1、 Be able to:To learn to use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice.To make sentences using the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice.Part.1Leading-inLeading inb.They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.a.The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaur
2、ant before his new cookbook was published.Look and SayQ:In sentence(a),which action happened first,“set up”or“was published”?Q:In sentence(b),which action happened first,“finished”or“joined”?present past future earlier past had set upwas publishedhad finishedjoinedPast perfect:had donePast perfect t
3、ense is used to tell an activity done before something in the past.So it is used in a background of past.1.What is past perfect tense?过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续的动作或状态。“过去的过去”Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back.presentpastpast perfect1.Hong Kong _(return)to China in 1997.returned2
4、.Macao _(return)to China in 1999.returned3.Hong Kong _(return)to China before Macao came back.had returned过去完成时过去完成时 past perfect tense图片来自网络图片来自网络过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前完成的动作。nowABPart.2While-class2.Structure of past perfect tense 否定句：否定句：Hong Kong hadnt returned to China before Macao came back.一般疑问句：一
5、般疑问句：Had Hong Kong returned to China before Macao came back?Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back.肯定句：肯定句：Sb.had done sth.否定句：否定句：Sb.hadnt done sth.一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Had sb.done sth.？过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态过去完成时的主动语态和被动语态一、过去完成时的主动语态（1）构成：had+过去分词（2）用法表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作。它表示这个动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”
6、，这一过去时间可用by,before 等构成的短语及 when,before,after,by the time 等引导的状语从句表示。I had finished my homework before I had supper.我在晚饭前把家庭作业做完了。表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常与for,since构成的表示一段时间的短语或since 引导的表示一段时间的从句连用。He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1990.他说自从1990年以来他的家乡发生了
7、很大的变化。表示原计划或打算做某事而没有做成。常用动词有want,mean,plan,hope,suppose,expect,intend等。They had wanted to help but couldnt get there in time.他们本来是要去帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那里。He had hoped to catch the 8:00 bus,but found it gone.他原希望赶上8点的公共汽车，却发现那趟车已经走了。3.Usage of past perfect tensee.g.He had learned 2,000 English words by the e
8、nd of last year.有时间状语有时间状语before/by(the end of)by then,by the end of,by that time,until then,by the time+过去时间点时。过去时间点时。e.g.I had hoped to go to your birthday party,but I was too busy.动词动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan等用等用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。过去完成时表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。用于过去完成时的句型用于过去完成时的句型(1
9、)在在hardly/scarcely.when;no sooner.than 句型中句型中,主句用过去完成时主句用过去完成时,从句从句用一般过去时。用一般过去时。I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.No sooner had I walked in the door than they arrived.(2)在在It was the first/second/.time that.“这是第一这是第一/第二第二/次次”中中,that从句要用过去完成时。从句要用过去完成时。It was the third time that t
10、he boy had been late.(3)It was+一段时间一段时间+since从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。It was two years since he had left his hometown.（3）特殊句式）特殊句式It/This/That was the first/second.time that sb.had done sth.这是那是某人第一次第二次做某事。This was the second time that the musician had toured Europe.这是这位音乐家第二次在欧洲巡回演出。用于hardly/sc
11、arcely.when,no sooner.than 句式中。The audience had hardly been seated when the saxophone solo started.观众刚落座，萨克斯独奏就开始了。I had no sooner finished the work than the light went out.我刚完成工作，灯就熄灭了。这两个句子可以把hardly,no sooner 提到句首变成倒装句，时态不变。Hardly had the audience been seated when the saxophone solo started.No soo
12、ner had I finished the work than the light went out.（4）过去完成时、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别，试比较：He had worked as a lecturer before he became a manager.在成为一名经理之前，他做过讲师。He has been a manager for years.他当经理已经有几个年头了。He once worked as a lecturer,but now he is a manager.他曾做过讲师，但现在他是一名经理。By the time he got to the school,t
13、he first period had been finished.How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.He did what he had been told to.他做了别人让他做的事。二、过去完成时的被动语态二、过去完成时的被动语态（1）构成：had been+及物动词的过去分词（2）用法表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by,be
14、fore 等引导的时间状语连用。A new agreement had been signed by the time we got there.等我们到那儿的时候，一项新协议已经签署了。When he reached the nearby shop.it had already been closed.当他赶到附近的那家商店时，它已经关门了。表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for,since 引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks.据报
15、道，这场拍卖会已经做了好几个星期的广告。用在宾语从句中，常放在said,told,thought,wondered等动词过去式的后面，表示在这些动作之前已经发生的被动动作。The architect told us that the project had been completed.那位建筑师告诉我们工程已经竣工了。根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。He had to leave his house because it had been flooded.他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹没了。【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1)The tickets _(
16、sell)out before I came to the cinema.2)By the end of last year,we _(produce)20,000 cars.3)He _(tell)many times not to be late.4)We _(warn)to be careful of rats.5)A power station _(set)up in their home town.had been sold had produced had been told had been warned had been set 6)The train _(leave)befo
17、re we reached the station.7)100 tractors _(produce)by the end of last year.8)When the police arrived,the thieves _(run)away.9)She told us that the meeting _(cancel).10)The car _(drive)away this morning.had left had been produced had run had been canceledhad been driven 1.After being discovered by Du
18、tch explorers in 1606，the eastern half of Australia _(claim)by the British in 1770.2.His sister left home in 1998，and _ ever since.3.She returned home and found all her furniture _(ruin)by the flood.4.This Monday morning I was informed I _ as one of three exchange students from our college.I.Complet
19、e the sentences using the correct forms of the words in the box.has been claimedhad not been heard ofPracticehad been ruinedhad been chosen 5.Arthur was surprised when he _(arrive)home because the tornado _(take)the feathers off his chickens.6.We _(leave)the house when the thunderstorm _(finish).7.H
20、e _(try)to drive back to his home before the flood _(pass)through the village.arrivedhad takenlefthad finishedhad triedpassed(2020全国I)1.It didnt tum out as I_(wish).(2020全国II)2.He hung them above the same table he_(move)from Turin.(2020全国II)3.His son,age 15,who_(take)an art appreciation class,though
21、t that there was something unusual about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.(2020山东高考)4.A flood_(hit)the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds.had wishedhad movedhad takenhad hitSituation 1When I set off for the cafeteria.I h a d j u s t f i n i s h e d m y homework.I had ordered a taxi online.the windows had been closed.the light had been switched off.Situation 2Before he went into the chocolate factory.Situation 3By the time I arrived at the“insect”party.Thank you！
