1、定语从句（习题与写作）定语从句（习题与写作）考点一关系代词引导的定语从句考点一关系代词引导的定语从句 1.只用that不用which的情况：(1)先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,something,everything,nothing,none,the one等或被不定代词修饰时。I refuse to accept the blame for something_that was someone elses fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。(2)当先行词被the only,the very,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时。T
2、his is the_very person that Im waiting for.这正是我在等的那个人。(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the_most_interesting film that Ive ever seen.这是我看过的最有趣的电影。(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。What is the_first American film that you have seen?你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the_things_and_persons_that they
3、 are talking about?你知道他们在谈论什么人和什么事情吗？2.whose用法4)whose的用法whose表所属关系，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which；指人时相当于of whom。The school shop,whose customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。3.whom与whowho或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/th
4、at不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。(4.as与which引导的非限定性定语从句(1)as引导的非限制性定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，可以放在句首、句中和句末；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在先行词的后面。As we know,China is famous
5、 for its Four Great Inventions./China,as we know,is famous for its Four Great Inventions./China is famous for its Four Great Inventions,as we know.(2)as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态。如as is known,as was said,as is reported等。as is mentioned above正如上面提到的as is often the case情况往往是这样(3)在限制性定语从句中当先行词被the same,suc
6、h修饰时，其后的定语从句用as来引导而不用which，关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。I never heard such stories as he told.我从未听过他讲的这类故事。(as作宾语)He is not the_same man as he was.他和过去不同了。(as作表语)【解题法】考查关系代词时的必备知识和一般解题思路(1)首先要了解关系代词的基本用法；who,whom,that先行词为人；that,which先行词为物；whose先行词既可以是人，也可以是物。(2)在语法填空中，考查关系代词是不给提示词的，首先判断先行词是人还是物；其次，确定先行词在定语从句
7、中所作的成分；最后判断是限制性还是非限制性定语从句，最终确定先行词。(3)在短文改错中，除了考查关系代词的基本用法外，还会涉及到that与which的区别，as与which的区别，主要考查关系代词的错用。1.(2017全国卷全国卷短文改错短文改错)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time:car magazines and musical instruments._2.Many traditional arts are lost nowadays,becaus
8、e some of which are replaced by modern products._3.Many young people,most of them were welleducated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams._4.(2018湖南师范大学附中月考湖南师范大学附中月考)It was known to all,the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life._theythat/whichwhichthemthemwhomItAs5.(2018
9、福建龙岩质检福建龙岩质检)Tibet is such a place_ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.6Tibet is such a place_all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting it.7.The books on the desk,_covers are shiny，are prizes for us.8.He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of _were published i
10、n the 1990s.asthatwhosewhich考点二关系副词引导的定语从句考点二关系副词引导的定语从句 先行词相同，关系词不同的情况先行词是表示时间或地点等的名词时，虽然先行词一样，但是因为关系词在从句中所作的成分不同，所用关系词也不同。具体分为以下几点：(1)先行词是表示时间的名词时，若关系词在从句中作时间状语，则用when；若作主语、宾语等，则用that或which。试比较：The date that Ill always remember is Oct.28,1968.我会一直记得的日子是1968年10月28日。The date when I was born is Oct.2
11、8,1968.我出生的日子是1968年10月28日。当先行词为situation,case,stage,point等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。Its helpful to put children in a situation_where they can see themselves differently.why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词forwhich”结构。Do you know the reason why/for_which he didnt attend the meeting?先行词是time时，如
12、果time作“次数”讲，应当用关系代词that来引导定语从句；time作“一段时间”讲时，若关系词在从句中作状语，则用关系副词when或at/in/during which；若关系词在从句中作主语、宾语等，则用that/which。This is the second time(that)the President has visited the country.这是总统第二次访问这个国家了。There was a time when/during_which there were no radios and no TV sets.曾经有一段时间既没有录音机也没有电视机。介词+which Tr
13、ading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(be devoted to“献身，致力于”)Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which(whose price)was very reasonable.2“of关系代词”引导的定语从句在some，any，few，little，none，all，both，neither，many，most，each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系时可以用of which/w
14、hom。He had a lot of friends，none of whom would offer help to him when he was in trouble.1.(单句改错单句改错)The exact year when Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.1._2.(单句改错单句改错)There are various activities where you can participate in._3.As the smallest child of his family,Alex is alway
15、s longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.4.(2016浙江卷浙江卷6月单项填空月单项填空)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of _has been proved.6.I would like know the reason _ which you are late.whenthat/which/wherethat/which/whenwhichfor【解题法】关系代词that/which和关系
16、副词when/where/why的必备知识和一般解题思路(1)首先要了解关系代词that/which和关系副词when/where/why的基本用法：当先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的词时，分析先行词在定语从句中所作成分，来判断用关系代词还是关系副词。(2)在语法填空中，考查关系副词是不给提示词的，先观察空格前的先行词，然后判断先行词在定语从句中作状语，从而选择相应的关系副词。(3)在短文改错中，经常涉及相同先行词关系代词that/which与关系副词when/where/why错用，因此，分析句子成分很重要。定语从句与书面表达定语从句与书面表达1.(1)I read the annonceme
17、nt of the summer camp.(2)You have posted the annoncement on the Interent.I read the annoncement of the summer camp(that/which)you have posted on the Interent.I read the annoncement posted of the summer camp on the Interent.2.(1)I will organize some campus activites,like“English Eveing”.(2)It is a pl
18、atform students can show their English.I will organize some campus activites,like“English Eveing”,a platform where students can show their English.3.(1)My physics teacher is my role model.(2)His influence on me had a lot to do with my decision.My physics teacher is my role model,whose influence on m
19、e had a lot to do with my decision.the influence of whom.4.(1)Our school will invite an education specialist to give us a lecture.(2)The lectures topic is how to improve our learning efficiency.Our school will invite an education specialist to give us a lecture,whose topic is how to improve our lear
20、ning efficiency.the topic of which is.5.(1)Our school will invite an education specialist to give us a lecture.(2)Through the lecture,we can be familar with how to improve learning efficiency.Our school will invite an education specialist to give us a lecture,through which we can be familair with ho
21、w to improve our learning efficiency.6.(1)Our class consists of 35 students.(2)Most of them are mainly from the countryside.Our class consists of 35 students,most of whom are mainly from the countryside.7.(1)We arrange many activities.(2)One of them is talking to a native speaker.We arrange many act
22、ivities,one of which is talking to a native speaker.8.(1)We plan to go for a hiking this weekend.(2)We will refresh ourselves and become more enegetic during this time.We plan to go for a hiking this weekend,during which time we will refresh ourselves and become more enegetic during this time.9.(1)D
23、ont be late for the contest.(2)In that case,your qualification will be cancelled.Dont be late for the contest,in which case your qualification will be cancelled.10.(1)Linyi is located in the south of Shangdong Province.(2)Its a wellknown commercial city.(3)The people there are hardworking and brave.Linyi is located in the south of Shangdong Province,which is a wellknown commercial city,where people are hardworking and brave.Located in the south of Shangdong Province,Linyi is a wellknown commercial city,where people are hardworking and brave.
