1、Part FourWriting and Translation1.Translation1.Translation2.Writing2.WritingKnowing About TranslationKnowing About TranslationTranslation PracticeTranslation PracticeWriting PracticeWriting PracticePart Four:Writing and Translation Translation英译汉的长句翻译（英译汉的长句翻译（2)2)原序和换序译法原序和换序译法 本书第一单元，已讨论了长句翻译中的原序本
2、书第一单元，已讨论了长句翻译中的原序和换序译法，本单元将就该译法做进一步的说明和换序译法，本单元将就该译法做进一步的说明。1.1.原序译法原序译法 当英语的句子在时间、逻辑关系的排列上与当英语的句子在时间、逻辑关系的排列上与汉语一致时，翻译时可采用原序译法。下面就是汉语一致时，翻译时可采用原序译法。下面就是出现在课文中的两个例子。出现在课文中的两个例子。Knowing About TranslationPart Four:Writing and Translation Translation1)When Grandma left her chair,Blitzen would quickly
3、jump into the chair,flashing her Lab smile from sparkling brown eyes which clearly said,“Aha,I fooled you again.”外祖母从凳子上一起身，布利茨恩就迅速跳外祖母从凳子上一起身，布利茨恩就迅速跳上那凳子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉上那凳子，从它那闪亮的棕色眼睛里掠过一丝拉布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：布拉多式的微笑，无疑是在说：“啊哈，你又上啊哈，你又上了我的当。了我的当。”Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2)And it w
4、as perhaps the first time she had heard me give a lengthy speech,using the kind of English I have never used with hera speech filled with carefully constructed grammatical phrases,burdened,it suddenly seemed to me,with nominalized forms,past perfect tenses,conditional phrases,all the forms of standa
5、rd English that I had learned in school and through books,the forms of English I did not use at home with my mother.这也许是她第一次听我长篇大论，用的是我从未在她面前这也许是她第一次听我长篇大论，用的是我从未在她面前用过的那种英语用过的那种英语演讲中满是精心构造的、合乎语法的词组，演讲中满是精心构造的、合乎语法的词组，大量名词化结构，过去完成时，条件短语（这些我似乎是突然大量名词化结构，过去完成时，条件短语（这些我似乎是突然发现的）。所有这些我在学校和书本中学到的标准语言结构，发
6、现的）。所有这些我在学校和书本中学到的标准语言结构，都不是我在家里和母亲交谈时使用的英语形式。都不是我在家里和母亲交谈时使用的英语形式。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation 但是很多英语长句的翻译无法按照原顺序翻译，而但是很多英语长句的翻译无法按照原顺序翻译，而需要对原句顺序进行调整，在不改变原意的条件下，需要对原句顺序进行调整，在不改变原意的条件下，用汉语重新组合，以时间、因果、假设与结果等逻辑用汉语重新组合，以时间、因果、假设与结果等逻辑关系译成意思连贯、内容完整的汉语句子。以下为换关系译成意思连贯、内容完整的汉语句子。以下为换序译法中
7、的几种不同情况。序译法中的几种不同情况。2.2.换序译法换序译法Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation1)Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white-collar workers.2.1 2.1 总、分关系调整总、分关系调整本句的基本句型是本句的基本句型是“such that”,翻译时对语序作翻译时对语序作调整，先说具
8、体信息，再作总结，可以译为：调整，先说具体信息，再作总结，可以译为：许多人常常宁愿栖牲比较高的工资来换取白领工许多人常常宁愿栖牲比较高的工资来换取白领工人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。人的社会地位，这在西方倒是人之常情。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2)It is reasonable to say that the truly humorous individual is not only well liked,but is often the focus of attention in any gathering.本句的基本句
9、型是本句的基本句型是“it is reasonable to say that”，翻译时把宾语从句提前，故译为：翻译时把宾语从句提前，故译为：一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任一个真正有幽默感的人不仅受人喜爱，而且在任何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点，这么说有一何聚会上也往往是人们注意的焦点，这么说有一定的道理。定的道理。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation1)However,it must be remembered that,although the identical twins who were studied lived i
10、n different families far removed from each other,the environments in those families were not,on the whole,substantially different.2.2 2.2 插入语换序插入语换序 然而，必须记住的是，尽管被研究的同卵双胞胎生活然而，必须记住的是，尽管被研究的同卵双胞胎生活在相距甚远的不同家庭里，但总体而言，那些家庭的在相距甚远的不同家庭里，但总体而言，那些家庭的环境基本上没有什么差异。环境基本上没有什么差异。句中句中“on the whole”为插入语，翻译时提前。为插入语，翻
11、译时提前。全句译为：全句译为：Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2)Even the enormous amount of money and energy devoted to the space race is,he says,to be welcomed.他认为，甚至那些大量的用于太空竞赛的财力和精他认为，甚至那些大量的用于太空竞赛的财力和精力也是值得欢迎的。力也是值得欢迎的。3)If the caged lion,for example,were free to wander on the grassy plains of Afr
12、ica,it would be continually active,ranging over long distances,hunting in family groups.比如说，笼子里的狮子一旦能自由自在地徜徉在非比如说，笼子里的狮子一旦能自由自在地徜徉在非洲大草原上，那么它会活力充沛，能与家族同类一洲大草原上，那么它会活力充沛，能与家族同类一起长途追捕猎物。起长途追捕猎物。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation句中定语从句句中定语从句“that once worked as a team to produce high-quality
13、 goods”修饰修饰“a small firm”，翻译时提前。全句译为：翻译时提前。全句译为：2.3 2.3 从句换序从句换序 2.3.1 定语从句提前定语从句提前 1)A small firm that once worked as a team to produce high-quality goods is likely to be absorbed into a vast organization where their work is mechanical and there is no possibility for personal expression.一家曾经精诚合作生产出
14、高质量产品的小公司现在一家曾经精诚合作生产出高质量产品的小公司现在可能被并入了一家大机构，员工的工作很机械，没可能被并入了一家大机构，员工的工作很机械，没有机会表现自我了。有机会表现自我了。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation被研究的这些双胞胎都生活在美国，成长的自然环境被研究的这些双胞胎都生活在美国，成长的自然环境几乎相同，并且具有几乎相同的营养史。几乎相同，并且具有几乎相同的营养史。2)The twins who were the subjects of these studies lived in America,were raise
15、d in much the same physical environments,and experienced much the same nutritional histories.3)Murder is still considered to be environments,and the television schedules are full of detective dramas which end with a murderer safely under arrest.谋杀故事仍被看作是一种消遣娱乐，而电视的节目表谋杀故事仍被看作是一种消遣娱乐，而电视的节目表里也排满了那些以杀
16、人犯笃定被捕而告终的侦探剧。里也排满了那些以杀人犯笃定被捕而告终的侦探剧。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2.3.2 目的状语从句提前目的状语从句提前 A student of mathematics must become familiar with all the signs and symbols commonly used in mathematics and bear them in mind firmly,and be well versed in the definitions,formulas as well as th
17、e technical terms in the field of mathematics,in order that he may be able to build up the foundation of the mathematical subject and master it well for pursuing advanced study.为了打好数学基础，并牢牢掌握之，以便继续深造，为了打好数学基础，并牢牢掌握之，以便继续深造，数学专业的学生必须熟悉和牢记数学中的常用符号。数学专业的学生必须熟悉和牢记数学中的常用符号。通晓定义、公式以及术语。通晓定义、公式以及术语。翻译本句时，根
18、据汉语的表达习惯，把翻译本句时，根据汉语的表达习惯，把“in order that”引导的目的状语从句提前。全句译为：引导的目的状语从句提前。全句译为：Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2.3.3 条件状语从句提前条件状语从句提前 1)The impulse to assert himself has enabled him to survive in a dangerous world,but,ironically,he is now likely to destroy his own species unless alternativ
19、e,non-violent ways of expressing aggression can be found.正是一种想要显示自己权威的冲动使人能够在这充满正是一种想要显示自己权威的冲动使人能够在这充满危险的世界上生存下来。然而具有讽刺意义的是，除危险的世界上生存下来。然而具有讽刺意义的是，除非人能找到别的非暴力的发泄好斗本性的方法，否则非人能找到别的非暴力的发泄好斗本性的方法，否则就可能毁灭自己。就可能毁灭自己。翻译本句时，根据汉语的表达习惯，把翻译本句时，根据汉语的表达习惯，把unless引导引导的条件状语从句提前。全句译为：的条件状语从句提前。全句译为：Part Four:Writi
20、ng and Translation Translation但这些例子并不能说明如果把这些同卵双胞胎分开但这些例子并不能说明如果把这些同卵双胞胎分开抚养会发生什么情况。抚养会发生什么情况。2)They do not indicate what would happen if these identical individuals were raised separately.3)First is the SETUP(or setting),next is the BODY(or story line),and these are followed by the PUNCH LINE(an un
21、expected or surprise ending)which will make the joke funny if it contains some humor.第一部分是铺垫（即背景第一部分是铺垫（即背景)，接下来是主干部分（即，接下来是主干部分（即故事情节故事情节)，随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人，随后便是妙语（即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾惊讶的结尾)。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分，这个笑话便会很有趣。这个笑话便会很有趣。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型，
22、再往下学似乎一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型，再往下学似乎就越来越难了，这其中的原因，也许教师比学生就越来越难了，这其中的原因，也许教师比学生更容易理解。更容易理解。2.3.4 时间状语从句提前时间状语从句提前 1)It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language
23、have been understood.Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation根据汉语表达习惯，翻译此句时把时间状语从句根据汉语表达习惯，翻译此句时把时间状语从句“when you have to hunt for letter-writing materials”提前。故译为：提前。故译为：2)Its difficult to be spontaneous when you have to hunt for letter-writing materials,so I keep paper,envelopes and stamps clos
24、e at hand,even when I travel.当你非得到处找写信用品时，写出来的东西就难当你非得到处找写信用品时，写出来的东西就难以自然，因此我总是把纸、信封和邮票放在手边，以自然，因此我总是把纸、信封和邮票放在手边，甚至在旅行时也是如此。甚至在旅行时也是如此。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation我回到马克的桌旁，撕掉了贴在他嘴上的胶带，无我回到马克的桌旁，撕掉了贴在他嘴上的胶带，无可奈何地耸了耸肩，这时全班都欢呼起来。可奈何地耸了耸肩，这时全班都欢呼起来。3)The entire class cheered as I walk
25、ed back to Marks desk,removed the tape,and shrugged my shoulders.4)Why is it that several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if Ive just read the weather report?为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上
26、去就像刚听我读了天气前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢预报一样呢?Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation随着两车之间的距离不断缩短，这种震荡会越来越强随着两车之间的距离不断缩短，这种震荡会越来越强烈，要是司机对这种警告仍然无动于衷的话，发动机烈，要是司机对这种警告仍然无动于衷的话，发动机的电路就会切断，危险警告灯就会亮起来。的电路就会切断，危险警告灯就会亮起来。2.3.5 比较状语从句提前比较状语从句提前 The vibration becomes more and more severe the closer the c
27、ar gets to the vehicle in front until,if the warnings go unheeded,the engine cuts out and the hazard warning lights go on.句中句中“the closer the car gets to the vehicle in front”是比较状语从句，翻译时提前。故译为：是比较状语从句，翻译时提前。故译为：Translation PracticePart Four:Writing and Translation TranslationDirections:Translate the
28、 following sentences into Chinese,using the techniques you learned above.The sentences might be useful when you write the composition.1)On the other hand,making telephone calls is much faster,so they are more appropriate when you need a quick reply.另一方面，打电话更快捷，所以当你需要很快得另一方面，打电话更快捷，所以当你需要很快得到一个答复时，电话
29、更合适些。到一个答复时，电话更合适些。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation2)Some of the best letters are written in a burst of inspiration,so keep your writing stuff in one place where you can sit down for a few minutes and write a quick note to a friend.一些最精彩的信是灵感突现时写的，所以要把文具放在一些最精彩的信是灵感突现时写的，所以要把文具放在你能坐几分钟，
30、很快给朋友写短信的地方。你能坐几分钟，很快给朋友写短信的地方。3)Such a sweet gifta piece of handmade writing,in an envelope that is not a bill,sitting in our friends path when she trudges home from a long day at work,a day our words will help repair.一封手写的信，装在一个不是帐单的信封中，在我们的朋一封手写的信，装在一个不是帐单的信封中，在我们的朋友劳累了一天疲惫地回家的时候等候在她的路上，信中的友劳累了一天
31、疲惫地回家的时候等候在她的路上，信中的话将帮助她消除一天的辛劳。这是一份多么美好的礼物啊。话将帮助她消除一天的辛劳。这是一份多么美好的礼物啊。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation4)Sometimes you cannot remember all the comments that are made because calls are transient,and cannot be kept for reading later like treasured letters.有时你无法记住说过的全部议论，因为电话里说的话是转瞬有时你无法记住
32、说过的全部议论，因为电话里说的话是转瞬即逝的，而且不能像珍藏的信件那样，可以保存起来以备以即逝的，而且不能像珍藏的信件那样，可以保存起来以备以后阅读。后阅读。5)What would make so many adults hold on to pieces of paper they had received years before as kids,some of them carrying those pages with them everywhere they went?The answer is appreciation.很多成年人一直保留着多年前他们还是孩子时收到的几页很多成年人
33、一直保留着多年前他们还是孩子时收到的几页纸，他们中的一些人不管走到哪里还都随身带着。是什么纸，他们中的一些人不管走到哪里还都随身带着。是什么促使他们这么做的呢？答案就是欣赏。促使他们这么做的呢？答案就是欣赏。Part Four:Writing and Translation Translation6)Give others recognition at every opportunity because it will build them up and motivate them.And it will make you a person of significant influence i
34、n their lives.利用一切机会表扬别人，因为这会使他们更自利用一切机会表扬别人，因为这会使他们更自信，激发他们的积极性。这还会使你成为一个信，激发他们的积极性。这还会使你成为一个在他们的人生中有重要影响的人。在他们的人生中有重要影响的人。Writing PracticePart Four:Writing and Translation WritingDirections:Write a composition on either of the following topics.Use at least 6 of the words and phrases from the box.i
35、nspiring confident encouraging commenttreasure response conscious expressiveget over pick up escape meditate1)Is Writing Better than Calling?2)Words I Will Never Forget Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing Are letters better than telephone calls?My answer is yes.My first reason is that letters
36、can be kept for a long time.I treasure all the letters from my friends and reread them in my spare time.To me they are the symbols of friendship.Every time I feel exhausted or lonely,they give me encouragement and strength.Letters are an inspiring source of courage.My second reason is that the words
37、 in the letters are written after rumination,while calls are not.Sample 1To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation WritingWhen you write a letter you have enough time to think about how to express your ideas,so you wont say anything that shouldnt be said.But when you are talking on the phone,
38、sometimes you say something unconsciously that may regret,or you may make a comment that is misunderstood or that hurts your friend.For some cases,such as love letters,writing is more romantic.Words on a page seem more expressive.Sometimes you feel more confident writing your feelings than conveying
39、 them over the phone.Part Four:Writing and Translation Writing Whenever I listen to the inspiring song“Cordial Hero”,I escape into the past.I think about many extraordinary days I went through.In those days when I was pessimistic,overwhelmed with difficulties,the song would summon up my courage and
40、uplift me.Then,I could feel that my strength was reinforced and that my body had a renewed outburst of energy.I would be more confident and ready to handle everything.Sample 2To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation Writing The following words gave me great encouragement:“How can we see the
41、rainbow without a storm?No one can succeed withouteffort”.When I was worried about tests,when I was misunderstood or criticized by others,or when things went against my expectations,the song seemed to say to me:Listen,life is not a smooth wide road,there will be some muddy paths ahead.No one can avo
42、id this.Instead we should be grateful to difficulties because they enable us to mature.To be continuedPart Four:Writing and Translation WritingEnd of Part 4End of Part 4Go to Part 5With each challenge we learn to get over our problems more easily.Many years have flown by,and many things have passed.But this beautiful song and its expressive words are always around me and encouraging me to brave the storm.
