1、U4 Reading and Thinking课文知识点讲解 The United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,Englandmany people are confused by what these different names mean.So what is the difference between them,if any?Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.联合王国、大不列颠、不列颠、英格兰许多人对这些不同名字的含义感到
2、困惑。那么它们之间的区别是什么呢?了解一点英国历史会帮助你解开这个谜题。are confused by对.感到困惑 the difference between.之间的差异if any如果有的话 if so如果那样的话solve this puzzle解决这个难题In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.Later,in the 18th century,the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of
3、Great Britain.In the 19th century,the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally,in the 20th century,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we have today:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
4、Ireland.Most people just use the shortened name:“the United Kingdom”or“the UK”.People from the UK are called“British”,which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.在16世纪，附近的威尔士加入了英格兰王国。后来，在18世纪，苏格兰加入建立了大不列颠王国。在19世纪，爱尔兰王国被加入，建立了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。最后，在20世纪，爱尔兰南部脱离了英国，形成了我们今天的全称:大不
5、列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。大多数人只使用缩写的名字:“联合王国”或“英国”。来自英国的人被称为“英国人”，这意味着英国也经常被称为不列颠或大不列颠。Read Para.2 and sort out the information according to the timeline.16th centuryEngland18th century19th century20th centuryWalesEnglandScotlandBritainGreat BritainGreat BritainIrelandThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irela
6、ndRepublic of IrelandThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelandbe joined to加入be added to加入break away from 脱离;背叛；逃脱 result in 导致result from由于shorten v.缩短the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted in the full name we
7、have today which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代整个句子内容，其中we have today是省略了关系代词that/which的定语从句，修饰the full name,which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain.是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子 The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag,kn
8、own as the Union Jack,as well as share the same currency and military defence.However,they also have some differences.For example,England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems.They also have their own traditions,like their own national days and na
9、tional dishes.And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup!这四个属于联合王国的国家在某些领域合作。他们使用同样的国旗，被称为米字旗，以及共享相同的货币和军事防御。然而，它们也有一些不同之处。例如，英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰都有不同的教育体系和法律体系。他们也有自己的传统，比如他们自己的国庆节和国菜。他们甚至有自己的足球队参加世界杯这样的比赛!belong to属于work together团结 as well as 也，和（用于连接两个并列成分），连接两个并列
10、主语时，谓语动词的数和第一个主语一致currency n.通货,货币military defence军事防御 legal system法律体系 illegal adj.不合法的 illegally adv.不合法地that belong to.是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰The four countries，that在从句中作主语,known as the Union Jack,过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰the same flagThe United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore,which can he
11、lp you understand much more about the country and its traditions.Almost everywhere you go in the UK,you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history.The first group,the Romans,came in the first century.Some of their great achie
12、vements included building towns and roads.Next,the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century.They introduced the beginnings of the English language,and changed the way people built houses.The Vikings came in the eighth century,left behind lots of new vocabulary,and also the names of many locations a
13、cross the UK.The last group were the Normans.They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century.They had castles built all around England,and made changes to the legal system.The Normans were French,so many French words slowly entered into the English language.英国有一段漫长
14、而有趣的历史可以探索，这可以帮助你更多地了解这个国家和它的传统。在英国，几乎无论你走到哪里，你都会被历史上四个不同时期的人掌权的证据所包围。第一个群体，罗马人，在公元一世纪到来。他们的一些伟大成就包括建造城镇和道路。接着，盎格鲁-撒克逊人在五世纪来到这里。他们带来了英语的起源，并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。维京人在八世纪来到英国，留下了许多新词汇，也留下了英国许多地方的名字。最后一个群体是诺曼人。他们在11世纪著名的黑斯廷斯战役后征服了英格兰。他们在英格兰各地建造城堡，并改变了法律体系。诺曼人是法国人，所以许多法语单词慢慢地进入了英语。1.动词不定式 to explore 作定语修饰 histo
15、ry。2.which can help you.是which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰 history,which在从句中作主语。3.Almost everywhere you go in the UK是状语从句,everywhere意为“处处；到处；无论哪里”，引导状语从句。4.who took over.是 who引导的定语从句，修饰 fourdifferent groups of people,who 在从句中作主语。the Romans 作 The first group 的同位语。5.people built houses 是省略了关系代词 that 或 in which的定语从句
16、,修饰the way,that 或 in which在从句中作方式状语。6.had castles built all around England 是 have sth.done 的结构，表示“让某事被做”。There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom.Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.The capital city London
17、 is a great place to start,as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.There are countless historic sites to explore,and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture,with both new and ol
18、d traditions.If you keep your eyes open,you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.关于英国有趣的历史和文化，还有很多东西要学习。学习这个国家的历史会使你的访问更加愉快。首都伦敦是一个很好的开始，因为它是一个古老的港口城市，其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。这里有无数的历史遗迹可供探索，还有许多博物馆，里面有来自英国各地的古代文物。英国是历史和现代文化的迷人结合体，既有新的传统，也有古老的传统。如果你睁大眼睛，你会惊奇地发现你既能看到它的过去，也能看到它
19、的现在。1.port/po:t/n.港口（城市）2.all the way 一直3.date back to 上溯至(=date from)4.all over the UK 全英国 all over China 全中国5.fascinating/fsineitin/adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的6.be surprised to do sth.惊奇地做某事7.keep your eyes open(for)留心；留意8.There is so much more to learn 是There be+主语+todo”结构,动词不定式表示动作尚未发生。9.Studying the history
20、 of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable.动名词短语作主语make+宾语+宾语补足语（形容词）10.as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times.现在分词短语作后置定语修饰 a history that引导定语从句修饰 an ancient port cityas引导原因状语从句6.根据课文内容填空。The United Kingdom,Great Britain,Britain,England
21、many people are confused by(1)_these different names mean.Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you(2)_(solution)this puzzle.In the 16th century,the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England.Later,Scotland and the Kingdom of Ireland(3)_(add)to createthe Unit
22、ed Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.Finally,the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK,which resulted(4)_the full name we have today.As a matter of fact,the four countries(5)_belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.They use the same flag,(6)_(know)as the Union Jack.(7)_
23、,they also have some differences.The UK is a(8)_(fascinate)mix of history and modern culture,with both new(9)_old traditions.If you keep your eyes open,you will besurprised(10)_(find)that you can see both its past and its present.6.(1)what(2)solve(3)were added(4)in(5)that(6)known(7)However(8)fascina
24、ting(9)and(10)to findA:I can never remember what the UK means!Theres England,Britain,_ Great Britain!B:Well,it helps if you remember that there are four countries that _ the UK.Thats why its called the United Kingdom.Complete the conversation about the UK using the phrases in their correct forms.as
25、well as belong to add to join to break away keep your eyes openas well asbelong toA:Four countries?I must have been asleep in that part of our history class!So the first country was England,and the others were _ that?B:Yes,right.First England,then Wales,then Scotland.The last country was Ireland,but
26、 later the southern half didnt want to be _the United Kingdom.A:Oh,I remember now!The southern part _ from Northern Ireland,right?B:Yes,you got it well remembered!But _ in history class next time!joined toadded toas well as belong to add to join to break away keep your eyes openbroke awaykeep your eyes open
