1、Adverbial Clause1.To review adverbial clauses of time,condition,and concession2.To learn how to make sentences with adverbial clauses 时间状语从句时间状语从句1.由由when,while,as引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句(1)when引导时间状语从句时表示引导时间状语从句时表示“当当的时候的时候”。从句。从句谓语动词可以是延续性谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是短暂性动词动词也可以是短暂性动词。如：。如：I studied English when I w
2、as young.When we meet,I will discuss it with you.when还可以表示突然发生某事，常译为还可以表示突然发生某事，常译为“正在正在忽然忽然”。如：。如：I was doing my homework when there was a big noise outside.(2)while引导时间状语从句时表示引导时间状语从句时表示“当当的时候的时候”。从句和主句中的谓语动词一从句和主句中的谓语动词一般是延续性动词般是延续性动词。有时也可表示主句的。有时也可表示主句的动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中，此动作发生在从句动作进行的过程中，此时主句中的谓语动词
3、通常是短暂性动词。时主句中的谓语动词通常是短暂性动词。如：如：He listened closely while she read.While the discussion was still going on,the boss came in.(3)as引导时间状语从句时表示引导时间状语从句时表示“当当时，时，一边一边一边一边，随着，随着”。这时主、。这时主、从句的两个从句的两个动作几乎同时发生动作几乎同时发生，或者一个，或者一个动作随着另一个动作的变化而变化。如：动作随着另一个动作的变化而变化。如：He looked at me curiously as I opened the door
4、.“Ill call you at nine,”he said as he left her.As time passed,things seemed to get better.2.until,till引导时间状语从句时，在肯定句引导时间状语从句时，在肯定句中表示中表示“做某事直至某时做某事直至某时”，在否定句，在否定句中表示中表示“直至某时才做某事直至某时才做某事”。如：。如：Lets wait till the rain stops.I didnt have a bike until I was 17.3.as soon as,hardly.when,no sooner.than引导时间
5、状语从句时表示引导时间状语从句时表示“一一就就”。如：。如：He left as soon as he heard the news.He had hardly arrived when it began to rain.He had no sooner got home than he began to cook.当当hardly或或no sooner位于句首时，主、谓位于句首时，主、谓语要进行部分倒装语要进行部分倒装。如：。如：Hardly had we got into the country when it began to snow.No sooner had he arrived
6、than he went away again.4.since,ever since引导时间状语从句时，表引导时间状语从句时，表示示“自从自从以来以来”。这时，。这时，主句多用主句多用现在完成时或现在完成进行时现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：。如：He has changed so much since I last saw him.Ive been writing a play ever since I quit my job.5.引导时间状语从句的词或短语还有：引导时间状语从句的词或短语还有：directly,immediately,after,before,the moment,by t
7、he time等。如：等。如：The man rushed into the room immediately he heard the noise.The baby starts crying the moment he sees his mother.if引导的条件状语从句引导的条件状语从句可分为两类：可分为两类：一类是真实条件句；一类是虚拟条件句一类是真实条件句；一类是虚拟条件句。真实条件句真实条件句1.表示依据其他将来事件，将来有可能发表示依据其他将来事件，将来有可能发生的事件生的事件。如：。如：Ill only stay if you offer me money.Well stay
8、 at home if it rains.2.表示建议或命令某人做某事，及提出请表示建议或命令某人做某事，及提出请求。求。如：如：Ill pay you double if you get the work finished by Friday.If you go out in such a cold day,put on more clothes.虚拟条件句虚拟条件句1.虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反的假设或虚拟条件句表示与现在事实相反的假设或现在不可能存在的情况时，条件从句谓现在不可能存在的情况时，条件从句谓语常用动词过去式语常用动词过去式（be动词的过去式用动词的过去式用were），），主
9、句谓语用主句谓语用“would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形”。如：。如：If I were you,I would/should/could/might help him.If I had the book at hand,I would/should/could/might read the passage to you.2.虚拟条件句表示与过去事实相反时，条虚拟条件句表示与过去事实相反时，条件从句谓语常用过去完成时，主句谓语件从句谓语常用过去完成时，主句谓语常用常用“would/should/could/might have+过去分词过去分词”。如：。如：If
10、you had worked harder,you would /should /could/might have passed your exams.3.虚拟条件句表示与将来事实相反时虚拟条件句表示与将来事实相反时，条，条件从句件从句谓语常用动词的过去式谓语常用动词的过去式（be动词动词的过去式用的过去式用were），），should+动词原形或动词原形或were to+动词原形，主句谓语用动词原形，主句谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形。如：。如：If you lived there for a while,youd change your mind
11、about that place.If he should/were to come,what should we say to him?让步状语从句让步状语从句 1.though,although,even if,even though引引导让步状语从句，表示导让步状语从句，表示“即使，虽然，即使，虽然，尽管尽管”。though和和although引导让步状语引导让步状语从句时，从句时，不与不与but连用连用，但可与，但可与yet,still等等连用。如：连用。如：Though/Although he is rich,yet he is not happy.Even if/Even thou
12、gh he is 24,he is still like a child.2.though,as 引导让步状语从句时，经常将引导让步状语从句时，经常将形容词、副词、名词或实义动词提到句形容词、副词、名词或实义动词提到句首，构成倒装首，构成倒装。如：。如：Young though he is,he is quite clever.Child as he is,he knows a lot.Try as you will,you wont manage it.3.while引导让步状语从句时，一般位于句引导让步状语从句时，一般位于句首首。如：。如：While I admit that the pr
13、oblems are difficult,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.4.“no matter+疑问词疑问词”或或“疑问词疑问词+ever”也可引导让步状语从句也可引导让步状语从句。如：。如：No matter what may happen,you should keep calm.=Whatever may happen,you should keep calm.选用括号内合适的内容填空。选用括号内合适的内容填空。_(Once/Although)birds use their feathers for flight,some of the
14、ir feathers are for other purposes.Although2.Your support is important to our work._ You can do helps.A.However B.Whoever C.Whatever D.WhereverC句意：您的支持对我们的工作来说很重要。句意：您的支持对我们的工作来说很重要。无论您做什么都能帮到我们。无论您做什么都能帮到我们。A 无论怎么无论怎么样；样；B 无论谁；无论谁；C 无论什么；无论什么；D无论哪儿。无论哪儿。结合句意，故选结合句意，故选C。3.You wont find paper cutting
15、 difficult _ you keep practicing it.A.even if B.as long as C.as if D.ever sinceB 句意：只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪句意：只要你不断练习，你就不会觉得剪纸很难。纸很难。A即使，虽然；即使，虽然；B只要；只要；C犹如，犹如，好像；好像；D自从。结合句意，故选自从。结合句意，故选B。4._ scientists have learned a lot about the universe,there is much we still dont know.A.Once B.Since C.Though D.UnlessC
16、 句意：尽管科学家对宇宙已经了解了许多，句意：尽管科学家对宇宙已经了解了许多，但是有许多我们仍然不能知晓的东西。但是有许多我们仍然不能知晓的东西。A一旦；一旦；B既然，自从；既然，自从；C虽然；虽然；D除非。除非。once和和unless表示条件，表示条件，since表示原因或表示原因或时间；时间；though表示让步或表示让步或 转折。这里是转转折。这里是转折含义，故选折含义，故选C。Grammar exercises选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。选用括号内合适的内容补全下面句子。1._(Although/Because)Carl is intelligent,I dont think
17、he will win the competition.2._(Because/If)I hadnt had time for lunch,I bought a sandwich.3._(If/Until)anyone calls tell them Im not at home.Although BecauseIf 4._(Only if/As if)essential,nobody wants to take the action.5.Peter hasnt had much acting experience,_(so/after)we cant give him the part.6.I cant accept,_(but/since)its very kind of you to offer,all the same.7.Can you spare five minutes _(when/until)its convenient?Only if so but when1.Complete Exercise 2-4 on page 44-45.2.Preview the Listening part.
