1、Welcome UnitDiscovering Useful Structures(1)S(subject)主语V(verb)动词O(object)宾语P(predicative)表语A(adverbial)状语DO(direct object)直接宾语IO(indirect object)间接宾语OC(object complement)宾语补足语Lets reviewWhat is Subject?1.S(subject)主语主语1.1 A tiger eats meat.S1.2 He is my father.S1.3.Ms.Rika is a teacher.S What can b
2、e“subject”in a sentence?nounpronounnoun主语：动作的发出者，常用名词或代词担任，一般放于。Lets reviewWhat is Verb?2.V(verb)动词动词2.1 A tiger eats meat.V2.2 A fish can swim.V2.3.He doesnt like fruit.V What can be“verb”in a sentence?实义动词有实在意义并能独立作谓语read eat look drink助动词本身没有意义，不单独作谓语，协助主要动词构成谓语be have do will 情态动词有一定词义，不能单独作谓语，后
3、加动词原形can must may need shall系动词有词义，但不能独立做谓语，必须和表语构成主系表结构am is are keep stay sound feel become动词的分类：主谓(宾)主系表 be动词类am,is,are,was,were 表示变化类become,get,turn,grow,go 感官动词类look,sound,smell,taste,feel 表示延续性的 动词remain,stay,keep 英文中常见的系动词英文中常见的系动词Lets reviewWhat is Object?3.O(object)宾宾语语3.1 A tiger eats meat
4、.O3.2 I like it.O3.3 He called Tom.O What can be“object”in a sentence?nounpronounname宾语（O）：动作的承受者，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物。Henry teaches us.双宾语（IO+DO）在动词后方所跟的双宾语中表示的叫做direct object（简称“直宾”）表示人的叫做间接宾语indirect object（简称“间宾”）SVDOIO常见接双宾语的动词：teach,buy,bring,take,give,send,sell,show,tell,write,lend,make常借助常借助介词介词t
5、o的常用动词的常用动词 teach/tell sb.sth=teach/tell sth.to sb.take/bring/give sb.sth=take/bring/give sth to sb.send/write sb.sth.=send/write sth.to sb.show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.常借助常借助介词介词for的常用动词的常用动词 buy sb.sth=buy sth.for sb.lend sb.sth.（借）=lend sth.for sb.make sb.sth=make sth.for sb.双宾语易位My mom made me a
6、cake.My mom made a cake for me.SVDOIOSVDOIOMy mom made me happy.SVOOC 宾补区分以下句子成分区分以下句子成分My mom made me a fool.SVOOC 宾补2.英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，必须英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。宾语补足语（Objective complement）1.宾语补足语主要是对宾语进行补充说明宾语补足语主要是对宾语进行补充说明,说明
7、宾语的身份、说明宾语的身份、特征或状态等。特征或状态等。4.C(complement)宾语补足语宾语补足语动词不定式不带to的动词不定式4.C(complement)宾语补足语宾语补足语4.1 The war made him a hero.OC 4.2 The fire left him homeless.OC4.3 When he woke up,he found himself lying in the street.4.4 When he came to himself,he found himself surrounded by his family and friends.4.5
8、We plan to play soccer in this afternoon.4.6 We saw him play soccer.名词形容词OCOC过去分词现在分词OC（省略to不定式）动词不定式短语OCWhat is Predicative?5.P(predicative)表表语语5.1 He fine.P 5.2 You happy.P5.3 He a teacher.P What can be“predicative”in a sentence?look,are,become=link verb adj./noun=P表语（P）：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或形容词担任。L
9、ets practiseExercise:Find the differences SP vs.SVA 1.The boy looks great.2.The boy looks at the window carefully.系动词 表语（形容词）谓语-实义动词状语（副词修饰动词）SSOWhat is Adverbial?6.A(adverbial)状状语语6.1 He lives in Longchuan.A 6.2 You go to school by bus.A6.3 He was born in 1918.A 状语（A）：是用来说明动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词，介词
10、+其他担任。时可以放在，也可以放在；或时放在它们之地点状语方式状语时间状语The students study hard.I often write to him.The bag is too heavy.副词Welcome UnitDiscovering Useful Structures(2)S V OP A DOIO CBasic knowledge（主语）（主语）（谓语）（谓语）（宾语）（宾语）（表语）（表语）（状语）（状语）（直接宾语）（直接宾语）（间接宾语）（间接宾语）（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）Basic Sentence Structures1.主+谓(不及物动词)SV2.主+
11、谓(及物动词)+宾语 SVO3.主+系动词+表语 SVP/SP4.主+谓(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语5.主+谓(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 SVOC6.主+谓(不及物动词)+状语 SVA7.主+谓(及物动词)+宾语+状语 SVOA SV IO DO8.There be There be 句型句型 1.SV 主语主语+谓语谓语(不及物动词不及物动词Vi.Vi.)此句型中“主语+不及物动词/词组”构成句子的主体部分，不及物动词后不能直接带宾语,需要加一个介词后才可以接宾语。例例1 Class begins.例例3 Time flies.例例2 The rain has stopped.2.S
12、VA 主语主语+谓语谓语(不及物动不及物动Vi.Vi.)+状语状语此句型中，副词或介词短语在句子作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。状语可以表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等。例例1 Her mother has gone abroad.例例2 The red sun rise in the east.状语修饰动词状语修饰动词例例3 He runs slowly in the park everyday.3.SVO 主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词Vt.)Vt.)+宾语宾语此句型中谓语是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整。注意：注意：一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，
13、一些不及物动词后面加介词相当于一个及物动词，之后可加宾语。之后可加宾语。Vi+prep.=Vt.例例3 You must listen to your teacher.例例1 I like English/running.例例4 I write about my feelings in my diary.例例2 Children love to play this game.4.SVOA 主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词Vt.)Vt.)+宾语宾语+状语状语副词或介词短语在句子作状语，修饰或说明谓语动词。状语可以表示发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、地点或时间等。例例1 The girl enj
14、oys reading in the morning.例例2 A boy met a girl during the break.5.SVP/SP 主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语此类型的句子，谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语性质或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。例例1 She became a singer.例例2 My brother is out now.例例3 Breakfast smells good.6.SV IO DO主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语例例2 I bought Tom a birthday gift.IO
15、DO例例1 I showed her my photos.IODO常见的可接双宾语的动词有：give,send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant（授予）（授予）等等。7.SVOC主语主语+谓语谓语(及物动词及物动词)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语在某些及物动词的后面，需要用一个宾语再加一个宾补才能表达完整的意思。常见的可做宾语补足语的有：名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式,不带to的动词不定式等例例1 I will make you captain.例例2
16、You should keep the room clean and tidy.例例3 They felt the car moving fast.在在there be句型句型中，中，S和和V是倒置的。是倒置的。谓语谓语V的的单复数单复数由由后面后面第一个名词决定。第一个名词决定。8.There be 句型句型 “某地存在某地存在某物某物/某人某人”例例1 There is an apple on the table.V S A例例2 There are seven days in a week.V S A其基本结构是“There is/are/was/were.地点状语”。谓语动词有时可用表
17、示存在的其他动词，如live、stand、lie、seem/appear to be（好像有）、happen to be（碰巧有）等。There (be)a book and two pens on the desk.There (be)two pens and a book on the desk.isareRead the sentences and analyse the structures.1 The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city.2 We must act.3 The maths homework looks
18、easy.4 The teacher found the classroom empty.SVASVSVPSVOC Read the sentences and analyse the structures.5 My mum bought me a new dictionary.6 Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.7 There is an English Corner at our school.8 We had chemistry in the newly built lab.SVIODOSVOThere
19、 be.SVOA1.That dream has come true!2.Tim and his classmates are living on a ship!3.They also learn about ships and the sea.SVSVSVAORead the passage and analyse the structures of the underlined sentences.4.Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.5.Theres always something exciting to do.6.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun.SVIODOVIOThere be.SVPDO并列句并列句AnswerThank You
