法但一般采用第一种变法含有双宾语的句子变被动语态含有双宾语的句子变被动语态带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时带有双宾语的主动语态变被动语态时,直接或间接宾语都可做主语直接或间接宾语都可做主语如果把直接宾语（指物）变为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加上适当的介词如果把直接宾语（指物）变为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加上适当的介词 如如to或或for eg:My mother bought me a new bike.=I was bought a new bike by my mother.=A new bike
7、was bought for me by my mother.Jack has given Tom a book.=A book has been given to Tom by Jack.=Tom has been given a book by Jack.:注意特殊情况使役动词（使役动词（make,have,let等）和感官动词（等）和感官动词（see,watch,observe,feel,hear,等）在主动语态中，接不带等）在主动语态中，接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在的不定式作宾语补足语，但在变为被动语态时则必须带变为被动语态时则必须带toeg:I saw him fall of
8、f the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.see sb.doing sth.sb.be seen doing sth.I saw him playing football at that moment.He was seen playing football at that moment.动词短语变被动时，后面的介词或副词不能省略take care of be t
9、aken care ofcut down be cut downlaugh at be laughed atlook after be looked after 约翰打开了收音机约翰打开了收音机 John turned on the radio.The radio was turned on.奶奶照看我姐姐。奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.My sister is taken care of by Grandma.我们必须对老人礼貌的说话。We must speak to old people politely.Old people must b
10、e spoken to politely.练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。练习：将下列主动语态改为被动语态句子。1.The fastest player finished the game in eight hours.2.We took many photos.3.They use this room for playing table tennis.4.The bank built a park for them.Key：1.The game was finished by the fastest player in eight hours.2.Many photos were ta
11、ken by us.3.This room is used for playing table tennis by them.4.A park was built for them by the bank.1.They showed Jack carefully how to use it.Jack carefully how to use it.2.Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.The 29th Olympic Games in 2008.3.Miss Deng teaches us English._ _4.They sa
12、w the boy playing basketball at 3:00 yesterday.The boy_ at 3:00 yesterday.Key：1.was showed 2.will be held by Beijing 3.We are taught English by Miss Deng English is taught us by Miss Deng 4.was seen play basketball不用被动语态的几这种情况:1).不及物动词没有被动语态。不及物动词没有被动语态。如：如：belong,happen,take place,last,come true,re
13、main,succeed,fall,die,arrive,break out,appear,last,start等。等。1.Great changes have taken place in this city.2.That bike doesnt belong to Mike.当动词表示某种情况或状态而不是表示动作就不能用被动语态。常见的有：当动词表示某种情况或状态而不是表示动作就不能用被动语态。常见的有：become of 结果成为、遭受，结果成为、遭受，look like 看起来像，看起来像，suit 适合，适合，contain 包含，包含，equal 等于，等于，hold 容纳，容纳，
14、mean 意味着，意味着，consist of 由由组成，等组成，等 eg:This room can hold 1000 people.这个房间能容纳这个房间能容纳1000人。人。4.系动词没有被动语态和进行时态系动词没有被动语态和进行时态 这鱼味道很好。这鱼味道很好。The fish tastes good.这条围巾摸上去很软。这条围巾摸上去很软。The scarf feels soft.5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如例如：【正正】You must look after yourself【误误】Yourself must be lo
15、oked after 4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。这书很好卖。The book sells well.这书卖完了。这书卖完了。The book is sold out.这种布很好洗。这种布很好洗。This kind of cloth washes very well.need的被动语态 need to be done=need doing 这块表需要修理一下。这块表需要修理一下。We need to mend the watch.（被动语态）（被动语态）The watch needs mending.=The watch needs to be mended.
