1、人教版八年级下册英语Unit 1- Unit 10期末复习语法知识点汇编Unit 1词法精选1I have a stomachache.我胃痛。(1)stomachache为可数名词，意为“胃痛；腹痛”。在英语中，一部分表示身体部位的名词加上名词ache(疼痛)，可以构成合成名词。如：headache头疼；toothache牙痛；backache背痛。(2)have a以上合成名词，意为“痛”。如：Mary didnt come to school yesterday because she had a stomachache.昨天玛丽因为胃痛没来上学。2drink some hot tea
2、with honey喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶(1)with作介词，意为“具有；带有”，表示某物带有或具有某种特征。如：She is a girl with big eyes.她是一个大眼睛女孩。(2)with的反义词为without，意为“没有”。如：I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我认为我保持同一个姿势一动不动地坐太久了。3see sb.do sth.和see sb.doing sth.的区别(1)see sb.do sth.意为“看见某人做某事”(看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生)。如：I often se
3、e him play basketball on the playground.我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。(2)see sb.doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”(强调动作正在发生)。如：I saw him playing basketball on the playground just now.刚才我看见他正在操场上打篮球。4in time和on time的区别in time表示“及时”，指在约定的时间之前发生。on time表示“准时；按时”，指正好在约定的时间发生。如：We hope you will arrive in time to attend the meeting
4、.我们希望你能及时赶来参加这个会议。Ill write to your father if you arent here on time tomorrow.倘若你明天不准时到的话，我就要写信告诉你父亲。5be used to taking risks习惯于冒险(1)在“be used to”这个结构中，to是介词，它后面接名词、代词或者动名词，不能跟动词原形。此外，“be used to”有各种时态的变化。如：She is used to that way of learning English.她习惯用那种方法学习英语。He has been used to playing basketba
5、ll after school.他已经习惯于放学后打篮球。(2)take riskstake a risk冒险，risk为名词。risk也可作及物动词，后面跟名词、代词或动名词。如：risk ones life冒着某人的生命危险，risk climbing mountains冒险爬山。句法精析1Whats the matter?怎么了？/出什么事情了？用于询问某人身体状况或遇到什么麻烦、问题等。其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。如：Whats the matter with you?你怎么了？该句的同义句为Whats the trouble with you？/ Whats your tr
6、ouble? / Whats wrong with you？/ Whats up?等。2She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enough water.昨天她说话太多，并且没有喝足够的水。(1)too much相当于一个副词，修饰动词talk，放在后面作状语，意为“太多”。如：She worried too much.她过于担心了。Eating too much is bad for your health.吃太多对你的健康有害。(2)too much还可以修饰不可数名词，too much中的中心词是“much”，意为“太多的”，too是用
7、来修饰much的。如：There is too much snow and ice.冰雪太多。而much too中的中心词是“too”，后面跟形容词或副词，意为“非常；太”。much是用来加强too的语气的。如：Its much too cold.天太冷。3His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.他是如此地热爱爬山以至于在经历这次事故之后，他仍然继续爬山。so. that意为“如此以至于”，so后面接形容词或副词，that后面
8、为结果状语从句。如：He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag easily.他如此强壮以至于很容易就提起那个重包。语法精讲情态动词should的用法should意为“应该”，后跟动词原形，表示责任和义务。其结构为：主语should/shouldnt(shouldntshould not不应该)动词原形。如：You should lie down and rest.你应该躺下休息。He shouldnt go to school when he has a cold.他感冒时不应该去上学。【课堂笔记】八年级下册 Unit 2词法精选1us
9、ed to do sth.过去常常做某事(1)used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，只用于过去时态。如：He used to get up at 6：00 when he was in the countryside.他在农村的时候总是六点钟起床。(2)否定句可以用didnt use to do，也可以用usednt to do或者used not to do。注意：usev使用；n.用途；usefuladj.有用的；uselessadj.无用的。区别：be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”；be used to后面跟名词或者动名词，意为“习惯于”。2care
10、 for喜欢；照顾；关心(1)表示“喜欢”，通常用于否定句或疑问句。如：I dont care for standing in line.我不喜欢排队。Does Ann care for scary movies?安喜欢看恐怖影片吗？有时还可接不定式的复合结构。如：I wouldnt care for that man to be my doctor.我不愿意让那个人当我的医生。(2)表示“照看；照顾”。如：He spent years caring for his sick mother.他照料他生病的母亲好多年。I am glad to see that you are being wel
11、l cared for.看到你得到很好的照料，我非常高兴。(3)表示“关心；爱护”，这是一种比较正式的用法。如：We must care for each other and help each other.我们要互相关心，互相帮助。3take after与相像take after意为“(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母)相像”。近义词：look like(看上去像)，be like(像一样)。如：She takesafter her mother almost in everything.她几乎与她母亲一模一样。Who does the boy look like?这个男孩看上去像谁？句法精析1
12、The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.这个女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子使他们高兴起来。could表示“可以(用于提出建议)”。如：We could put up signs around the school.我们可以在学校周围张贴告示。2Lucky makes a big difference to my life.“幸运儿”对我的生活产生了很大的影响。(1)make a difference to意为“对产生影响”。difference前面可以加修饰词big,great等；to是介词，其后可接
13、名词、代词或动名词。如：The accident made a great difference to his life.这次事故对他的人生产生了重大的影响。One false step will make a great difference.失之毫厘，谬以千里。(2)make no difference to意为“对没有影响”。如：Dollars make no difference to me.美元对我没什么影响。Whether he is here or not will makeno difference to our life.他在不在对我们的生活没有影响。3Then one da
14、y last year,a friend of mine helped me out.然后去年的一天，我的一个朋友帮助我摆脱了困境。help out意为“使某人脱离(困境)”，也可分开使用，即help. out。如：My classmates helped me out when I failed the exam.当我考试不及格的时候我的同学帮助了我。I could help out if the price was right.如果价格合适的话我可以帮一下忙。语法精讲短语动词。短语动词后面是副词的，宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前面，也可放在副词后面；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副
15、词前面。短语动词后面是介词的，宾语都放在介词后面。(1)动词介词。如：ask for(要求)，look for(寻找)，look after(照顾；照看)，look at(看；观看)，look like(看起来像)，take after(与相像)等。(2)动词副词。这类短语动词有些可带宾语，有些不能带宾语。1)不带宾语的短语动词。如：get up(起床)，grow up(成长),come in(进来)等。2)可带宾语的短语动词。如：find out(努力找出)，fix up(修理)，give up(放弃),give out(分发)，give away(捐赠)，hand out(分发)，put
16、on(上演；穿上)，put up(挂起；张贴)，put off(推迟)，turn on(打开)，turn off(关掉)，take off(脱掉衣服)等。(3)动词副词介词。如：come up with(找到；提出)，do well in(擅长)，look forward to(渴望)等。(4)动词名词介词。如：take care of(照料),play a role in(发挥作用)等。(5)系动词形容词介词。如：be angry with.(对生气)，be famous for.(以而闻名)，be good at.(擅长),be talented in.(在上有天赋)等。【课堂笔记】八年级
17、下册 Unit 3词法精选1borrow和lend(1)borrow表示“借；借用”，是从别人那里借来东西，即我们通常所说的“借过来”。如：We often borrow books from our school library.我们经常从学校图书馆借书。Iborrowedthis dictionaryfrommy teacher.我从老师那儿借来了这本词典。(2)lend表示“借给；借出”，是把自己的东西借给别人，即我们通常所说的“借出去”。如：Thank you for lending me your bike.谢谢你把自行车借给我。He oftenlendsmoneytohis bro
18、ther.他经常借钱给他弟弟。2provide提供；供给(1)provide意为“提供”常用结构：provide sb.with sth.，相当于provide sth.for sb.。如：He provides six poor children with food and clothes.He provides food and clothes for six poor children.他给六个穷孩子提供食物和衣服。(2)同义词offer侧重表示“主动提供”，常用于offer sb.sth./offer sth.to sb.主动提供某人某物。offer to do sth.主动提出做某事
19、，offer后不能接宾语从句。如：She offered me a cup of tea.她给我端了杯茶。3since自以来 （表示一段时间）(1)since作连词时，意为“自以来；从以后”，引导时间状语从句。如：It is two years since we visited your mother.自从我们看望你母亲以来有两年了。He has learnedsome Chinese songs since he came to China.自从他来到中国，他已经学了一些中文歌曲。(2)since作连词时，还意为“由于；因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句。如：Since we dont have
20、 money,we cant buy a house.由于我们没有钱，我们买不起一座房子。Since everyone is here, lets begin the meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。语气没有because强烈，提一下大家都知道的原因。4drop和fall(1)fall为不及物动词，意为“落下；跌落”。如：The leaves fall in autumn.树叶在秋天落下。The old manfell offthe bike and hurt himself.fall off= falldown fromjump off=jump down from老人从自行
21、车上掉下来，伤了他自己。(2)drop意为“落下；掉下”，既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。如：The bottledroppedandbroke intopieces.瓶子掉下了，摔成碎片。He always played computer games and his grades dropped.他老是玩电脑游戏，他的成绩下降了。He dropped his pen yesterday.昨天他掉了钢笔。句法精析1She didnt do any housework and neither did I.她没有做家务，我也没有做。(1)neither作代词时，常与of连用，意为“两者都不”，作主
22、语时，谓语动词单复数皆可，但在正式文体中，常用单数。如：Neither ofthe cars was/were broken.两部车都没有破。Neither of the answers is/are right.这两个答案都不对。(2)neither of的反义词组为both of,其后的谓语动词必须用复数。如：Both ofmy parents are teachers.我父母都是老师。2Anyway,I think doing chores is not so difficult.反正我觉得做家务也不太难。(1)anyway是一个副词，若位于句首，其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开
23、。anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论，意为“而且；加之；反正”。如：Anyway, Im free now. Let me go with you.我反正现在闲着没事，就陪你走一趟吧。(2)anyway还可意为“不管怎样；无论如何”。如：Anyway, the news seems to be good for you.无论如何，这个消息对你来说是好的。3The earlier kids learn to be independent,the better it is for their future.孩子越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。“the比较级，the比较级”表示“越越”。如：Th
24、e more we do for others, the happier well be.我们为别人做得越多，我们就越幸福。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes youll make.你越仔细，犯的错误就会越少。语法精讲1情态动词could表示请求和建议(1)could可以表示有礼貌地请求和请求允许，比can更委婉客气，而要用can。如：Could you(please) help me carry the bag?你能帮我提袋子吗？Sure, Id love to./Sorry, I cant.当然，我很乐意。/对不起，我不能。Could
25、I use your phone?我能用你的手机吗？Yes, you can./No, you cant.是的，可以。/不，不可以。请求别人不要做某事，可用Could you please not do sth.？请你不要(做)好吗？如：Could you please notsmoke here?请你不要在这里抽烟好吗？回答可说：Sorry,I wont.对不起，我不会了。(2)could可以表示建议。如：You could visit the sick kids in the hospital and cheer them up.你可以去医院看望那些生病的孩子并且使他们高兴起来。The g
26、irl could volunteer in an afterschool study program to teach kids.这个女孩可以自愿在课外学习班教孩子。2动词不定式(1)作宾语。如：I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.(第一个动词不定式作宾语)我想把去一家动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。We decided to put up signs around the school.我们决定在学校周边张贴标语。（后接不定式的动词举例：plan, need,hope,wish
27、,intend，try, like,remember,froget）(2)作目的状语。如：We are tryingto come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children.(第二个动词不定式作目的状语)(3)作原因状语Im very happy to be your new teacher.(4)作结果状语Youre too young to get married.我们正在努力想一些法子来使生病的孩子们高兴起来。(3)作宾语补足语。如：Lily asked me to go shopping yesterday.莉莉昨天邀请我去购物。（后接宾
28、补动词举例：wish ,want，need，encourage，tell, teach +sb. to do课堂笔记】八年级下册 Unit 4重点短语a big deal重要的事after-school classes课外活动课all the time一直allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事be angry with sb. 生某人的气be oneself做自己call sb. up打电话给某人compete with sb. 与某人竞争copy ones homework抄袭某人的作业cut out删除family membersfight a lot经常吵架/打架get
29、 better grades取得更好的成绩get enough sleep有足够的睡眠get into a fight with sb与某人吵架/打架give ones opinion提出某人的观点give sb. pressure给某人施压hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛hang over笼罩have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架have free time有空闲时间in future 今后in the future 在未来learn exam skills学习应试技巧look through翻看make sb. angry使某人生气mind sb. doing
30、 sth. 介意某人做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事so that以便so. that. 如此以至于spend time alone独自消磨时光study too much学得过多talk to sb. 与某人交谈too many rules 太多规则too much homework 太多作业work out成功地发展;解决worry about sth. 担心某事write to sb. =write sb. a letter 给某人写信词法精选1borrow my things without returning the
31、m借我的东西不归还without是with的反义词，意为“没有”，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：We got there without any trouble.我们到了那儿，一路上没遇到任何麻烦。He left without saying goodbye to us.他没跟我们道别就离开了。2instead代替；反而；却(1)instead作副词时，意为“代替；反而；却”，修饰整个句子作状语。如：Jack was ill, so I wentinstead.杰克病了，因此换了我去。He never works;instead,he plays all day and all night.他从
32、不工作，却整日整夜地玩。(2)instead of是一个双词介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：We drank some coffee instead of tea.我们喝了一些咖啡而不是茶。I will go there instead of him.我将代替他去那里。3offer主动提出；自愿给予(1)offer sth.提出；提供The teacher offered him some useful advice on how to make learning more interesting.老师向他提出了一些有关让学习更有趣的有益建议。(2)offer to do sth.主动提出做
33、某事The kids offered to do the dishes after supper.孩子们主动提出晚饭后洗盘子。(3)offer sth.to sb.offer sb.sth.向某人提供某物They decided to offer the job to Mike.They decided to offer Mike the job.他们决定把这份工作给迈克。句法精析1Why dont you.?你为什么不？Why dont you.？表提建议的句型，可以与Why not.？进行句型转换。如：Why dont you go out to play basketball with
34、us？Why not go out to play basketball with us?你为什么不出去和我们一起打篮球呢？2Although shes wrong,its not a big deal.虽然她错了，但没什么大不了。not a big deal意为“没什么大不了”。我们还可以说make a big deal，意为“做一笔大买卖”。3My parents dont allow me to hang out with my friends.我的父母亲不允许我和朋友们出去闲逛。allow是动词，意为“允许；准许”，常用结构如下：(1)allow sb.to do sth.意为“允许某
35、人做某事”。如：My parents dont allow me to stay up late.我父母不允许我熬夜。(2)allow doing sth.意为“允许做某事”。如：We dont allow talking loudly in public places.我们不允许在公共场所大声喧哗。语法精讲连词until,so that, although等引导的状语从句(1)until意为“直到”，引导时间状语从句，动词是短暂性动词时，常用not. until句式。注意：时间状语从句表示将来的意思时，从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时，只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如：I
36、wont leave until you come.直到你来我才会离开。(2)so that意为“以便；为了”，引导目的状语从句，从句中通常带有may,can, could, will, would等情态动词，主从句间连接紧凑，没有逗号相隔。如：I spend much time learning English so that I can get good grades.我花很多时间学英语是为了能取得好成绩。You should call him so that you can say youre sorry.你应该打电话给他以便你能道歉。You should eat more now so
37、 that you wont be hungry later.你现在应该多吃点，这样你待会就不会饿了。(3)although/though意为“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。在让步状语从句中，连词although或though不可与but同时使用。though引导的从句既可放在主句前，又可放在主句后；而although引导的从句大多数放在句首。如：Although shes wrong, its not a big deal.尽管她错了，但没什么大不了的。I dont know him well though we are in the same class.虽然我们在同一班，但我不太了解他
38、。 Unit 5重点短语at the time of 当.时候be killed 被杀害beat against.拍打break.apart使分离bring. together使靠拢by the side of the road在路边die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失fall asleep进人梦乡；睡着for example例如go off (闹钟)发出响声have meaning to对有意义hear the news听到这个消息important events in history历史重大事件in a mess一团糟in silence沉默;无声in the area在这个地区in tim
39、es of difficulty 在困难的时候make ones way to. 在某人去的路上make sure 确信;确认miss the bus 错过公交车miss the event 错过这个事件more recently 最近地;新近on the radio 通过广播on TV 在电视上more than50/over 5050多(岁）pick up接电话remember doing sth.记得做过某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事take a hot shower洗热水澡take down拆除;摧毁the Animal Helpline动物保护热线the Wo
40、rld Trade Center世贸中心try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth. 努力做某事wake up醒来；叫醒walk by走路经过词法精选1when和while的区别(1)表示“当的时候”，如后面连接的动词为进行时态，则用while多于用when。而when通常与瞬间性动词或延续性不强的动词连用。如：I waswaiting for the bus when it began to rain heavily.当天开始下大雨时，我正在等公交车。While you were cooking, I went out to buy a cake.当你正在烧饭时，我出去
41、买了一个蛋糕。(2)如果while前后的动词都是进行时态，while可意为“与此同时”。如：I was doing my homework while my father was reading a newspaper.当我爸爸在看报时，我在做作业。(3)当while前后的句子描述的情况相对或相反，while可意为“而”，while更强调并列的对比而非转折。如：I like sports while my sister likes reading.我喜欢运动而我妹妹喜欢阅读。2remember to do sth.和remember doing sth.的区别(1)remember to do
42、 sth.表示“记得去做某事(还没做)”；remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事(已做过)”。如：I will remember to tell her about it.我会记得告诉她这件事。Dont you remember telling me about it yesterday?你不记得昨天已经告诉过我这件事了吗？(2)有类似用法的短语还有：forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)/forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)。如：I forget closing the door.我忘记我把门关了。(我关了门，但是我忘了这件事)I for
43、got to do my homework last night.我昨天晚上忘记做作业了。(实际上我没有做)3make ones way前往；费力地前进As soon as he saw us,he made his way through the crowd to greet us.他一看见我们就从人群中挤过来迎接我们。与way搭配的常用词组(1)in a wayin one way在一定程度上；从某方面说。如：In a way he was right.在某种程度上他是对的。(2)on the way1)表示“即将来(去)；就要来(去)”。如：Spring is on the way.春天
44、快到了。2)表示“在路上；在行进中”。如：He stopped for breakfast on the way.他中途停下吃早点。(3)by the way1)表示“在途中的路旁”。如：They stopped for a picnic by the way.他们途中停在路边野餐。2)表示“顺便说；顺便问”。如：By the way, do you know where Mary lives?顺便问一下，你知道玛丽住在哪里吗？(4)in the wayin sb.s way,表示“挡路；碍事”。如：Im afraid your car is in the way.恐怕你的汽车挡道了。You
45、are in my way.你挡着我的路了。句法精析I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid.在那之后我难以清晰地思考，因为我很害怕。have trouble(in) doing sth.为固定词组，意为“做某事有困难或麻烦”。表示类似意思的词组还有：have problems/difficulty (in) doing sth.。如：Thousands of people have trouble falling asleep.成千上万的人都有难以入睡的困扰。He had no trouble finding a job.他毫不费劲地找到了一份工作。语法精讲过去进
