1、Lead inObserve the following sentences,and mark the relative pronouns and the adverbs.1.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problems,and citizens who lived near the dam,the government turned to the United Nations for help.2.Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by
2、piece,and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.1.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。2.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。3.关系词通常有下列三个作用:(1)引导定语从句;(2)代替先行词;(3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。4.关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语或表语;关系副词在从句中作状语。先行词先行词关系词关系词在句子中作在句子中作定语定语，修饰，修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句。这种从句由的从句。这种从句由关系关系代词代词或或关关系副词系副词引导
3、，并作句子成分。引导，并作句子成分。定语定语从句还叫做从句还叫做嵌入句嵌入句，因，因形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词定语，所以又称之为形容词性从句形容词性从句。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的引导词关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词指人指人指物指物who(主语、宾语主语、宾语)，whom(宾语宾语)，that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),whose(定语定语)that(主语、宾语主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语主语、宾语)whose(定语定语)where(地点状语地点状语)when(时间状语时间状语)why(原因状语原因状语)Fun
4、ctions of head nounFunctions of relative pronoun关系关系_O-S先行词在主句中作_关系代词在从句中作_I like a teacher who inspires his/her students.O-O先行词在主句中作_关系代词在从句中作_I like the book(that)you mentioned.S-S先行词在主句中作_关系代词在从句中作_He who makes no mistakes nothing.S-O先行词在主句中作_关系代词在从句中作_The man(who)you met is my cousin.宾语宾语宾语宾语主语主
5、语主语主语代词关系关系代词和关系副词的区别代词和关系副词的区别定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的判断方法:用法用法依据依据根据从句的谓语根据从句的谓语动词动词根据关系词在从根据关系词在从句中作的成分句中作的成分若是及物动词若是及物动词,后面若无宾语后面若无宾语,用关系代用关系代词词;若是不及物动词若是不及物动词,则用关系副词则用关系副词把关系词放进定语从句中把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾若作主语或宾语用关系代词语用关系代词;若作状语用关系副词若作状语用关系副词当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,我们通常用我们通常用“
6、介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引导定语从句引导定语从句。关系关系代词只能代词只能用用先行先行词指物时词指物时,用用先行先行词指人时词指人时,用用在在这个结构中这个结构中,介词的确定的原则是介词的确定的原则是:which which或或whomwhom(1)依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。依据定语从句中动词或形容词等所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。He is the man on whom you can rely.他是你可以信赖的人。他是你可以信赖的人。Jack introduced to me his friend with whom I was not very fami
7、liar.杰克向我介绍了我不很熟悉的那个朋友。杰克向我介绍了我不很熟悉的那个朋友。(2)依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。依据与先行词搭配的具体意义而定。Ill never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。我不会忘记我们一起在乡下工作的日子。(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。根据所表达的意思来确定。The clever boy made a hole in the wall,through which we could see what was happening insi
8、de the house.这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞这个聪明的孩子在墙上挖了一个洞,透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。透过它我们可以看到屋里发生的事情。(4)表示表示“所有所有”关系或关系或“整体中的一部分整体中的一部分”时时,通常用介词通常用介词of。Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of which she spoke fluently.茱莉亚擅长德语、法语和俄语茱莉亚擅长德语、法语和俄语,这三样她都说得流利。这三样她都说得流利。【温馨提示】在定语从句中在定语从句中,有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开
9、使用开使用,如如look after,look for等。等。The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正确正确)The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(错误错误)(1)“代词+of+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句这个结构中,代词常常为all,each,one,many,much,most,some,none,both等,“代词+of+which/whom”通常在定语从句中_,说明整体中的一部分。有时候也可把“of
10、+which/whom”置于代词前。作主语It is reported that two schools,both of _are being built in my hometown,will open next year.据报道,在我的家乡两所学校都正在建设中,将于明年投入使用。which(2)“数词+of+which/whom”引导定语从句这种结构常用来引导非限制性定语从句,有时候也可以把“of+which/whom”置于数词前。数词包括百分数和基数词。(3)“the+名词+of which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句这个结构中,of which/whom充当定语,修饰前面的名词,整
11、个结构相当于“whose+名词”引导的定语从句。(4)“the+形容词比较级(最高级)+of+which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句There are two buildings,the larger of _stands nearly a hundred feet height.这儿有两座建筑物,较大的那座几乎有100英尺高。which关系词可以省略的几种情况(1)定语从句的先行词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系词通常省略。I have taken with me the two books(that/which)you asked me to return to the City Libra
12、ry.我把你要我送还给市图书馆的那两本书带走了。(2)先行词是way,reason,time,place等且它们在定语从句中分别作方式、原因、时间和地点状语时,其后定语从句的相应关系词that/in which,why/that,when,where等可以省略。The way(that/in which)you look at the problem is wrong.你看待问题的方式是错误的。(3)由and,but,or等并列连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰同一个先行词时,第一个关系词可以省略,但第二、三个一般不可以省略The reason(why/that)he wanted to s
13、ell his house was that he needed a lot of money for his operation.他想卖掉房子的原因是他的手术需要很多钱。(3)The students benefitting most from college are those _ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.(4)Kate,_ sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia.who/thatwhose(1)Were wel
14、l trained by their masters _ had great experience with caring for these animals?(2)On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth _ gives off light in the dark.whothat/which(5)We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.(6)Their child is at the stage _ she can say i
15、ndividual words but not full sentences.(7).Do you know the man _ spoke at the meeting just now?(8).The train _ has just left is for Shenzhen.whenwherewhowhich/that(9).Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge _is the worlds longest cross-sea bridge opened to public traffic at 9 am Wednesday.(which引导的定语从句)世界上最长的
16、跨海大桥港珠澳大桥,在星期三的九点开始通车。(10).I grew up in a small village _everybody knew me.(where引导的定语从句)我在一个小镇上长大,那里的每一个人都认识我。whichwhere(11)I visited the village _many children couldnt go to school because of poverty.(作状语)我参观了因为贫困很多孩子不能上学的村庄。(12)I visited the village _is famous for its beautiful scenery.(作主语)我参观了因
17、美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。wherewhich/that(13).One afternoon _ I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.(14).The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(15).The reason _he resigned was that he didnt get on well with the boss.whenthat/whichwhy(16)
18、.Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris _ we will visit Disneyland Paris park.(17).Her children have come to a stage _ they can speak out single words instead of sentences.wherewhereSpecial casesA.关系词只能用关系词只能用that而不用而不用which的情况的情况 1当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,much等不定代词时。Have you t
19、aken down everything that Mr Li said?All that can be done has been done.2先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.Special cases3先行词被all,every,no,the only,the very,the last等修饰时。Ive read all the books that are no
20、t mine.The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.4当先行词既指人，又指物时。He made a speech on the men and things that he had seen abroad.Classical sentences1.Do not cut down the tree that gives you shake.(O-S)_2.You can do anything(that)yo
21、u set your mind to.(O-O)_3.All that glitters is not gold.(S-S)_4.Time(that)you enjoy wasting is not wasted time.(S-O)_5.Where there is a will,there is a way._不要忘恩负义。世上无难事 只怕有心人。发光的并不都是金子。享受的时光并非虚度。有志者，事竟成。PracticeRewrite the sentences using relative clauses.1.He showed me a photo in his room.It was
22、a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.The photo _.2.The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.It was formed by members from fifteen countries.The project team _(that/which)he showed me in his room was of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.which/that he
23、lped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania was formed by membersfrom fifteen countries.Practice3.This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.The time _.4.We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid.He explained to us the process of building
24、 such a difficult structure.The professional archaeologist _when this temple was first built was during Qin Dynasty.(who)we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.Practice5.The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are
25、under the desk.I found them yesterday.The place _6.Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.The reason _where I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is under the desk.why scientists worke
26、d together day and night to rescue the temple is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.一、完成下列句子。1.This is the most beautiful park _ 这是我参观过的最美的公园。2.She took photographs of the things and people_ _.她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。3.Chatting was _ interested her most.聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。Practice was intere
27、sted inthat she that I have visitedthe only thing that4.As far as I know,he is a man _.就我所知，他是个很难相处的人。5.This is the baby _Practicewhom/that my grandma takes care of who is hard to get along with二、用关系代词或介词填空。1.The lady to _ you talked just now is our English teacher.2.The woman _ whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.3.The death of his son was an experience_ which he never fully recovered.Practicefromwithwhom
