1、仓库安全管理是一系列管理规则和最佳实践的组合，来帮助员工确保一个安全的工作环境和加强安全的作业行为。从可持续运营的立场来看，健康与安全需要放在非常优先的位置，根据美国国家职业健康安全局发布的伤亡数据，仓库的伤亡事故率高于全行业的平均水平。Warehouse safety is a set of regulatory guidelines and industry best practices to help warehousing personnel ensure a safe work environment and reinforce safe behavior when working
2、in warehouses. For sustainable warehouse operations, health and safety should be prioritized as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) revealed that the fatal injury rate for the warehousing industry is higher than the national average for all industries.本文内容提要This article features
3、: 仓库安全的重要度the importance of warehouse safety; 美国职业安全局的仓库标准及仓库安全指导OSHA warehousing standards and warehouse safety guidelines; 八种常见安全风险及如何消除风险the 8 most common safety hazards in a warehouse and how to eliminate them; 最重要的三条的安全提示及实践top 3 warehouse safety tips and best practices; 仓库安全项目，培训及主题warehouse s
4、afety program, training, and topics; and 仓库安全点检项目free warehouse safety checklists you can download, customize, and use.为什么仓库安全是重要的？Why is Warehouse Safety Important?仓库是一个危险的工作区域。理解常见的风险就非常重要，因为这些能导致伤害乃至死亡风险。根据美国劳工局的统计显示平均美国每年16起仓库死亡事故，仓库伤残比例达到员工总数的5%。Warehouses can be dangerous places to work in. It
5、 is important to understand common warehouse dangers and hazards because they can cause injuries and in extreme cases death. The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported an average of 16 fatalities every year in the U.S. warehousing and storage sector and a reported injury and illness rate of 5 out of
6、 every 100 warehouse and storage workers.美国职业健康安全局规定与仓库安全原则OSHA Warehouse Regulations and Warehouse Safety Rules其实没有明确界定仓库安全规定和仓库运营，不过这些在总体管理要求里分别体现，参考一下的相关要求：While there are no explicit OSHA warehousing regulations, warehouse operations fall under the general industry requirements which include the
7、 following OSHA standards: 风险沟通Hazard Communication 仓库运行方需要准备同时执行一个书面的沟通函，使仓库作业人员了解自身所曝露的风险，以及他们如何防护自己。Warehouse operators should prepare and implement a written Hazard Communication (HazCom) program and warehouse workers who may be exposed to hazardous chemicals should know about them and how to pr
8、otect themselves. 应急处置计划Emergency Action Plan (EAP) 如果仓库业主没有自己的消防队，他们就需要指定一个仓库或者或者其他应急事件的预案。If warehouse owners do not have an in-house fire brigade, then they should have a detailed plan describing the actions warehousing employees should take in the event of a fire or other emergency situations. 火
9、灾防范Fire Safety 仓库如果雇佣超过10个员工，就需要指定一个书面的火灾预防计划，将其保存于仓库里，让仓库员工学习确认。Warehouse management employing more than 10 workers should have a writtenfire prevention plan, kept in the warehouse and made available to warehouse personnel for review. 紧急通道Exit Routes 仓库至少需要两个以上的紧急通道。这些通道需要远离可能被烟火封堵的路线，需要定期检查、维护等。Wa
10、rehouses should have at least two well-designed and well-constructed emergency exit routeslocated as far away as practical from each other in case one is blocked by fire or smokethat are regularly inspected for maintenance, safeguards, and operational features. 行走通道或者工作面Walking / Working Surfaces 仓库
11、员工如果是高位作业人员特别是升降平台，需要设置保护系统来防止坠落。这些坠落事故是非常显著的严重伤亡事故来源。Warehouse and storage facility workers working at heights, especially on elevated platforms, should have fall protection systems toprotect themselves from fallswhich is among the leading causes of serious work-related injuries and deaths. 医学急救装置M
12、edical and First Aid 美国职业健康安全局要求仓库运营者需要提供急救装置。OSHA requires warehouse operators to providemedical and first-aidpersonnel and supplies commensurate with warehouse hazards such as faulty pallet racks and racking falls due to unsafe use of forklifts, among others.仓库安全风险以及如何处理Warehouse Safety Hazards an
13、d What to Do When You Encounter Them以下是8类常见安全风险以及安全提示Here are 8 of the most common warehouse safety hazards and safety tips and resources to help you identify and control them:1. 叉车Forklifts叉车是仓库运营的关键设备。可是如果不正确地使用，可能导致操作人员和周边行人以及财产损失。不安全的操作叉车是最经常的安全事故-根据健康安全局的数据。Forklifts are critical pieces of equi
14、pment used in warehousing and storage facilities. However, when operated incorrectly can cause serious damage to operators, nearby workers and property. Unsafe use of forklifts is the most often cited hazard in warehousing operations byOSHA. Below are a few basic warehouse safety tips to follow in f
15、orklift use: 确保叉车司机是经过培训且胜任的。需要保持经常的培训，评估司机是否安全操作叉车。Ensure all forklift operators are competent and have completed certified training. Perform regular refresher training and evaluation when an operator is observed operating the vehicle in an unsafe manner. 需要执行日常的班次前点检。Perform daily pre-start forkli
16、ft equipment inspections to check for controls and equipment damage.2. 装卸跳板Docks一个非常危险的事故是员工被卡在叉车和装卸月台之间。比较常见的是叉车离开月台，撞击到行人。One of the worst accidents a worker could suffer when working in a warehouse is being pinned or crushed between a forklift truck and the loading dock. This typically occurs whe
17、n a forklift runs off the dock and strikes a person. Follow the tips below to ensure the safety of workers: 司机需要保持警惕，尤其是装卸月台区域，确保跳板边缘整洁且安全，能够达到额度承载能力。Forklift operators must be attentive and drive slowly on dock plates, make sure dock edges are clear and safe to support loads. 确保提示标识清楚，同时防止人员接近装卸月台。
18、Always ensure that warning signs and mechanisms are in place to prevent people from getting near docks.3. 输送带Conveyors输送带是经常在不同仓库之前运输。可是输送带经常容易导致严重的安全事故，比如被输送带卡住或者被坠落物体砸伤。为了确保仓库安全，以下事项需要注意：Conveyor equipment is commonly used in the transportation of goods from warehouse to warehouse. However, convey
19、ors pose serious dangers to workers including getting caught in equipment and being struck by falling objects. To ensure warehouse safety, it is important to do the following:确保适当的保护装备来分隔人员和输送线，来防止衣服、人体部位或者头发 Ensure propersafeguarding equipmentbetween the conveyor and the worker to protect against t
20、he entanglement of clothing, body parts and hair.采用恰当的上锁挂牌装置，来处理输送线的维护保养 Follow properlockout tag-out proceduresduring conveyor maintenance and repairs.4. 物料存储Materials storage不恰当地将货物堆放在货架上，可能导致货物坠落或者伤害到周边的工作人员。Improper stacking of loads and storage of materials on shelves can result in unintended s
21、lip and trip hazards for nearby workers. 保障通道或行人道路通畅，防止行人滑倒或摔倒Keep aisles and passageways clear and in good condition, this prevents workers from slipping, tripping, or falling. 货物需要平稳和规范放置，重的货物放到低处。牢记一次只处理一个货物负载。Loads should be placed evenly and properly positioned, heavier loads must be stacked on
22、 lower or middle shelves. Always remember to remove one load at a time.5. 人工处理Manual lifting/handling最常见的人体受伤是不恰当地手工提升或搬运货物。不能遵循正确的方法，可能导致肌肉受伤，尤其是一些非常不舒适的姿势，重复作业或者用力过猛。保障人力作业的安全，需要采取以下行动The most common cause of physical injuries in warehouse and storage facilities involves improper manual lifting an
23、d handling. Failure to follow proper procedures can cause musculoskeletal disorders, especially if done with awkward postures, repetitive motions, or overexertion. Warehouse safety during manual lifting or handling can be ensured by doing the following: 提前计划和尽量减少举升，通过合理的工艺设计技术。Plan ahead and determi
24、ne if the need for lifting can be minimized by applying good engineering design techniques. 探察发现合理的人体工程学姿势来搬运货物。如果货物太重，需要请求他人帮忙。学习一些人体工程学的基本知识。Observe proper ergonomic posture when carrying or moving loads. If products are too heavy, ask assistance from a co-worker. Learn more aboutthe principles of
25、 ergonomics in the workplace.6. 化学品安全风险Hazardous chemicals当处理危化品时，需要建议一个有效的风险沟通或宣贯机制。这个机制要覆盖有效的培训来识别潜在化学品风险，来恰当存储和搬运这些化学品。需要确保员工和管理团队能够有效地检查安全风险、适当地处理和存储危化品，从而确保仓库安全。When handling hazardous chemicals in your warehouse or storage facilities, a hazard communication program should be implemented. Your
26、hazard communication program should cover effective training on identifying chemical hazards; proper handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals; and the use of appropriate PPE (personal protective equipment). It is imperative that workers and management teams be knowledgeable in conducting better
27、safety inspections and properhandling and storing of hazardous chemicalsto ensure warehouse safety.7. 充电或加油站Charging stations充电房或加油站是用来给仓库动力设备补足能力的设施。这些设备需要加油或气，或者电池充电。如果仓库安全规则未能被遵守，可能导致火灾或爆炸。Charging stations in warehouse facilities are used to refuel or recharge all powered equipment to function.
28、Units may be powered by gasoline, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), or battery. If warehouse safety guidelines are not followed, fires and explosions can occur. 充电或加油站不允许明火。不允许吸烟。灭火器需要保持一个良好的状态。Charging stations should be away from open flames. Smoking should be prohibited.Fire extinguishers should be ava
29、ilableand in good working condition in case of fire.需要一个通风系统来处理有害气体。需要恰当的个人防护装置。An adequate ventilation system must be installed to disperse harmful gases. ProperPPE should be worn. Eye-washing and shower facilities should be present should employees get exposed to acids and chemicals.8，Energized eq
30、uipment挂牌上锁系统需要在仓库运营采用，确保动力设备在维保期间切断动力。A Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) program must be implemented in all warehouse operations to ensure that all energized equipment is properly shut off and to prevent employees from being caught between mechanical parts or being electrocuted. All affected workers must be t
31、rained on LOTO procedures and how to apply and remove LOTO devices after performing maintenance to ensure warehouse safety. Check out this collection ofdigital LOTO checkliststo learn more.最重要的三个仓库安全提示和最佳实践Top 3 Warehouse Safety Tips and Best Practices根据不同类型的商业，有些特别的安全守则。无论如何安全手册必须得到员工的遵循。以下是一些通用的安全
32、守则。Depending on the type of business, there are specific safety rules to be followed due to hazards that are also specific to the type of work people do. However, there are also warehouse safety rules that should be adhered to by workers in any warehouse. Below are a few general tips to follow to en
33、sure warehouse safety, regardless of business or industry. 强化合适的人体工程学Reinforce proper ergonomics at all times.仓库员工经常要举重和处理货物，所以需要恰当的训练来避免伤害。仓库安全项目需要涵盖人体工程学。除了在举升或搬运货物时，其他时间也要注意人体工程学。Warehouse employees do a lot of heavy lifting, and it is important that they are trained in the proper lifting procedu
34、res so that they avoid hurting others and themselves. Your warehouse safety program should cover ergonomics in the workplace. Aside from proper lifting and operation of lifting tables, remind employees to maintain proper posture in general. If they have to do manual lifting, train them in the proper
35、 techniques that will help protect the back and knees from injury. 确保火灾风险最小化，保持恰当的火灾对应设施Ensure that all fire hazards are minimized and that appropriate fire safety measures are in place.当运行仓库时，你需要所有必须的保健器材，消火栓，和喷淋管路等。这些设施必须处于良好状态，即使未经培训的人员也能使用。定期检查和培训确保人员和设施处于良好的准备状态。If you have an operating warehou
36、se facility, you probably have all the necessary fire alarms, extinguishers, and sprinklers as required by safety regulations in your area. While this is all well and good, it wont matter if the people in the warehouse arent trained in their proper use. Schedule regular training and inspections to e
37、nsure that all employees are knowledgeable in fire safety processes and that all fire safety measures are in place and functioning as required. 最小化割伤风险，强化安全处理锋利物体的机制。Minimize cutting dangers and enforce safe handling of sharp objects.员工在仓库里经常要处理包装或未包装的物体。经常会有一些尖锐的钢铁或者塑料等。这就是为什么一定要适合的PPE，来防止伤亡。Worker
38、s in a warehouse environment handle a lot of packing and unpacking tasks; they constantly use a lot of corrugated, metal, and plastic straps and plastic pallet wrappings. This is why its vital that they use proper PPE and safety knives to avoid serious injury or death. Safety knives should retract a
39、utomatically, limit the exposed cutting surface, and not require too much sharpening. All workers should also be trained in the proper cutting techniques to ensure warehouse safety at all times.仓库安全项目，培训和主题Warehouse Safety Program, Training, and Topics设立和位置一个持续进行的流程来管理仓库安全培训，来识别安全风险点，从而去除危险点。任何仓库必须根
40、据现实来制定安全项目。Setting and maintaining warehouse safety programs is an ongoing process of identifying barriers to safe work and removing them from the warehouse operations. Any warehouse safety program should be tailored to the current condition, needs, and culture of the warehousing workers, but it sho
41、uld at least contain: 仓库安全规范Warehouse Safety Rules 包括法定安全规范，如安全防护设备PPE，强制安全标识，风险沟通机制及防火措施和紧急处理预案。includes OSHA requirements such as appropriate PPE, mandatory safety signages, HazCom program, fire prevention plan, andemergency action plan 仓库标准作业流程Warehousing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) 特别适用
42、于那些机械设备相关的作业。especially applies to certain job tasks and for operating specialized pieces of machinery or new equipment 仓库安全培训Warehouse Safety Training 包括叉车作业资格，危险品存储和处理及恰当的人机工程学和危险品识别等。generally includes forklift operator certification, hazardous material handling and storage training, and proper e
43、rgonomics and hazard identification in warehousing 仓库安全主题Warehouse Safety Topics 主要包括，但不限于PPE，叉车，危险材料，高位作业及挂牌上锁和防火措施等。typically covers but is not limited toPPE, forklifts, hazardous materials,working at heights, LOTO procedures, and fire safety 仓库检查及记录保持Warehouse Inspections and Record-keeping 关键在于检
44、查检查5S，日常叉车检查，这些记录需要恰当保持。包括会议小结，改装措施及培训，事故报告及调查报告。crucial warehousing checks such asracking inspections,5S audits, daily pre-use forklift inspections, and warehouse tools and equipment preventive maintenance should be adequately documented and kept for a certain period, includingsafety meeting minute
45、s, corrective actions to safety concerns, training initiatives, incident reporting, and investigative reports 仓库安全委员会Warehouse Safety Committee 最好能够包含不同部门以及一线员工代表。ideally composed of members from different departments as frontline ambassadors of safety on the warehouse floor如果忽视仓库安全规程去降低成本，就可能导致员工处于
46、风险之中。提供员工恰当的培训，执行安全检查，仓库安全措施等，可以帮助维护一个安全健康的工作环境。If safety procedures andworkplace hazardsare disregarded in warehouses to cut costs, it exposes workers to serious risks of accidents and injury. Providing workers training on hazard awareness, conducting safety inspections, and implementing warehouse safety measures can help maintain a safe, secure and healthy working environment.
