1、2022届山西省临汾市高考考前适应性训练考试（二）英语试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解Graphic Design for 13 to 16 Year Olds Online Short CourseCourse descriptionGraphic Design for 13 to 16 year olds will explore the world of visual communication as you unravel the possibilities of graphic design.Through a series of fun and engaging w
2、orkshops, you will experiment with a range of hands-on materials and processes.Well encourage you to develop your work through brainstorming and visual research, to feed your inspiration.Course outcomesYoull leave with a small body of work and a broader understanding of the possibilities offered by
3、working in the area of graphic design. You will have gained skills that can be used in building a future portfolio(作品集).All our Online Short Courses include:*Live online lessons with the same tutors*Access to VLE with course content*Forums for support*Certificate upon completionHow to book:*Click “a
4、dd to basket”*If you are an adult booking a place for a child or teenager, you will need two email addresses, one for your booking confirmation email and one for the student*Select the option to book for someone else*Add the bookers details under your detailsIf you need help with booking please use
5、our online chat or call 0207 514 7015. Please note that all courses are taught in UK time. Online courses are closed to all new bookings 48 hours prior to the course starting.1How will the students learn through the course?ABy doing practical exercises.BBy watching preloaded videos.CBy conducting on
6、line research.DBy receiving one-to-one instruction.2What can a student get after finishing the course?AA certificate.BA portfolio.CA job offer.DA tutors signature.3What calls for special attention when students book the course?ABooking in UK time.BCalling to confirm in advance.CBooking at least two
7、days before it starts.DAvoiding using more than one email address.One day, I asked some college students to tell me the first word that came to mind when thinking about mathematics. The top words were “calculation” and “equation(等式)”. Instead, the mathematicians offered phrases like “critical thinki
8、ng” and “problem-solving.” This is unfortunately common. What mathematicians think of is entirely different from what the general population thinks of. No wonder we hear “I hate math” so often.So I set about solving this problem unconventionally. I decided to offer a class called “The Mathematics of
9、 Knitting”. I removed pencil, paper, calculator and textbook from the classroom completely. Instead, we talked, used our hands, drew pictures and played with everything. And of course, we knit.One essential and difficult part of mathematical content is the equation, and crucial to this is the equal
10、sign, which is very strict. An equation like x = 5 tells us the number 5 and the value of x must be exactly the same. Any small deviation(偏离) from “exactly” means two things are not equal. However, two quantities are always not exactly the same in life. Imagine that you have two square pillows. The
11、first is red on top, yellow on the right, green on bottom and blue on the left. The second is yellow on the top, green on the right, blue on bottom, and red on the left. The pillows arent exactly the same but certainly similar. In fact, they would be exactly the same if you turned the pillow with th
12、e red top once counterclockwise.Another topic is referred to as “rubber sheet geometry”. The idea is to imagine the whole world is made of rubber, then reimagine the shapes. Lets try to understand it with knitting. For example, while being made, a hat is shaped by three needles, making it look trian
13、gular. Then, once it comes off the needles, it relaxes into a circle. In fact, all polygons(多边形) become circlesin this field of study.The subjects above are typically reserved for math majors in college. If more mathematicians were able to set aside classical techniques, more people out there could
14、embrace mathematical thought.4Why did the author start “The Mathematics of Knitting”?ATo promote traditional handicraft.BTo cultivate the students capacity to solve problems.CTo remove the common misunderstanding about math.DTo enhance the students skills in the application of math.5What is the rela
15、tionship between the equation in math and that in life?ASame and exact.BSame but different.CEqual and precise.DDifferent but inseparable.6How does the author present what mathematics really is?ABy clarifying reasons.BBy giving examples.CBy analyzing results.DBy describing procedures.7Which of the fo
16、llowing can be the best title for the text?AMath: a novel skill of knittingBKnitting: an unconventional courseCDifferent Flavors of Math Revealed by KnittingDThe Calculation and Equation in Mathematical ContentOver the past few years, as architects and city planners have confronted the tragedy of ou
17、r planet losing species at rates never seen in human history, many have started designing more greenery into urban areas, creating tidy plots of grass with non-native flowers. But European designers Hougaard and Qual find it problematic. These green spaces dont actually encourage wildlife to grow. T
18、o counter that, the designers created outdoor furniture that would be beautiful to look at, but also allow bugs, birds, and wildflowers to thrive, nurturing biodiversity in cities and rewilding urban spaces.The natural world tends to appear messy, chaotic, with plants and animals interacting with ea
19、ch other. Bacteria, plants, and insects thrive in rotting logs. Birds and bees create homes in dead, hollow tree trunks. Weeds and flowers grow in wild patches of grass. People perceive this as messy and dirty, trying to get rid of them in cities despite the fact that even though wildlife appears ch
20、aotic, there is often method in the madness.Qual had this in mind when creating a large, leaf-shaped insect hotel to be placed on a flower bed. The structure contains wooden blocks with different size of holes for different insect species. Hougaard created a metal log bench with an empty space in th
21、e middle to provide a habitat for creatures. He also created planting containers without a base, which are placed right on top of the soil and filled with different materials to provide a place for insects, reptiles, and small animals to hide and find food. They can also interact with earthworms and
22、 other creatures in the soil underneath, creating a thriving ecosystem.Will people actually want to be so close to bugs, snakes, and nesting birds? The designers acknowledge that modern humans have been trained to stay away from such creatures. But these structures keep animals contained, while allo
23、wing people to observe and appreciate them safely. And ultimately, humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife.8What do Hougaard and Haul notice about creating tidy grass plots in urban areas?AIt encourages the growth of wildlife.BIt keeps a more balanced ecosystem.CIt does
24、nt increase species diversity.DIt doesnt damage the habitat of species.9What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 2?ATo describe the peace of nature.BTo introduce the law of the jungle.CTo show the need for rewilding urban areas.DTo provide the basis for designing outdoor furniture.10What does
25、the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AThe tragedy of losing species.BThe goal to keep cities organized.CThe plan to design more greenery.DThe concept of order and messiness.11What can we infer about the author from the text?AHe is also a designer of insect hotels.BHe is against keeping
26、 animals caged.CHe is a strong advocate for a chaotic lifestyle.DHe is in support of Hougaard and Quals idea.A new type of weather condition has been observed, existing primarily in one particular part of the world: small, slow-moving, moisture-rich pools. Researchers are calling these atmospheric l
27、akes.This unique type of storm occurs over the western Indian Ocean and moves towards Africa. Unlike most storms created by a vortex(漩涡), the lakes are produced by water vapor concentrations that are dense enough to produce rain. These atmospheric lakes are similar to atmospheric rivers, narrow band
28、s of dense moisture(水分密集). However, the new type of meteorological phenomenon is smaller, slower moving, and separates itself from the atmospheric river that creates it. Existing as they do in an equatorial region where the wind speed is often very low, these atmospheric lakes are in no rush.Over th
29、e five years,17 atmospheric lakes lasting longer than six days were discovered, within 10 degrees of the equator. A team is now being put together to run a full study on the phenomenon. One of the questions the researchers will be looking at is why atmospheric lakes detach themselves from the river-
30、lake patterns they form from. The climate change angle is an important one, because if increasing temperatures in any way affect the formation and movement of atmospheric lakes, that could impact the rainfall that reaches the east coast of Africa.According to Brian Mapes, an atmospheric scientist fr
31、om the University of Miami, if all the water in a years worth of atmospheric lakes were to become liquid at once, it would create a puddle just a few centimeters deep but a kilometer (0.62 miles) wide. Thats a significant amount of precipitation(降水量). Professor Mapes believes this could be a solutio
32、n for the dry regions of East Africa, where millions of people live and need rainfall to survive.It remains to be seen whether the concept of “atmospheric lake” can be widely accepted or not. However, it is obviously an effective way to explore nature to analyze various phenomena in the atmosphere a
33、nd reveal their laws and possible impacts by using new sounding instruments and acquired data.12What mainly contributes to the formation of an atmospheric lake?AA gentle vortex.BLarge-scale moving winds.CA violent ocean storm.DHeavy water vapor concentrations.13What does the underlined word “detach”
34、 in Paragraph 3 mean?ASeparate.BDefend.CRecover.DProhibit.14What is probably the benefit of “atmospheric lakes”?AProviding a solution to air pollution.BEasing the drought in parts of Africa.CImproving the quality of peoples life.DBringing abundant rainfall to southern Africa.15Which word best descri
35、bes the authors attitude to the study of “atmospheric lakes”?ADisapproving.BFavorable.CAmbiguous.DSkeptical.二、七选五In the words of Tali Sharot, author of the book The Influential Mind:What the Brain Reveals About Our Power to Change Others, it is not difficult to influence others._16_?Research suggest
36、s that people dont always act to avoid negative consequences. In one study, participants viewed pictures and had to act (press a button) or not act (not press a button) when a certain one appeared. The correct response would earn them a reward or save them from a loss. Ultimately, participants perfo
37、rmed better when they had to act to earn a reward and not act to avoid a loss._17_? While negative emotions and images encourage inaction, research also suggests that positive ones tend to inspire people to act. So you might try talking about your fancy gym or a fun fitness activity to get your fami
38、ly members to exercise.When were communicating negative information, listeners will be particularly influenced when stressed._18_if youre a doctor trying to communicate disease risk to a stressed patient. People also have a tendency to ignore negative information, which can make them feel bad. _19_
39、In that case, it might be better to wait until people are more relaxed or to frame things in a positive way.Another effective way to influence people is to give them control. If youre a parent, you may have discovered that kids are much more receptive to your suggestions if you let them pick between
40、 healthy snacks or after-dinner chores. Theyre anticipating a good result that theyll get to select for themselves._20_So influencing others isnt that challenging.AThat might be of helpBWhat should you do insteadCIs this in line with common senseDSo communicating bad news may be trickyEHow does the
41、brain respond to attempts at influenceFThen would-be influencers have more and more access to usGGiving away control, even a little or just the perception of it helps三、完形填空“What do you want to be when you grow up?” When I was a kid, I_21_the question. Adults always seemed terribly disappointed that
42、I wasnt_22_becoming something grand or _23_,like an astronaut.Now, as an organizational psychologist, my job is to fix other peoples jobs, and Ive come to_24_that asking youngsters that question does them_25_My first complaint about the question is that it_26_kids to define themselves in terms of wo
43、rk. If we define ourselves by our jobs, our_27_depends on what we achieve. So when you are_28_what you want to be, its not socially _29_to say, “A father”, or, “A mother”, let alone, “A person of integrity”.The second_30_is the implication that there is one calling（使命）out there for everyone. Researc
44、h shows that_31_one leaves students feeling lost and_32_.After all, not everyone has that talent for grand jobs.If you manage to_33_the above barriers， there is a third hurdle（难关）：Careers rarely live up to your childhood_34_. In one study, looking for a(n)_35_job left college seniors feeling more an
45、xious and less satisfied with the_36_.As Tim Urban writes, happiness is reality minus expectations. Its clear how expectations_37_our perceived happiness. If you are looking for extreme happiness, youre bound to be_38_Asking kids what they want to be leads them to _39_a career identity they might ne
46、ver want to earn._40_ ,invite them to think about the different things they might want to do.21AconsideredBfearedCexplainedDrecalled22Adreaming ofBobjecting toCfocusing onDsticking to23AaverageBhumbleCheroicDromantic24ApreferBrememberCbelieveDanticipate25AharmBgoodCwrongDhonor26AforcesBtroublesCcomm
47、andsDforbids27AstatusBexperienceCworthDfame28AtaughtBaskedCguidedDconsulted29ArejectedBaccurateCconfirmedDacceptable30AthoughtBdivisionCassumptionDproblem31Apicking upBsearchingforCpraying forDtaking over32AboredBimpatientCintolerantDconfused33AstrengthenBcontrolCbuildDovercome34AeffortsBstrugglesCambitionsDgains35AidealBpermanentCordinaryDspecific36AbenefitBoutcomeCsolutionDtruth37AboostBcontainCguaranteeDaffect38AdisappointedBaddictedCdelightedD
