1、Made by Qianmo-studioMade by Qianmo-studio语法复习12 主从复合句Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点思维导图Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查1状语从句 状语从句的考查点主要集中在引导状语从句的连词和状语从句的时态等方面。状语从句分为地点状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句。现归纳如下:1.初中阶段常见的状语从句的引导词Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查连词用法例句when/while 当时引导时
2、间状语从句My mother was cooking when I got home.当我到家时,我妈妈正在做饭。Dont talk while youre eating.吃饭时不要说话。before 在之前Try to finish your work before you leave.你离开前尽力把你的工作做完。after 在之后After we have finished tea,we will sit on the grass.喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。till/until 直到为止They kept on working until it became dark.他们一直工作到天黑
3、。as soon as 一就Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her.我一收到她的来信就通知你。since 自从Shes been playing tennis since she was eight.她从八岁起就打网球了。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）连词用法例句if 如果引导条件状语从句If it is fine tomorrow,I will go for a picnic.如果明天晴天,我就去野餐。unless 除非You will fail unless you work hard.你若不努力就会失败
4、。as long as 只要Youll succeed as long as you work hard.只要你努力学习,你就会成功。because 因为引导原因状语从句He couldnt go to school because he had a cold.他因感冒而不能去上学。since 既然Since everybody is here,lets begin our discussion.既然大家都到了,我们就开始讨论吧。as 因为As he is not at home,please leave a message.由于他不在家,请留个口信。Qianmo-studioQianmo-s
5、tudio考点速查（续表）连词用法例句so that 以便于引导目的状语从句Speak clearly so that they may understand you.说清楚,以便他们能明白你的意思。in order that 为了We used the computer in order that we might save time.我们使用计算机是为了节约时间。sothat如此以至于引导结果状语从句Its so difficult a question that none of us can answer it.那是一个很难的问题,以至于我们没有一个人能回答它。suchthat如此以至于
6、He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.他关窗户用力很大,结果玻璃震碎了。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）连词用法例句though/although 虽然;尽管引导让步状语从句Although/Though he is tired,he is very happy.他虽然累却很快乐。（not）asas（不）如一样引导比较状语从句Carol speaks English as well as you do.卡罗尔英语说得和你一样好。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速
7、查2.主句与从句时态一致的问题在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句的时态一致一般分为下列三种情况:（1）主现从现:若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词,那么从句用一般现在时表示将来。Be careful when you cross the road.过马路时要小心。The traffic must stop when the lights are red.当红灯亮时,车辆必须停下来。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（2）主将从现:主句用一般将来时,而从句用一般现在时表示将来。I will visit my good friend when I have time
8、.当我有空时,我将去看望我的好友。If she is here tomorrow,I will go to the park with her.如果明天她来这里,我将和她一起去公园。（3）过去时态:若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情,则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。My sister was playing the piano when I got home yesterday.昨天我到家时,我妹妹正在弹钢琴。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查【拓展】（1）宾语从句和状语从句同时出现I dont know if（是否）he will come.If（如果）he com
9、es,I will tell him about the accident.我不知道他是否会来。如果他来的话,我将告诉他这起事故。I dont know when（什么时候）he will come tomorrow.When（当的时候）he comes,I will tell him about the news.我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时,我将告诉他这个消息。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（2）sothat和suchthat的用法用法例句so+形容词或副词+that从句She is so lovely that we all love her.她如此可
10、爱,我们所有人都喜欢她。so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that从句It is so interesting a book that he enjoys reading it.如此有趣的一本书,他很喜欢读。so+many/few+可数名词复数+that从句There were so many people in the supermarket that we had to wait for a long time.超市里的人如此多,我们不得不等了很长时间。so+much/little（少）+不可数名词+that从句He has so much money that he can affo
11、rd the house.他有那么多的钱,能买得起这座房子。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）用法例句such+a/an（+形容词）+可数名词单数+that从句He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.他是那么好的一位老师,我们所有人都尊重他。such（+形容词）+可数名词复数+that从句They are such interesting movies that children love them very much.如此有趣的电影,孩子们非常喜欢它们。such（+形容词）+不可数名词+that从句
12、It was such bad weather that we had to stay at home.天气太糟糕了,我们不得不待在家里。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点一 引导词2宾语从句引导词用法例句that如果宾语从句是陈述句,常用that引导,that本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略The radio says（that）it will rain tomorrow.收音机说明天要下雨。if,whether如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转化而来,用if或whether引导,在句中意为“是否”I wonder if/whether you have told
13、 the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。who,whose,which,when,where,why,how,what如果宾语从句由特殊疑问句转化而来,应用连接代词或连接副词引导Could you tell me what he said to you?你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗?Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查【注意】下列几种情况,宾语从句中的引导词通常用whether:（1）表示“是否”,尤其是直接与or not 连用时,往往用whether。I dont know whether or not he has come b
14、ack.我不知道他是否已经回来了。（2）在介词后面只能用whether,不能用if。This depends upon whether we are determined to do it.这要看我们是否有决心去做。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（3）和动词不定式连用时,只能用whether,不能用if。He doesnt know whether to stay or not.他不知道是否要留下来。（4）在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。We discussed whether we should make a chang
15、e in our plan.我们讨论了是否应该对计划进行变动。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点二 语序 无论主句是什么语序,在宾语从句中,除了引导词放在从句的句首外,其余部分要用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+”。但是,当连接代词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时,则要保持原来的语序,即“连接代词+谓语+”。The teacher asked me why I was late this morning.老师问我今天早晨为什么迟到了。I dont know who is the richest of them.（who在宾语从句中作主语）我不知道他们当中谁最富有。Qianmo
16、-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点三 时态 宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约,这种现象被称为前后时态的一致性。宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况:1.主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况可用各种时态。Do you know who he was talking with at eight last Sunday?你知道上周日八点他正在和谁谈话吗?Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查2.主句是一般过去时,从句也应用过去的某种时态。The teacher wanted to know if her students had finished their
17、 homework.这位老师想知道她的学生是否已完成了家庭作业。3.当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时,其时态不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现在时。She said the sun rises in the east.她说太阳从东方升起。I didnt know you like classical music.我过去不知道你喜欢古典音乐。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查【思维拓展】（1）否定前移在含有think（认为）,believe（相信）,suppose（设想）,expect（期待）等动词的宾语从句中,如果从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否定式要前移,即将主句的谓
18、语动词think,believe,suppose,expect等变为否定形式。I dont think Lingling will come with you.我认为玲玲不会和你一起来。【注意】如果宾语从句中有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it,将从句放在宾语补足语之后。I thought it strange that she didnt come.我认为她没来很奇怪。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（2）宾语从句的简化当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to
19、do”结构的简单句。当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望能收到你的电子邮件。I dont know what I should say.=I dont know what to say.我不知道要说什么。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查【巧学妙记】宾语从句用法宾语从句三注意,时态、语序、引导词。主句若是过去时,主从时态要一
20、致。宾从表达是真理,一般现在代过去。引导词也不难,陈述要用that连。一般问句表“是否”,if或whether来引导。特殊问句作宾从,疑问词引导没问题。重要一点要牢记,宾从呈现陈述语序。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查3定语从句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。He is the manwhoI want to see.先行词 关系词定语从句他就是我想要见的那个人。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查 引导定语从句的有关系代词who,that,which,whom
21、,whose和关系副词when,where,why。一般情况下,如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词,关系词应用who,whom,whose或that;先行词如果是表示物的名词或代词,关系词应用whose,that或which。关系词有三个作用:1.引导定语从句;2.代替先行词;3.在定语从句中充当某种成分。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点一 关系代词的用法关系词所作成分 先行词例句that,who主语、宾语人I will never forget the man that/who/whom I saw last year.（作宾语）我永远不会忘记我去年见到的那个人。
22、The person who/that broke the window must pay for it.（作主语）打破窗户的人必须要赔偿。whom宾语that,which主语、宾语 物This is the novel which/that is written in English.（作主语）这是那本用英语写的小说。The letter which/that I received yesterday was from a friend of mine.（作宾语）我昨天收到的信来自我的一个朋友。whose定语人、物The boy whose father is a doctor studie
23、s very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他的爸爸是医生。The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查【注意】1.关系代词只能用that的情况分类例句先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时This is the fourth film that has been shown in our school this term.这是我们学校本学期放映的第四部电影。先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,
24、none,the one等不定代词时Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few 等修饰时This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。（同一辆车）Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查（续表）分类例句先行词里同时含有人或物时I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw
25、 in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用thatWho is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用thatThere is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.桌子上有汤姆的一本书。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查2.关系代词只能用which的情况:（1）当关系词前面有介词,指物时常用which。The company in which he works
26、 is big.他工作的那家公司很大。（2）非限制性定语从句指物时,多用which。The result of the experiment was very good,which pleased us.实验的结果很好,这令我们十分高兴。（3）如果先行词本身是that或those,只能用which。This is that which he bought yesterday.这就是他昨天买的那个（东西）。Qianmo-studioQianmo-studio考点速查考点二 关系副词的用法关系副词例句when表示时间,在从句中作时间状语I will never forget the day whe
27、n we met each other.我不会忘记我们相遇的那一天。where表示地点,在从句中作地点状语Its the place where I was born.这是我出生的地方。why表示原因,在从句中作原因状语,先行词是reasonThis is the reason why he was late for school.这就是他上学迟到的原因。关系副词与关系代词的转换:when=介词+whichI still remember the year when I entered school.（when=in which）我仍然记得我进校的那一年。where=介词+whichThis is the factory where my father works.（where=in which）这是我父亲工作的工厂。why=for whichThat is the reason why he didnt come to school.（why=for which）那是他没来上学的原因。
