1、中考专项中考专项非谓语动词非谓语动词考向导航考向导航 非谓语动词在中考中的考查形式以单项选择和非谓语动词在中考中的考查形式以单项选择和完形填空为主,语法填空偶尔涉及。完形填空为主,语法填空偶尔涉及。动词不定式和动名词的考查较多,其中对动词动词不定式和动名词的考查较多,其中对动词不定式的考查主要体现在不定式作目的状语和宾语,不定式的考查主要体现在不定式作目的状语和宾语,以及以及make.letmake.let等词后省略等词后省略to to 的不定式用法的不定式用法 动名词的考查主要集中在固定搭配和介词后接动动名词的考查主要集中在固定搭配和介词后接动名词的用法。名词的用法。过去分词过去分词/现在分
2、词在中考中属于冷考点,考查现在分词在中考中属于冷考点,考查较少。较少。1234动词不动词不定式定式(to)+动动词原形词原形动名词动名词v-ing v-ing 现在分词现在分词v-ing v-ing 过去分词过去分词v-ed(v-ed(规规则变化)则变化)知识清单知识清单考点一、不定式考点一、不定式句法句法功能功能说明说明例句例句主语主语 作主语的不定式,常用作主语的不定式,常用it it 作形式主语,把不定式后作形式主语,把不定式后置置It is not easy for me to learn English well.宾语宾语 要注意一些表示命令、打要注意一些表示命令、打算或希望的动词,
3、只能用算或希望的动词,只能用不定式作宾语。不定式作宾语。They decided to give up taking the exam.宾补宾补 不定式作宾补时与宾语有不定式作宾补时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系;一些逻辑上的主谓关系;一些使役动词和感官动词后的使役动词和感官动词后的不定式要省略不定式要省略to to The boss made them work the whole night.定语定语 高频考点:复合不定代词高频考点:复合不定代词+不定式,要注意不定式要不定式,要注意不定式要后置后置Have you got anything to say?There is nothing to
4、worry about.状语状语 主要考查作目的状语表示主要考查作目的状语表示目的目的Every morning he gets up early to do exercise.考点一、不定式考点一、不定式高频考点高频考点(1)It+be+adj.+of+sb.+to do sth.某人能做某事真是太某人能做某事真是太了了此类形容词通常是表示主观感情或态度的形此类形容词通常是表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如容词。如:good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish,right,wrong,careful,careless 等。等。如如:Its very wise of you
5、 to do it ahead of time.考点一、不定式考点一、不定式高频考点高频考点(2)It+be+adj.+for+sb.+to do sth.对某人来说做某事真是太对某人来说做某事真是太了。了。此类形容词通常是表示客观情况的形容词。此类形容词通常是表示客观情况的形容词。如如:easy,hard,difficult,important,necessary,impossible,interesting等。等。如如:Its necessary for us to take a map when traveling.考点一、不定式考点一、不定式高频考点高频考点(3)too.to 结构与结
6、构与 enough to 结构结构too.to 太太而不能而不能enough to 足够足够以至于能以至于能如如:The water is too hot to drink.考点一、不定式考点一、不定式高频考点高频考点(4)主语主语+think/find+it+adj.+to do sth.某人认为某人认为/发现做某事发现做某事如如:I think it easy to finish the article in three hours.考点一、不定式考点一、不定式高频考点高频考点(5)prefer to do.rather than do.宁愿做宁愿做而不愿做而不愿做如如:I prefer
7、to do work rather than do nothing at home.考点一、不定式考点一、不定式高频考点高频考点(6)had better(+not)+省略省略 to的不定式。的不定式。Youd better hand in the report to Mr.Li tomorrow.(7)Why not+省略省略to 的不定式。的不定式。Why not take a walk after dinner?考点一、不定式考点一、不定式常见的不定式作宾语的动词:常见的不定式作宾语的动词:want/would like/wish/hope/decide/manage/agree/exp
8、ect/prefer/afford/refuse/learn/plan/continue/promise/used to do sth.考点一、不定式考点一、不定式常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词词:(v.+sb.to do sth.)tell sb.to do sth.告诉某人做某事告诉某人做某事 allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事允许某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事 ask sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事要求某人做某事 invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事邀请
9、某人做某事 teach sb.to do sth.教某人做某事教某人做某事 考点一、不定式考点一、不定式常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词词:(v.+sb.to do sth.)force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事强迫某人做某事 expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事期望某人做某事advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事建议某人做某事 persuade sb.to do sth.劝告某人做某事劝告某人做某事 wish sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事希望某人做某事 want sb.to do sth.想要某人
10、做某事想要某人做某事经典考题经典考题1.(2021海南省中考)I have less homework than before!Me too.Now,we have enough time _ sports.A.doB.doingC.to do【答案】【答案】C经典考题经典考题2.(2021吉林长春中考)吉林长春中考)_ myself,I will take up a hobby like painting this summer.A.Improve B.ImprovingC.To improve D.Improved【答案】【答案】C经典考题经典考题3.(2021江苏南京中考)江苏南京中考)
11、I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve,because it allows people _ closer to them.A.getB.to getC.getting D.got【答案】【答案】B经典考题经典考题4.(2021江苏苏州中考)江苏苏州中考)The policeman told the children _ in the river.Its too dangerous!A.to not swim B.not to swimC.not swim D.not swimming【答案】【答案
12、】B经典考题经典考题5.(2021云南中考)云南中考)The earth is in great danger now.We have to do something _ it.A.protect B.protectingC.to protectD.protected【答案】【答案】C考点二、动名词考点二、动名词一般式:一般式:v v-ing形式同现在分词形式形式同现在分词形式动名词的用法动名词的用法1.1.作主语的用法:作主语的用法:1 1)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、)动名词作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。习惯性的动作。2 2)动名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。动名词作主语时,谓语动词用
13、单数。Seeing is believing.2.动名词作宾语的用法动名词作宾语的用法 1)有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。有些动词或短语动词后常用动名词作宾语。如如:feel like(想要想要),mind(介意)(介意),suggest(建议)(建议),enjoy(喜欢)(喜欢),avoid(避免)(避免),finish(完成)(完成),keep(坚持坚持),miss(错过)(错过),practice(练习)(练习)+v-ing 2)动名词作介词宾语动名词作介词宾语 look forward to+v-ing(渴望,盼望)(渴望,盼望)without+v-ing (没有没有)be a
14、gainst+v-ing(反对,抗议)(反对,抗议)prevent/keep/stopfrom+v-ing(防止,阻止)(防止,阻止)thankfor+v-ing(因(因而感谢而感谢)be interested in+v-ing(对(对感兴趣)感兴趣)give up+v-ing (放弃做某事)(放弃做某事)be afraid of+v-ing(害怕做某事)害怕做某事)注意注意:(1)有些动词后面,如)有些动词后面,如forget,remember,stop,try,mean,regret、go on等,等,既可跟动既可跟动名词也可跟不定式作宾语名词也可跟不定式作宾语,但是意义不一样。,但是意义
15、不一样。forget regret remember to do doing 未发生的动作未发生的动作已经发生的动作已经发生的动作go on doing.go on to do .stop doing.stop to do.继续做同一件事情继续做同一件事情继续做另一件事情继续做另一件事情停止做某事停止做某事停下来做另一件事停下来做另一件事try doing.try to do .试着做某事试着做某事尽力做某事尽力做某事 He forgot paying for the book.他忘了曾经付了买书的钱。他忘了曾经付了买书的钱。(他付过钱了他付过钱了)He forgot to pay for t
16、he book.他忘了去付买书的钱。他忘了去付买书的钱。(他没有付过钱他没有付过钱)Stop talking.(停止说话停止说话)I stopped to talk with Tom.(停下正在做的事开始和(停下正在做的事开始和Tom说话)说话)在在allow,advise直接跟动名词作宾语,如果有直接跟动名词作宾语,如果有名词或代词作宾语,则构成名词或代词作宾语,则构成“allowadvise名词代词不定式形式。名词代词不定式形式。即:即:allow/advise doing sth.allow/advise sb.to do sth.We dont allow smoking here W
17、e dont allow anybody to smoke here 3.动名词作定语。动名词作定语。动名词作定语时一般前置,与所修饰的名词动名词作定语时一般前置,与所修饰的名词间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,表用途。间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,表用途。reading room 阅览室阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池游泳池 dining car 餐车餐车 singing competition 歌咏比赛歌咏比赛 waiting room候车室候车室注:动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别注:动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别:a walking stick a swimming pool a sl
18、eeping car区别区别the walking manthe swimming girlthe sleeping boy动名词修饰名词表示动名词修饰名词表示名词的功能名词的功能现在分词修饰名词表示现在分词修饰名词表示该名词该名词所处的状态所处的状态经典考题经典考题1.(2021湖北十堰中考)湖北十堰中考)The film Hi,Mom(你好(你好,李焕英)李焕英)is moving,and I think it is well worth _.A.seeB.to be seenC.seeing D.to see【答案】【答案】C经典考题经典考题2.(2021江苏苏州中考)江苏苏州中考)Du
19、ring our holidays we should avoid _ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.A.stayB.to stay C.stayed D.staying【答案】【答案】D经典考题经典考题3.(2021辽宁营口中考)辽宁营口中考)The lecture(讲座)(讲座)is worth _.Please tell John _ late.A.attend;not be B.to attend;to beC.attended;to being D.attending;not to be【答案】【答案】D经典考题经典考题4.(
20、2021山东临沂中考)山东临沂中考)Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from _ directly in your eyes.A.shine B.shining C.to shine【答案】【答案】B经典考题经典考题5.(2021上海中考)上海中考)Michael and his friends practise _ table tennis after school every day.A.playB.played C.playingD.to play【答案】【答案】C经典考题经典考题6.(2021四川泸州中考)四川泸州中考)A grou
21、p of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble _ proper living place.We should help them.A.findB.foundC.to find D.finding【答案】【答案】D考点三、过去分词考点三、过去分词(了解)(了解)区分:区分:现在分词表示正在进行现在分词表示正在进行过去分词表示已完成过去分词表示已完成boiling water 正在沸腾的水正在沸腾的水 boiled water 沸水,开水沸水,开水developing countries 发展中国家发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家发达国家