1、2023年中考英语一轮复习：介词用法大全与精选练习题学习介词的最好方法是要弄清楚介词与介词之间位置上的关系，请参考下图：I分类：1常用简单介词：about, across, against, among, after, at, behind, besides, beyond, by,concerning, beneath, between, despite, except, during, down, for, from, past, than, under, until 等。2合成介词：inside, outside, onto, out of, within 等。3短语介词：accordi
2、ng to, ahead of, along with, as for, because of, be means of, due to, in spite of, on behalf of, owing to, with regard to 等。II介词与“的”之关系：在英语学习中，一遇到“的”，大家就会立刻想到s 所有格或者of。实际上，在很多情况下，“的”必须借助于介词才能准确表达。以下请同学们重复记忆： 美国的冬天 the winter in America 停车场的入口 the entrance to the parking lot 穿过森林的小路 the path through
3、the forest 鲁迅的著作 the works by Lu Xun 水中的月亮 the moon reflected in water 历史的见证 thewitnessto history 对爱的渴望 a longing for love 对我们不利的证据 the evidence against us 阳光下的漫步 a walk in the sunlight 追求名誉的女人 a lady after fame 两人之间的争论 an argument between the two persons重要介词的重要用法：（1）from：此介词表示“to”相反的方向。He came from
4、 London.He went to London.二词常搭配使用“from. to.”We studied English from morning to afternoon.Hell start from Beijing to Shanghai.经典用法： 由于 The girl istremblingfrom fear. 免除Trampsare always free from care. 流浪汉们总是无忧无虑。 分开 The couple parted from each other at the airport. 由制成 The red wine is made from grape
5、s. 红葡萄酒是由葡萄制成的。由from引导的惯用法：from far 从远处from now / then on 从现在/那时起from bad to worse 每况愈下from time to time（occasionally 时而）习语：She comes to visit me from time to time.（2）out of：表示与into相反的语意。He will be out of town.I stepped out of the dark room.out of+ 名词 (= lack, to be without 用完，用光）He went to the shop
6、 because he was out of paper.out of date (= old-fashioned 过时的）The book has been out of date.out of work (= jobless 失业的)He needs money because be is out of work.out of the question (= impossible 不可能的)Finishing the hard work is out of the question.out of question (= doubtless 毫无疑问的）That he can do it w
7、ell is out of question.out of order（= not functioning 失灵的）Her radio is out of order, so she cant listen to it.（3）by：表示从旁经过或在附近。He passed by me without saying hello.He lives by the sea.经典用法： 通过This is the nearest road by which they came. 在时候The young man works by day and steals money by night. 由所生He
8、has two sons by her second wife. 抓住She caught her child by his coat in the flood. 按计算The farmers sell their apples by the pound. 就（气质，特征）而言He is an artist bytemperament（气质）.用于被动语意，导出动作执行者：The glass was broken by the boy.by + 具体时间：They usually have dinner by 8 oclock.by + 交通工具 (bus, train, plan.)：He
9、travelled to Paris by air/plane.by the end of + 时间名词：到末为止By the end of last year, they had learnt 100 texts.By the end of this term, they will have learnt 100 texts.by then：到那时He will graduate in 1999, by then he will leave Beijing.by way of (= via)：经由，取道They are going to the United States by way of
10、 Hong Kong.by the way：顺便问By the way, do you know where Mr. Li has gone?by far：得多（用于修饰比较级和最高级）The book is by far the best on the subject.by accident：不小心，与on purpose（故意地）语意相反The wrong information was put into the computer by accident.（4）in：在内部，与out 语意相反。All the students are in the classroom.in + month
11、 / year: 在某月/年in January, in 2000in time：及时They arrived at the station in time.in the way 挡住去路He couldnt drive his car away because a big stone was in the way.once in a while 时而Once in a while, he went to the Museum.in no time at all 立刻，迅速He finished his homework in no time at all.in themeantime同时He
12、 was having supper, and in the meantime he watched TV.in a row 坐在某一排上Wesatin the 20th row of the cinema.in the event that 如果In the event that you pass the exam, Ill telephone you.in case 万一，如果Bring you raincoat in case it rains.in the street 在街上in the past 在过去in the future 在未来in the beginning 开始，起初i
13、n the end 最后，终于get in touch with 与取得联系keep in touch with 与保持联系（5）on：位于某物体表面上。The dishes are on the round table.on a day / date 在某天及某天的上，下午，晚上on Wednesday, on February 9th , 1999on Friday afternoon, on a dark night.on a / the + (bus, plane, ship, train, bike)He went to school on a bus.on a . street 在
14、某条街道Mrs. Smith lives on 5th Avenue.on the corner (of two streets) 在两条街道相交的一角That shoe store is on the corner of 2nd Street and 5th Avenue.on the television / the radio 在电视/ 收音机里The manager will make a speech onthe TV.on the telephone 打电话You are wanted on the phone. 有您的电话on sale 出售The books are on sa
15、lefor $7 each.on the floor of a building 位于某层楼on time 准时（比in time 具体）on thesidewalk在人行道上on the way 在途中on the right/left 在右侧/左侧on the whole 总的来说，总体上on the one hand, or the other hand 一方面，另一方面on foot 步行（6）at：此介词通常用来指某一特定时间和地点。at + 地点Mr. Smith lives at 15, 16th Avenue.注：在某条街道On. street，而在某街某号应用at。at +
16、特定时间At 7:00 in the morning, he goes towork.at home/school/work 在家上学上班at night 在晚上at best 充其量at times 有时at peace 和平状态at least 至少at worst 最差at intervals 间或，时而at random 随意，胡乱地at most 至多at present 目前，现在at war 交战at leisure 悠闲自得地at a loss 不知所措at large 逍遥法外（7）其它介词短语：in place of / instead of 代替for the most
17、part - mainly 主要地in hopes of 希望off and on 时断时续all of a sudden 突然for good 永远（8）“动词短语+介词”构成的习语：break off 结束The two countries broke off theirdiplomaticrelationship.call on sb. 要求，拜访，呼吁He called on the workers to struggle.care for 关心，照顾，喜爱She only cares for new clothes.I have to care for my son after sc
18、hool.check on 调查come along with sb. 伴随，和某人在一起come down with 因而生病介词如何搭配英语属于“分析性语言”，词语之间的语义关系不是通过词形变化，而是通过相对固定的词序以及词语的搭配关系表现出来的。而我们今天要学习的介词，就是在这种搭配关系中扮演举足轻重地位的一大词类。介词地位虽高，但却不能单独承担句子成分，其前或其后必须与某些词相搭配出现，才能真正发挥作用。到底哪些词语与介词更配呢？1. 介词与形容词（1）一对一：有些形容词要求与一定的介词搭配。He isindifferent tomy feelings. 他对我的感受毫不在意。The
19、country isrich inwater. 这个国家水资源丰富。（2）一对多：有些形容词后可与不同介词搭配。The old man isblind oftwo eyes. 老人双目失明。The little boy isblind tohis mistakes. 小男孩对自己的错误视而不见。My parents are verydisappointed withmy brother. 父母对弟弟很失望。My brother isdisappointed atnot passing the exam. 弟弟没通过考试，很失望。2. 介词与动词（1）动词+介词：Pleaseconcentrat
20、e onone thing at a time. 一次请关注一件事情。You canappeal tohigher court. 你可以向更高法院上诉。（2）动词+宾语+介词：We shouldprevent factories frompolluting the environment. 我们应该防止这些工厂污染环境。My friendstook me intotheir confidence.我的朋友们相信我。（3）动词+副词+介词：Try your best tocatch up withyour classmates. 尽全力追上同学们。We shouldget along withe
21、ach other. 我们应该和睦相处。（4）动词+宾语+副词+介词：He is a bad boy and alwaysputs something over onothers. 他是个调皮的孩子，总是捉弄别人。You cannottake your resentment out onme. 你不能拿我泄愤。3. 介词与名词（1）名词+介词：Please find asolution tothis problem as soon as possible. 请尽快找到这个问题的解决方法。（2）介词+名词：To my surprise, he passed the exam. 令我惊讶的是，他通
22、过了考试。We will do everything介词短语的运用什么叫做介词短语介词 + 名词（或者代词，或者相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句）= 介词短语in the morning 在早晨under the tree 在树下from China 来自中国*注意区别“介词短语”和“短语介词”：介词短语是（介词 + 名词性短语），可以单独作为句子成分；短语介词是（一个相当于介词的短语），不能单独作为句子成分。短语介词：according to 根据ahead of 在之前apartfrom 在之外because of 由于by means of 以之手段by way of 作为介词短语的位置
23、一、位于动词之后表示位置She livesin Shanghai.她住在上海。The children are playingin the streetnow.现在孩子们在街上玩。二、位于动词之后表示方向He wentinto the kitchen.他到厨房里去。三、位于句首表示突出、对照In the gardeneverything was so beautiful.花园里一切都是那么美丽。四、位于句首，倒装主谓Behind melay the fields.在我的后面是一片田野。On the deskis a bag.桌子上有一个袋子。五、位于名词之后，用于限制前面的名词The appl
24、eon the plateis for you.盘子上的苹果是给你的。gat your request.我们会满足你的所有要求。基础英语语法训练-介词1. We need fifteen more people our team to do the job.A.butB.exceptC. as wellD. besides2.It happened to be very cold the morning of our sports meet.A.atB.ofC.onD. with3.“How long has this bookshop been in business?” 1982.”A.A
25、fterB. InC.FromD. Since4. We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance exams.A.atB.ofC.forD.on5. The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station_5:40 pm at the latest.A.untilB. afterC.byD.around6. The train leaves at 6:00 pm. So I have to be at the station 5:00pm a
26、t the latest.A.untilB.afterC.byD. around7. production up by 60%,the company has another excellent yearA.AsB. ForC.WithD. Through8. Come and see me_two or three_A.for, daysB.after, daysC. in, days timeD. during, day time9. most student, she was always well prepared and never came to class late.A.Like
27、B.AsC.ForD.To10.I wanted two seats Madame Curie for Friday night, so I rang the cinema to see ifI could book two tickets.A.ofB.aboutC.toD.for11.The number of the employees has grown from 1000 to 1200.This means it rise 20 percent.A.byB.atC.toD. with12.I know nothing about the young lady she is from
28、BeijingA.exceptB. except forC. except thatD. besides13. The sunlight came in the windows in the roof and lit up the whole roomA.throughB.acrossC.onD. Over14. Theres something her that I really dont likeA.withB.forC.toD. about15. I was angry him for keeping me waitingA.withB.toC.aboutD.on16. going to
29、 French evening classes twice a week she does yoga on Wednesdays.A.Because ofB. ExceptC.BesidesD. But for17._cooking, writing and running the farm, she was very busy.A.AmongB.BetweenC.OverD.As18._ one old lady, the bus was emptyA.ExceptB. Except forC.ButD. Besides19. They promise that the work would
30、 all be finished next week.A.untilB.inC.byD. to20. We didnt live together. We kept in touch writing often.A.withB.ofC.onD.by21. It was very kind of her. She insisted her car to us.A.to lendB. lendingC.on lendingD. in lending22. Weve talked a lot cars. What about trains?A.ofB. withC.aboutD.in23. “How long have you been here?“ the end of last month.”A.InB.ByC.AtD. Since【参考答案A组】1-5 DCDDC 6-10 CCCAD 11-15ACADA16-20CBB CD 21-23CCD第 17 页 共 17 页
