1、Unit NineteenSpoken and Written LanguageWords to noteAmbiguity 5; facilitate 16; formalize 11; gauge 1; haphazard 2; inevitable 10; literate 13; phenomenon 15; polarizes 6; recite 14; reverence 7; stimulate 9; successive 12; tangible 3; transmission 4; vagueness 8Understanding the textPart A: Compre
2、hending the text1. c) 2. d) 3. b) 4.c) 5. b) 6. a)Part B: True or falseStatementsT1. Speaking is an unreliable medium for transmitting knowledge across generations.F2. Misunderstandings in spoken communication do not have serious consequences.F3. In wars, orders are rarely given in writing.T4. Speak
3、ing does not permit messages to be sent over long distances. T5. Writing allows human societies to develop faster. Part C: Interpreting the text1. Two factors are very important in understanding the differences between spoken and written communication and these are audience and feedback.2. In spoken
4、 communication, we get immediate feedback from the audience, but in written communication feedback either does not occur or is delayed for a long time.3. The lack of feedback in written communication means that writers need to make sure that their writing is clear and understandable.4. Email is diff
5、icult to use well, because it is a form of writing but has the informality of speech.5. The two media are very different, but we cant argue that one is superior to the other.Developing your skillsPart A: Identifying the main idea of a textSection 1: (paragraph 1 and 2)Written language is greatly val
6、ued and respected.Because it creates a permanent record of events and transactionsSection 2: (paragraph 3)Written language is vital to the development of societies.Because it has none of the problems associated with memorized agreements.Part B: Spoken/Written EnglishAlthough it is difficult to be ce
7、rtain, a political scientist might interpret the global distribution of Coca Cola as evidence of the world economic dominance of the United States of America. The historians approach, however, would be clearer and involve researching and writing about the development of the company which manufacture
8、s the drink.Extending your vocabularyPart A: Synonyms1. always changingdynamic2. never changingstaticmon practicesconventions4. matterissue5. occurring latersuccessive6. handing in submitting7. make possible facilitate8. unavoidablyinevitably9. great respectreverence10. featurescharacteristicsPart B
9、: Forma/informal verbsInformal VerbsFormal Verbs1. go updiscuss (4)2. ask forenter (3)3. come in descend (5)4. talk aboutascend (1)5. go downrequest (2)Part C: “Tips of the Slongue”Some suggested answers:Is the dean busy?Please show me to another seat.His fathers a wealthy tycoon.He used forceps to deliver the baby.Have you met my daughters fianc?Shes riding a well-oiled bicycle.Youve wasted a whole term.Yes, the answer is in the affirmative.We will deliver a crushing blow.You missed my history lectures.2
