1、句子成分分析句子成分分析Sentence constituentsDo you know what is sentence constituent?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分又分主要成分和次要成分。What are the sentence constituents?主语主语 subject(S)是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,说明动是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,说明动作是作是“谁,什么谁,什么”发出的。一般由名词、代词、数发出的。一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。词、不定式或
2、动名词等充当。PracticeThe girl can sing many English songs.(名词)We are students./This is my pen./Yours is on the desk.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai./Two and three is five.(数词)The old need more help.(名词化的形容词)It is easy to learn English.(不定式)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)谓语谓语 verb(V)
3、说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。动词。1)由单一动词作谓语 2)情态动词加主要动词 3)助动词加主要动词构成谓语PracticeWe study English.He has an English-Chinese dictionary.We can play the piano.You must see the doctor.Sheis talkingwith her sister.Ihave seenthis man bef
4、ore.宾语宾语 object(O)是及物动词所涉及的对象,是动作的对象或承是及物动词所涉及的对象,是动作的对象或承受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。受者。一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。PracticeI like China.(名词)Everybody likes her.(代词)I want three.(数词)Please pass me the first.(数词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We like playing football.(动名词)宾语宾语 object(O)直接宾语与间接宾语。直接宾语与间接宾语。有些及物动词可带有两个
5、宾语,其中一个指物(直有些及物动词可带有两个宾语,其中一个指物(直接宾语),另一个指人(间接宾语)。我们称为双接宾语),另一个指人(间接宾语)。我们称为双宾语。宾语。Practice1)动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)Mr.Wang teaches us English.My mother gives me ten yuan.2)动词+直接宾语(物)+(to,for)+间接宾语(人)My mother gives me ten yuan.=My mother gives ten yuan to me.。表语表语 predicative(P)用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、用于说
6、明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来尝起来)等。等。PracticeThey are workers.(名词)Two and three is five.(数词)The story is very interesting.(形容词)My job is teaching English.(动名词)She is at home.(介词短语)He is here.(副词)定语定语attributi
7、ve(attrib)用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。不定式等充当。【注意注意】定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。PracticeShe is a beautiful girl.(形容词)She is an English teacher.(名词)There are two students in the classroom.(数词)This song is better than that one.(代词
8、)Do you know the young man over there?(副词)We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)状语状语adverbial用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。分为地点,时间,原因,目的,结果,让步,句末。分为地点,时间,原因,
9、目的,结果,让步,条件,程度,方式和伴随状语。条件,程度,方式和伴随状语。PracticeThank you very much.(副词表示程度)The old man is walking slowly.(副词表示方式)He usually gets up at six.(副词表示时间)We all work here.(副词表示地点)I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语表示时间)补足语补足语complement(C)用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语语与宾
10、语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。等。“宾补宾补”一般由不定式短一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。PracticeWe elected him monitor.(名词)I found it difficult to learn English well.(副词)We find the story very interesting.(形容词)I found her in the room.(介词)同位语同位语appositive对名词或代词进行补充说明或进一步的解释说明。对名词或代词进行补充说明或进一步的解释说明。PracticeWe young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He told me the news that our team won the game.Thank You