1、The Attributive Clause定语从句定语从句Learning aimsLearning aims 学习目标学习目标 掌握定语从句 学习重点学习重点 正确运用关系词 学习难点学习难点 对关系词的选择Leading inLeading inI like music.Most people like the music.I like musicthat most people like.that 修饰先行词 musicthat 在从句中做宾语.(可以省略)定语从句RevisionRevision概念概念定语从句 在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词（通常是修饰宾语），被修饰的名词代词即先
2、行词。由关系词引出。New lessonNew lesson定语从句的关键定语从句的关键主语 宾语 定语 状语主语主语行为的行为的主导者主导者，动作的，动作的执行者执行者。常放于句首。常放于句首。宾语宾语定语定语 状语状语动作的动作的承受者承受者，常由名词或者代词担任。，常由名词或者代词担任。用来用来说明或者限制名词说明或者限制名词的，常用的，常用形容词形容词或者相或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。当于形容词的短语或从句担任。这里指该句话中，动作所发生的这里指该句话中，动作所发生的时间或地点时间或地点等。等。The teacher with glasses taught English in
3、that school last term.主语定语宾语地点状语时间状语先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句eg:Tom is a boy who has long hair.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词that,who,whom,whose,which where,when,why关系词的作用关系词的作用：指代先行词，又在从句中充当相应的句子成分。定语从句的结构关系词关系词 关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词that who whom whose 指人指物that which as whosewhen where why（时间状语）（时间状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）（地点状语）（地点
4、状语）关系代词关系代词thatthat和和whichwhich的用法的用法 P229P229（1）that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时that不可以省略，作宾语时可省略。eg1:Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.(that在从句中作主语）eg2:The coat(that）I put on the desk is blue.(that在从句中作宾语）（2）which 用于指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语时不可以省略，作宾语时可省略。eg1:The building which is made of glas
5、s is a supermarket.(which在从句中作主语）eg2:The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.(which在从句中作宾语）关系代词关系代词thatthat和和whichwhich的用法的用法 两者在定语从句中都用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。eg1:The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.(who在从句中作主语）eg2:The woman(whom/who)you are talki
6、ng to is Miss Xu.(whom在从句中作宾语)关系代词who和whom的用法 whose 作定语从句作定语从句主语主语的的定语定语.即：先行词与定语从句的主语存在即：先行词与定语从句的主语存在从属关系从属关系修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物修饰的先行词既可是人也可是物Do you know the girl whose mother is a teacher?关系代词关系代词whosewhose的用法的用法即学即练即学即练()The book is on the table is mine.A.that B.who C.whomD.as【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：
7、桌上的书是我的。定语从句修饰先行词the book，先行词是事物，且定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词which或that。故选A项。即学即练即学即练()Lets look through some inventions influence us in daily life.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.what【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：让我们看一下影响我们日常生活的一些发明。定语从句修饰先行词inventions，先行词是事物，且定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词which或that。故选B项。即学即练即学即练()The house windows face south
8、 is comfortable to live in.A.that B.whoseC.whichD.whom【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：窗户朝南的屋子适宜居住。先行词the house与从句的主语windows构成所属关系，所以关系代词用whose。故选B项。即学即练即学即练()Most of the students are afraid of the teachers are strict with them.A.who B.whichC.whereD.what【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：大多数学生都害怕对他们严格要求的老师。定语从句修饰先行词the
9、 teachers，先行词是人，且定语从句缺少主语，用关系代词who或that。故选A项。介词关系代词介词关系代词 一、介词一、介词whom/which,whom/which,不能省略不能省略,也不能用也不能用who/thatwho/that；eg.This is the professor from whom I borrowed the book yesterday.这位教授就是昨天借我书的人。这位教授就是昨天借我书的人。把介词放在关系代词which或whom的前面,构成“介词which”(指物)或“介词whom”(指人)的介词短语介词关系代词介词关系代词 1.根据从句中谓语动词和介词的搭
10、配关系选择。根据从句中谓语动词和介词的搭配关系选择。eg：be proud of是固定搭配是固定搭配2.根据与先行词的搭配关系选择。根据与先行词的搭配关系选择。I still remember the day on which I first met her.(I first met her on the day.)3.有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。词的搭配关系。Theyll go to the library from which we often borrow a lot of books.(borrow sth.fr
11、om)二、介词和关系代词的选择原则：即学即练即学即练()Jane had many friends she shared her feelings.A.with whomB.with whichC.to whomD.for which【解析】本题考查定语从句中介词关系代词。句意：Jane有许多可以分享自己感受的朋友。定语从句先行词是friends，指人；固定短语share sth.with sb.意为“与某人分享某事”，这里把介词with放在关系词之前，因此用with whom。故选A项。即学即练即学即练()The earth we live is a planet.A.on whomB.on
12、 which C.on thatD.on whose【解析】本题考查定语从句中介词关系代词。句意：我们居住的地球是一颗星球。定语从句先行词是the earth，指物；live是不及物动词，这里把介词放在关系代词之前，所以关系代词只能用which。故选B即学即练即学即练()Would you please give the book to the person it belongs?A.to whom B.to which C.into whichD.whom【解析】本题考查定语从句中介词关系代词。句意：请你把这本书给它所属的人好吗？先行词the person为人，关系代词应用whom，故排除B
13、、C两项；又因为短语belong to sb.意为“属于某人”，将介词to放在关系代词whom前面。故选A项。即学即练即学即练()The boy made a hole in the wall,he could see what was going on inside the house.A.from whichB.in whichC.through whichD.to which【解析】本题考查定语从句中介词关系代词。句意：男孩在墙上打了一个洞，透过这个洞他可以看到房子里发生了什么事。先行词hole为物，用关系代词which指代，through the hole意为“穿过洞”。故选C下列情况
14、只能用下列情况只能用that 1 1先行词既有人和物时先行词既有人和物时,用用that,that,既不用既不用which,which,也不用也不用whowho eg.He told us many interesting things and persons that we had never heard2.先行词是不定代词先行词是不定代词all、any、anything、everything、something、nothing、none、little、few much等。等。I know nothing that he did at home.我对他在家里做的事一无所知。我对他在家里做的事一
15、无所知。下列情况只能用下列情况只能用that3 3先行词被下列词修饰：先行词被下列词修饰：allall、any any、few few、little little、nono、the only the only、the very the very、the last the last等。等。I have read all the books I have read all the books thatthat you gave me.you gave me.我读过了你给我的所有书。我读过了你给我的所有书。4.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。The first l
16、esson that was taught by him will never be forgotten.他教的第一节课永远都不会被忘记。他教的第一节课永远都不会被忘记。下列情况只能用下列情况只能用that5 5.当句中已有当句中已有who/whichwho/which时时,为避免重复。为避免重复。Who Who is the man is the man thatthat is singing there is singing there？在那儿唱歌的那个人是谁？在那儿唱歌的那个人是谁？下列情况只能用下列情况只能用which1.1.介词前置时，不用介词前置时，不用thatthat。即介词提在
17、定语从句前。即介词提在定语从句前。eg.This is the room in which he lives.2 2.先行词为先行词为thatthat时时,避免重复，用避免重复，用which.which.eg.Whats that which is under the desk?3.3.在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中,只能用只能用which,which,不能用不能用thatthat。eg.The project,which lasted four years,cost one billion dollars.即学即练即学即练()You can take anything you li
18、ke.A.whichB.whoseC.whomD.that【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：你可以拿走一切你喜欢的东西。定语从句先行词anything是不定代词，所以关系代词只能用that。故选D项。即学即练即学即练()I will never forget the people and the places I have ever visited.A.whomB.that C.whichD.who【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：我将永远铭记我曾拜访过的人和参观过的地方。定语从句先行词是the people and the places，先行词里同时出现人和物，关
19、系代词只能用that。故选B项。即学即练即学即练()The first thing we should do is to make a plan.A.that B.whichC.whatD.who【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：我们应该做的第一件事是制定一个计划。从句子形式和语意可知，该句为限制性定语从句，先行词为the first thing。当先行词被序数词所修饰时，关系代词只能用that。故选A项。即学即练即学即练()He dropped out of high school,greatly hurts his parents.A.that B.who C.itD.whi
20、ch【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：他高中辍学，这给他的父母造成了极大的伤害。从前后句有逗号隔开及句意可知，前面句子具有独立的意义，后一句补充前一句，该句为非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句，who的先行词为人，故排除B项；that不能引导非限制性定语从句，排除A项；逗号前后构成一个完整的句子，如果选it，则一个句子有了两个主语，句子应改为“and it greatly.”，故排除C项；which引导非限制性定语从句，可代指前面整个句子。故选D项。关系副词关系副词when,wherewhen,where的用法的用法 wherewhere指指地点地点，先行词是地点名词，在定语从
21、句中作地点状语，先行词是地点名词，在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于：相当于：“介词介词+which+which”.”.whenwhen指指时间时间，先行词是时间名词，在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词是时间名词，在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于相当于“介词介词+which+which”.”.This is the school where I used to study.=This is the school in which I used to study.Can you tell me the time when the film will start?=Can you tell me the t
22、ime at which the film will start?关系副词关系副词whywhy的用法的用法why的先行词只有reason(原因)一词，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于“for+which”。Do you know the reason why he is not here now?=Do you know the reason for which he is not here now?11.This is the house I grew up.32where12.I will never forget the day I met you.when13.I dont know th
23、e reason he looks unhappy today.why关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法：即学即练即学即练()We are in a position we may lose everything.A.whereB.whichC.that D.when【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系副词。句意：我们处于一种可能会失去所有的境地。从句子的形式及句意可知，该句为不可分割的一个意义整体，为限制性定语从句，先行词为表示抽象地点的词a position，且从句中主谓宾完整，故应填入在从句中充当地点状语的关系副词。故选A项。即学即练即学即练()Oct.1st,1949 is the day
24、 our country was founded.A.whereB.that C.whichD.when【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系副词。句意：1949年10月1日是我国成立的日子。综观全句，从句中不缺主语，也不缺乏宾语。因此要用关系副词，且先行词是表示时间的名词，D项符合题意和结构。故选D项。即学即练即学即练()Do you know the reason they did it?A.whenB.whereC.why D.how【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系副词。句意：你知道他们做这事的原因吗？定语从句先行词是the reason，由句意可知，从句缺少表原因的关系副词，所以用w
25、hy连接。故选C项。即学即练即学即练()The old man wanted to move to a village the air is fresh and clean.A.that B.whichC.whoseD.where【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系副词。句意：这个老人想要搬到一个空气清新干净的村庄。定语从句the air is fresh and clean句子结构完整，不缺主语，也不缺宾语，因此要用关系副词。先行词village表示地点，故用where连接。故选D项。先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。引导定语从句（关系代词、关系副词）定语从句三要
26、素：定语从句三要素：先行词先行词-关系词关系词-从句从句Id really like to find a friend I can trust completely.定语从句三要素之间的关系（关系词的选择）：定语从句三要素之间的关系（关系词的选择）：关系词代替先行词在从句中作成分关系词代替先行词在从句中作成分1.Id really like to find a friend.2.I can trust him completely.whom/who/that解题技巧：解题技巧：1.通过位置来判断从句通过位置来判断从句2.判断从句缺什么成分判断从句缺什么成分3.看先行词看先行词缺主宾表，找关系代
27、词缺主宾表，找关系代词缺状语缺状语(时间、地点和原因时间、地点和原因)找关系副词找关系副词指人指人指物指物时间时间地点地点原因原因例题例题【例1】()This is the place I met her 10 years ago.A.whichB.who C.whereD.when【解析】C本题考查限制性定语从句的关系副词。句意：这是十年前我遇见她的地方。定语从句不缺少宾语，met和先行词place之间不构成动宾关系，故只能用关系副词，先行词表示地点，用关系副词where。which引导定语从句充当主语或宾语，从句不缺少宾语，故排除。故选C项。例题例题【例2】()This is the pl
28、ace Lu Xun has lived in.A.whichB.who C.whereD.when【解析】A本题考查限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：这是鲁迅生活过的地方。定语从句缺少live in的宾语，live in和先行词place之间构成动宾关系，即live in the place，故只能用关系代词，先行词指物，用关系代词which。从句缺少宾语，where不能充当宾语，故排除。故选A项。即学即练即学即练()I can never forget the day I spent with them.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系代
29、词。句意：我无法忘记和他们相处的那天。定语从句先行词the day，与谓语动词spent构成动宾关系，即spent the day，因此用关系代词that或which引导。故选C项。即学即练即学即练()I can never forget the day I encountered him for the first time.A.that B.who C.whereD.when【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系副词。句意：我无法忘记初遇他的那天。定语从句中主语和宾语都不缺，先行词the day为定语从句的时间状语，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选D项。即学即练即学即练()This
30、is the museum my mother worked 10 years ago.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系副词。句意：这是我母亲十年前工作过的博物馆。定语从句my mother worked 10 years ago句子结构完整，先行词the museum表示地点，因此用关系副词where引导。故选B项。即学即练即学即练()This is the museum was built in 1950.A.that B.who C.whereD.when【解析】本题考查限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：这是一座建于1950年的博物馆。
31、定语从句先行词为the museum，从句缺少主语，应为the museum was built in 1950，因此关系代词用that或which。故选A 项。而非限制性定语从句是用来补充说明先行词的，如果而非限制性定语从句是用来补充说明先行词的，如果去掉它去掉它，主句的意思仍然完整主句的意思仍然完整。非限制性定语从句有明显的标志，即非限制性定语从句有明显的标志，即通常用通常用逗号逗号将其与主句分开。将其与主句分开。关系代词关系代词that不不能用于非限制性定语从句能用于非限制性定语从句46限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句：即学即练即学即练()She has
32、to work on Sundays,she does not like.A.that B.whichC.whereD.when【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：她不得不在周日工作，她不喜欢这样。非限制性定语从句she does not like缺少宾语，所以只能用关系代词which。故选B项。即学即练即学即练()The brave man,the tiger was shot,is a good hunter.A.by which B.by whom C.by thatD.of whom【解析】本题考查定语从句中介词关系代词。句意：这个射中了老虎的勇士是个出色的猎人。非限制性
33、定语从句the tiger was shot与先行词the brave man构成被动关系，应为the tiger was shot by the brave man，所以用介词by关系代词whom。故选B项。即学即练即学即练()She heard a terrible noise,brought her heart into her mouth.A.itB.whichC.whatD.that【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。句意：她听到了一声可怕的噪音，使她的心跳到嗓子眼。非限制性定语从句与主句之间用逗号隔开，先行词noise指物，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，只能用which
34、。故选B项。即学即练即学即练()Terry received many gifts on his birthday,were from his classmates.A.most of them B.most of thatC.most of which D.most of whom【解析】本题考查定语从句中介词关系代词。句意：Terry在生日时收到了许多礼物，其中大多数礼物来自于他的同学。非限制性定语从句，先行词为gifts，指物，且介词of后面不能用that，只能用which。故选C项。2.as和和which的区别在于：的区别在于：可代替整个主句可代替整个主句,但不能位于但不能位于句首句首
35、；as也可以代替整个主句也可以代替整个主句,可以放在句首或句中可以放在句首或句中。511.as在定语从句中常用于固定结构在定语从句中常用于固定结构：such.as.像这样的；像这样的；那样的那样的the same.as.与与一样一样as is known to all众所周知众所周知 as we all know众所周知众所周知as is expected正如所期待的那样正如所期待的那样as everybody can see任何人都能看到任何人都能看到注意：注意：as还有还有“正如正如”“就像就像”之意。之意。as 的用法的用法：即学即练即学即练()is said above,these p
36、roblems have been solved.A.ThatB.AsC.WhichD.What【解析】本题考查as在定语从句中的运用。句意：正如之前所述，这些问题已被解决。非限制性定语从句中，只有关系代词as可放置句首，指代整个句子。as is said above为固定搭配，意为“正如上文所述”。故选B项。即学即练即学即练()I bought the same dictionary you bought.A.that B.whichC.asD.what【解析】本题考查as在定语从句中的运用。句意：我买了一本和你买的一样的字典。先行词有the same修饰，其后的定语从句应由as引导，the
37、 same.as.为固定搭配，意为“和一样”。故选C项。即学即练即学即练()is known to all,Lu Xun is a famous writer.A.WhatB.WhichC.AsD.That【解析】本题考查as在定语从句中的运用。句意：众所周知，鲁迅是一个著名的作家。非限制性定语从句中，只有关系代词as可放置句首，指代整个句子。as is known to all为固定搭配，意为“众所周知”。故选C项。即学即练即学即练()They had such a fierce dog I had never seen.A.that B.whichC.asD.what【解析】本题考查as在定语从句中的运用。句意：他们家有一只我从未见过的像这样凶的狗。先行词由such修饰，其后的定语从句应由as引导，such.as.“像这样的”为固定搭配。故选C项。Thank you!
