1、2021小升初衔接语法专题四：动词&时态01动词的分类&基本形式一、考点解读：1.动词的分类2.动词的基本形式二、知识梳理考点1 动词的分类1.实义动词实义动词也叫行为动词，表示动作或状态，有完整的词义。它一般在句子中作谓语，有人称和时态的变化。实义动词又分及物动词和不及物动词。英语中的动词绝大多数属于实义动词。 如：I study English.我学习英语。 Ann listened carefully but heard nothing.安很认真地听了，但什么都没听到。2.助动词助动词不能单作谓语，只能与实义动词一起作谓语、可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。助动词有do、have
2、、shall、will、would等。 如：I have been a student for6 years.我已经上学六年了。 I will buy some books tomorrow.我明天将去买些书。3.系动词系动词本身有词义，但不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语。系动词有（1）感官系动词look、smell、sound、taste、feel（2）状态系动词be（3）表象系动词appear、seem、（4）变化系动词 become、get、grow、turn、come（5）保持系动词keep、remain，stay等。The flower smells very sweet.这朵
3、花间起米来很He seems very sad.他看起来很伤心4.情态动词情态动词本身有词义但不完整，不能独立作谓语，一般与实义动词一起构成谓语，表示说话人的态度。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。常用的情态动词有can、may、must、will、 shall、could、would、 should、 might、need等。You should study hard.你应该努力学习。May I come in?我能进来吗?【毕业真题训练1】( )1.Jim wants to_stronger but does not know how to_it. A.get;do B. gets;does C
4、. getting;doing D. got;did( )2.Would you_the new words, please? A. read B.reading C.to read D. reads( )3. What does it_like? A. look B. look C. looked D. looking( )4._ the computer,please.Ill type(打印)a paper. A. Open B. Turn C. Turn on D. Close( )5.-Will you lend me your book?- Yes. I_.A. Will B. ne
5、ed C. can D. must( )6._Lucys grandpa_a newspaper yesterday? A. Does;read B. Did;readed C. Did;read D. Do;read( )7.- Who_Ben and Tim?- They_my classmates.A.is;is B.is; are C.are;are D.are;is( )8. Mr Liu doesnt_playing football. A. liking B. likes C. like D. liked( )9.-Can you_the number of the bus?-Y
6、es,I can. A. listen B. look C. see D.meet( )10.My clock doesnt_.Can you mend it for me?A.use B. move C .work D. walk【名校真题训练1】( )1.Oh,the door is not open. I forget_it. A. to close B .closing C. close D. closed( )2.We_make the water dirty,because it is very important to us. A. shouldnt B. dont C.need
7、nt D. cant( )3.I want to go to the chemists,but you_go with me.A. Cannot B. need not C. must not D. should not( )4.Everyone is here._we start the meeting?A. Could B. Should C. Shall D. Must( )5._you help me with it? I_finish it in time.A. May; may not B. Can ;cant C. Should;shouldnt D. Will;mustnt(
8、)6. What sports_ British people like? A. do B. does C. are D. is( )7.Where_ you come from?A. are B .do C. does D. is( )8.-Did you make it? -Yes, I_it.A.make B.making C .made D. maked( )9.Tony doesnt like doing sports. He only_them on TV.A.sees B .watches C. looks at D. finds( )10.-What do you think
9、of her voice?-It_ very sweet, I should say.A. Hears B. sounds C.listens D. sings考点2 动词的基本形式1.动词原形动词原形即动词未进行变化的形式，是词典词目中所使用的动词形式。2.第三人称单数动词原形变第三人称单数有以下几种情况:(1)一般在动词词尾加s。如: workworks、readreads、looklooks、dive dives。(2)以-ch、-sh、-s、-x及辅音字母加o结尾的动词，在词尾加es。如: catch catches、 finish finishes、dodoes。(3) 以辅音字母加
10、y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加es。如:flyflies、studystudies、 carrycarries。 (4)不规则变化。如:have-has。3.现在分词动词原形变现在分词的规则如下：(1)一般在动词后加ing。如:work working、read reading、looklooking、 wait - waiting。(2)以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，再加ing。如:smilesmiling、movemoving、take taking、 writewriting。(3)以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing。如:sit sitting、c
11、ut cutting、runrunning、swim swimming(4)少数几个以-ie结尾的动词，将ie改为y再加ing。如:diedying、lielying、tietying。4.过去式动词原形变过去式有以下几种情况:(1)一般在动词后加ed。如: work -worked、look looked、wait waited jump jumped。(2)以e结尾的动词直接加d。如: smilesmiled、 movemoved、closeclosed、agreeagreed 。(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加ed。如: studystudied、 carry-carri
12、ed。(4)以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ed。如stop stopped、 drop dropped、 preferpreferred。(5)一部分动词的过去式是不规则变化。如:gowent、seesaw、singsang、 sleepslept【毕业真题训练2】一、 按要求写单词。51. pass(第三人称单数）_2. drop(过去时）_3. write(现在分词)_4. get(过去时）_5. have(过去时）_6. push(第三人称单数）_7. study(过去时）_8. stay(现在分词)_9. win(过去时）_10. shave(过去时
13、）_11. cut(现在分词)_12. go(过去时）_13. do(过去时）_14. stop(过去时）_15. begin(现在分词)_16. touch(第三人称单数）_17. run过去时）_18. come(现在分词)_19. hurry(第三人称单数）_20. do(第三人称单数）_21. buy过去时）_22. play(现在分词)_23. mix(第三人称单数）_24. catch(第三人称单数）_25. Try(过去时）_26. swim(现在分词)_【名校真题训练2】根据首字母提示补全单词。1. Can you s_the number of the room?2. Ple
14、ase come close and h_ a look.3. John usually b_ his teeth before he goes to bed.4. They w_ to bed at ten last night.5. Do you often r_ your bike to school?6. P_on your clothes. Its cold outside.7. H_yourselves to some bread, boys.8. Tim j_ father than Tony.9. Mike d_well in English.10. My father m_m
15、e a kite last spring.参考答案：【毕业真题训练1】1-5AAACA 6-10CCCCC【名校真题训练1】1-5BABCB 6-10ABCBB【毕业真题训练2】1. passes 2.dropped 3.writing 4.got 5.had 6.pushes 7.studied 8.staying9.won 10.shaved 11.cutting 12.went 13.did 14.stopped 15.beginning 16.touches 17.ran ing 19.hurries 20.does 21.bought 22.playing 23.mixes 24.catches 25.tried 26.swimming【名校真题训练2】1.see 2.have 3.brushes 4.went 5.ride 6.Put 7.Help 8.jumps 9.does 10.made
