1、语法复习专题之语法复习专题之Interpretation of Non-predicate VerbsClass 18 Senior 3 By Zhong Binghong 非谓语动词在语法填空中非谓语动词在语法填空中,每年必考，每年必考，且每年一个小题。尽管到目前为止且每年一个小题。尽管到目前为止,虽然只虽然只涉及到非谓语动词作状语、作表语和作宾涉及到非谓语动词作状语、作表语和作宾补三种用法补三种用法,但复习时但复习时,非谓语动词作定语、非谓语动词作定语、作主语和作宾语也不可忽视。作主语和作宾语也不可忽视。非谓语动词就是在句中不充当谓语的非谓语动词就是在句中不充当谓语的动词动词，有，有动词不
2、定式动词不定式、动词动词-ing形式形式和和动动词过去分词词过去分词等。等。熟读深思熟读深思指出下列句中不定式所充当的句子成分指出下列句中不定式所充当的句子成分,并注意常用的不定式有哪几种形式。并注意常用的不定式有哪几种形式。1.He seemed to be sleeping(sleep).2.There are all kinds of difficulties to be overcome(overcome).动词不定式动词不定式(the infinitive)At定语定语 P表语表语3.Id like to make(make)a suggestion.4.It is of great
3、 benefit for all of us to do(do)morning exercise every day.5.He feels it a duty to help(help)the disabled.O真正宾语真正宾语 O宾语宾语S真正主语真正主语6.I often hear her sing(sing)in English.(比较：比较：She is often heard to sing(sing)in English.)7.Mary often goes back to her hometown to visit(visit)her grandparents.Ad状语状语 O
4、C宾补宾补SC主补主补8.Im so glad to see(see)you here.9.Jack was too busy to have(have)his hair cut.Ad状语状语 Ad状语状语归纳总结归纳总结1.动词不定式动词不定式属于非谓语动词属于非谓语动词,在句子中可以充在句子中可以充当除谓语外的其他各个句子成分；当除谓语外的其他各个句子成分；2.动词不定式通常有以下几种形式动词不定式通常有以下几种形式(以以do为例为例)：主动式主动式被动式被动式一般式一般式to do _完成式完成式 _to have been done进行式进行式 _to be doingto be do
5、neto have done充当句子成分充当句子成分表语表语状语状语定语定语宾补宾补逻逻 辑辑 主主 语语句子的主语句子的主语所修饰的词所修饰的词宾语宾语非谓语动词的逻辑主语非谓语动词的逻辑主语(意思上的主语意思上的主语)3.在在should like，would like，expect,want,refuse，decide，pretend，promise，decide,offer等后不能用动名词作宾语，只能用不定等后不能用动名词作宾语，只能用不定式作宾语。式作宾语。4.在在make,let,have等使役动词或者等使役动词或者hear,see,watch等感观动词后作宾补的不定式常等感观动词
6、后作宾补的不定式常省略省略to;但在但在这些词的被动式后作主补这些词的被动式后作主补时时,要要加上加上to。5.如果动词不定式的如果动词不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语为这个不定为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式一般用不定式一般用被动语态形式。被动语态形式。6.在形容词后作状语只能用不定式在形容词后作状语只能用不定式,且用主且用主动形式表示被动含义。如：动形式表示被动含义。如：This text is easy to understand.7.不定式不定式做做定语定语时的几种用法：时的几种用法：表将来。表将来。The building to be built next
7、month will be our library.序数词序数词或或最高级最高级等后常用等后常用不定式不定式作定语。作定语。She was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize.Mary is the best person to do the job.常用来修饰常用来修饰chance，idea，ability，way，reason，time，fact，key，ambition等抽象名词。等抽象名词。Last year I had a chance to go abroad for further study.动词不定式做主语和宾语时通常放在句动词不定式
8、做主语和宾语时通常放在句子的后面子的后面,用用it作作形式主语形式主语或或形式宾语形式宾语。熟读深思熟读深思熟读以下各句熟读以下各句,注意划线部分及其作用：注意划线部分及其作用：动词动词-ing形形 式式1.Learning(learn)is important to modern life.2.The problem is quite puzzling(puzzle).3.I suggest doing(do)it in a different way.S主语主语P表语表语O宾语宾语4.The TV set needs repairing(repair).5.I heard of his h
9、aving been chosen(choose)to be coach of the team.6.The question being discussed(discuss)now is very important.O宾语宾语O宾语宾语At定语定语7.They went out of the classroom,talking(talk)and laughing(laugh).8.Having been shown(show)around the lab,we were taken to see the school library.Ad状语状语Ad状语状语9.I felt my hear
10、t beating(beat)violently.10.His not coming(come)made everyone present very disappointed.OC宾补宾补S主语主语动词动词-ing形式有以下特征：形式有以下特征：1.具有动词的特征具有动词的特征,有时态和语态的变化有时态和语态的变化,并可带状语、宾语等。当动词并可带状语、宾语等。当动词-ing与其与其逻辑主语有动宾关系时逻辑主语有动宾关系时,用用 _语态语态(如如5,6和和8)。归纳总结归纳总结被动被动 2.动词动词-ing形式的构成形式的构成(以以do为例为例)：主动主动被动被动发生的时间发生的时间一般一般式
11、式doingbeing done 与谓语同时发与谓语同时发生生完成完成式式having donehaving been done发生在谓语之发生在谓语之前前3.动词动词-ing形式具有动词的特征形式具有动词的特征,同时同时又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,因因此此,它在句中可以作主语、它在句中可以作主语、_语、语、_语、语、_ 语、语、_ 语和状语。语和状语。4.否定形式：否定形式：not+v-ing形式。形式。宾语补足宾语补足表表宾宾定定5.在在suggest,keep,allow,finish,enjoy,mind,practice,avoid,admit,ad
12、vise,consider，imagine,appreciate,escape等后只能接动词等后只能接动词-ing形式，不能用不定式作宾语形式，不能用不定式作宾语;在在forget,remember,regret,mean,try等动等动词后既可接动词词后既可接动词-ing形式形式,也可接不定式也可接不定式,但但意义差别较大。如：意义差别较大。如：I forgot seeing(see)her.(以前见过以前见过)I forgot to post(post)the letter.(信没寄信没寄)6.在表示在表示“需要需要”的的need,want和和require等后用动词等后用动词-ing形式
13、的形式的主动主动形式表示被动意义形式表示被动意义,也可用也可用不定式不定式的被动式的被动式。如：。如：The old car needs (repair).The old car needs .repairingto be repaired熟读深思熟读深思熟读下列各句熟读下列各句,体会动词过去分词的用法。体会动词过去分词的用法。1.Hearing the news,he looked disappointed(disappoint).2.The boss felt satisfied(satisfy)with her performance.动词过去分词动词过去分词(V-ed形式形式)P表语表
14、语P表语表语3.All the broken(break)desks(=All the desks that were broken)have been repaired.4.We have read many novels written(write)by this author.At定语定语At定语定语5.Confused(confuse)by the problem,he decided to turn to his teacher for help.6.Seen(see)from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest.Ad状语状语Ad状语
15、状语7.I heard the song sung(sing)in English.8.Peter got his bad tooth pulled(pull)out in the hospital.OC宾补宾补OC宾补宾补归纳总结归纳总结1.动词过去分词一般动词过去分词一般表示被动或完成表示被动或完成,在句中可在句中可作作表语、定语、状语、补语表语、定语、状语、补语等。等。2.所谓表示被动所谓表示被动,就是过去分词与其逻辑主语有就是过去分词与其逻辑主语有被动关系被动关系,判断判断逻辑主语逻辑主语的方法与其他非谓语动的方法与其他非谓语动词的逻辑主语相同词的逻辑主语相同,请看下表：请看下表：充当
16、句子成分充当句子成分 表语表语状语状语定语定语宾补宾补逻逻 辑辑 主主 语语句子的主语句子的主语所修饰的词所修饰的词 宾语宾语3.单个的动词过去分词作定语一般放在单个的动词过去分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词的前面所修饰的名词的前面,动词过去分词短动词过去分词短语作定语语作定语,则要放在所修饰的名词的后则要放在所修饰的名词的后面。动词过去分词作定语相当于一个定面。动词过去分词作定语相当于一个定语从句。语从句。4.表示情感的动词表示情感的动词,其其-ed形式和形式和-ing形形式均可作定语或表语式均可作定语或表语(相当于形容词相当于形容词),动动词词-ed形式形式表示表示“感到感到的的(人或人的人
17、或人的音容笑貌音容笑貌)”,动词动词-ing形式形式表示表示“令令人人的的(事物事物)”。如。如,surprised感到惊感到惊讶的讶的,surprising令人惊讶的。令人惊讶的。5.作状语时作状语时,可表时间、原因、让可表时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件、伴随等步、结果、方式、条件、伴随等,一般可改为一个状语从句一般可改为一个状语从句;但表示但表示伴随时一般不可以改为状语从句伴随时一般不可以改为状语从句,却可改为并列谓语。却可改为并列谓语。非谓语动词是高考语法填空的必考点。非谓语动词是高考语法填空的必考点。解答此类试题解答此类试题首先要通过句子的结构分析确首先要通过句子的结构分析确定是不
18、是非谓语动词定是不是非谓语动词,然后就要根据非谓语然后就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如：动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式。如：1.作主语或宾语作主语或宾语,就用就用动词动词-ing形式形式(一一般般)或或不定式形式不定式形式(具体具体)；非谓语动词与广东高考非谓语动词与广东高考2.作目的状语或在形容词后作状语作目的状语或在形容词后作状语,用动用动词不定式词不定式；3.作伴随状语或作定语作伴随状语或作定语,要根据与逻辑主要根据与逻辑主语的关系语的关系,用动词用动词-ing形式或过去分词形式或过去分词；4.有时也要根据句式搭配来确定有时也要根据句式搭配来确定,如如see/hear/n
19、otice sb.do/doing sth.,spend.doing sth.等。等。请根据以上技巧请根据以上技巧,完成以下与非谓语动词相完成以下与非谓语动词相关的历年高考试题。关的历年高考试题。1.“In the beginning,there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world,but everyone added a little,always _(think)that it was only small and not very important,and look where we have ended up
20、 today.”(2013)thinking2.He suddenly appeared in class one day,_(wear)sun glasses.(2012)3.For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt _(please),because there were many empty seats in the room.(2012)4.I got on the bus and found a seat near the back,and then I noticed a man _(sit)at the front.(2011)we
21、aringpleasedsitting5.He spit it out,_(say)it was awful.(2010)6.She wished that he was as easy_(please)as her mother,who was always delighted with perfume.(2009)7.For example,the proverb,“plucking up a crop _(help)it grow”,is based on the following story.(2008)sayingto please to help8.Finally,I accep
22、ted the offer of an old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house.While she was getting me _(settle)into a tiny but clean room,the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to a small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage.(2007)9.Lessons _(learn)in sports
23、can help us in our dealing with other people.(2007样题样题)settled learned灵活运用灵活运用1.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier _(break)into small pieces.在在easy，difficult，hard，comfortable等形容等形容词后习惯上接不定式作状语（注意词后习惯上接不定式作状语（注意:这类不这类不定式通常要用主动式表示被动意义）定式通常要用主动式表示被动意义）;句意句意为：汤姆糖果制造商能否把巧克
24、力做得更容为：汤姆糖果制造商能否把巧克力做得更容易扳成小块。易扳成小块。to break2.Its important for the figures _ _(update)regularly.根据根据for引出的逻辑主语引出的逻辑主语the figures与与update存在着被动关系可知选不定式的存在着被动关系可知选不定式的被动式。句意为：经常更新这些数据很被动式。句意为：经常更新这些数据很重要。重要。to beupdated3.Today we have chat rooms,text messaging,emailing.but we seem _ _(lose)the art of
25、communicating face-to-face.动词动词seem后习惯上接不定式后习惯上接不定式;又因为空又因为空格后的格后的the art of communicating face-to-face是用作动词是用作动词lose的宾语。的宾语。to belosing4.Simon made a big bamboo box _ _(keep)the little sick bird till it could fly.这句中的这句中的make表示表示“做做;制造制造”,其后其后的不定式为目的状语。句意为的不定式为目的状语。句意为:西蒙做西蒙做了一个大竹盒子来养这只有病的小鸟了一个大竹盒子
26、来养这只有病的小鸟,等它能飞的时候再放走它。等它能飞的时候再放走它。tokeep5.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _(discover).动词动词wait后习惯上接不定式后习惯上接不定式;另外另外,actors与与discover之间为被动关系之间为被动关系,即即“等着被发现等着被发现”,故选不定式的被动故选不定式的被动式。式。to be discovered6.We were astonished _(find)the temple still in its original condition.在在be ast
27、onished后要接不定式表示原因。后要接不定式表示原因。7.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank _(buy)presents for my dad.“给父亲买礼物给父亲买礼物”是是“从银行拿钱出来从银行拿钱出来”的目的的目的,作目的状语作目的状语,用动词不定式。用动词不定式。to findto buy8.His first book _(publish)next month is based on a true story.根据句中的根据句中的next month可知是将出版可知
28、是将出版,故要用不定故要用不定式式;又因为又因为book与与publish之间为被动关系之间为被动关系,故要用故要用不定式的被动式。不定式的被动式。9.Lydia doesnt feel like _(study)abroad.Her parents are old.因为因为feel like中的中的like是介词。根据英语语法，介是介词。根据英语语法，介词后接动词一般要用动词词后接动词一般要用动词-ing形式。形式。to be publishedstudying10._(gather)around the fire,the tourists danced with the local peo
29、ple.动词动词-ing短语短语gathering around the fire在句中用作伴随状语在句中用作伴随状语,表示与谓语动作表示与谓语动作danced同时发生的动作。同时发生的动作。Gathering11.Sarah pretended to be cheerful,_(say)nothing about the argument.动词动词-ing短语短语saying nothing about.为伴随状语为伴随状语,句意为句意为:莎拉假装开心莎拉假装开心,对那次争论什么也没说。对那次争论什么也没说。12.Recently a survey _(compare)prices of t
30、he same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.动词动词-ing短语作定语修饰前面的主语短语作定语修饰前面的主语survey。sayingcomparing13.The next thing he saw was smoke _(rise)from behind the house.动词动词-ing短语短语rising from behind.在此用作定语在此用作定语,修修饰名词饰名词smoke。14.More highways have been built in Chin
31、a,_(make)it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.动词动词-ing短语短语making it much easier.在句中用作结在句中用作结果状语果状语,表示表示More highways have been built in China的结果。的结果。risingmaking15.At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam.Then I changed my mind,_(realize)that he could do nothing t
32、o help.动词动词-ing短语短语realizing that.用作状语用作状语,表原因。表原因。realizing16.Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures,some _(have)a life span of around 20 years.因为因为some having a life span of around 20 years为为独立主格结构独立主格结构名词或代名词或代词词+非谓语动词形式非谓语动词形式having17.I had great difficulty _(find)the suitable food on the me
33、nu in that restaurant.因因have difficulty(in)doing sth.为固定句式为固定句式,其意其意为为“做某事有困难做某事有困难”。18._(approach)the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.因因we与与approach是主动关系是主动关系,所以用动词所以用动词-ing短语短语作状语。作状语。findingApproaching19._(look)at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in th
34、eir eyes.因因I与与look是主动关系，所以用动词是主动关系，所以用动词-ing作状语。作状语。20.Listen!Do you hear someone _(call)for help？由由listen可知，动作正在进行，表示可知，动作正在进行，表示“听见某人听见某人在做某事在做某事”，用，用hear sb.doing sth.句型。句型。Lookingcalling21.It rained heavily in the south,_(cause)serious flooding in several provinces.“引起严重水灾引起严重水灾”是是“下大雨下大雨”的自然的自然
35、结果结果,作结果状语作结果状语,用动词用动词-ing短语作状短语作状语。语。causing.与与which caused.相当。相当。causing22.The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _(weigh)less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.因因young children与与weigh是主动关系是主动关系,故用故用动词动词-ing作定语。句中介词短语作定语。句中介词短语under.和和动词动词-ing短语短语weighing.一起作定语一
36、起作定语,修饰修饰young children。weighing23.He had a wonderful childhood,_(travel)with his mother to all corners of the world.因因he与与travel是主动关系是主动关系,故用动词故用动词-ing短语短语traveling with his mother.作作状语状语,表示原因。表示原因。traveling24.A pick-up truck passed us on the road,and a few minutes later,I saw it _(pull)back and th
37、e driver looking directly at us.因因it与与pull是主动关系是主动关系,用动词用动词-ing短语短语作宾补作宾补,即即see sb./sth.doing sth.句型。句型。pulling25._(walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old.因因a good form暗示泛指一般性行为暗示泛指一般性行为,用动词用动词-ing作作主语。主语。26.I cant stand _(work)with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _(stop)tal
38、king while she works.因为因为cant stand(不能忍受不能忍受)后习惯上要接动词的后习惯上要接动词的-ing形式形式;又因又因refuse后要求接带后要求接带to的不定式。的不定式。Walkingworkingto stop27.As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _(repair).在表示在表示“需要需要”的的need后要接动词后要接动词-ing形式的主形式的主动形式动形式,或用不定式的被动式。或用不定式的被动式。28.Isnt it time y
39、ou got down to _(mark)the papers？因为因为get down to中的中的to是介词是介词,后面应接动词后面应接动词-ing形式作宾语。形式作宾语。repairing/to be repairedmarking29.Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _(set)up some schools for poor children.因因devote.to.中中to是介词是介词,接动词接动词-ing形式形式;all是是devote的宾语的宾语,he had是省略了关系代是省略了关系代词词that的定语从句的
40、定语从句,修饰修饰all。setting30.Tsinghua University,_(found)in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.由于由于Tsinghua University(清华大学清华大学)与与found(成立成立)之间为被动关系之间为被动关系,即清华大即清华大学被成立于学被成立于1911年年,故用过去分词。故用过去分词。founded31.The island,_(join)to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.根据句意可知根据句意可知,“岛屿岛屿”
41、与与“大陆大陆”是是被一座桥连接起来被一座桥连接起来(注意句中的介词注意句中的介词by),故用过去分词表被动。故用过去分词表被动。joined32.Li Jian put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _(remind)of his own dreams.该考点涉及的搭配是该考点涉及的搭配是remind sb.of sth.(提醒某人记住或想起某事提醒某人记住或想起某事),显然空格前显然空格前的的himself与动词与动词remind之间存在着被动之间存在着被动关系关系,故选过去分词。故选过去分词。reminde
42、d33._(offer)an important role in a new movie,Andy has got a chance to become famous.由于句子主语由于句子主语Andy与动词与动词offer之间为之间为被动关系被动关系(即即Andy被人提供了某物被人提供了某物),故故用过去分词。用过去分词。Offered34.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _(lose)for words.由于由于lose是及物动词是及物动词,其后本应有宾语其后本应有宾语,但句但句中的空格后没有出现宾语中的空格后没有出现宾语,这说
43、明这说明lose要用过要用过去分词；本句意：即使最优秀的作家有时也去分词；本句意：即使最优秀的作家有时也会发现他们找不到合适的文字来表达自己的会发现他们找不到合适的文字来表达自己的意思。意思。lost35.Claire had her luggage _(check)an hour before her plane left.考查考查“have+名词名词+非谓语动词非谓语动词”结构。由于结构。由于her luggage（她的行李）与（她的行李）与check（检查）（检查）之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。句意为：在飞机出发前在飞机出发前1小时克莱尔携带的行李接
44、受小时克莱尔携带的行李接受了检查。了检查。checked36.Im calling to enquire about the position _(advertise)in yesterdays China Daily.由于由于position(职位职位)与与 advertise(登广告登广告)之间为被动关系之间为被动关系,且广告昨天已经刊发且广告昨天已经刊发了了,故用动词过去分词作定语。故用动词过去分词作定语。advertised37.So far nobody has claimed the money _(discover)in the library.由于由于money与与discov
45、er之间为被动关系之间为被动关系,由句意可由句意可知知,钱钱“已经已经”被发现被发现,故用动词过去分词作定语。故用动词过去分词作定语。38.Alexander tried to get his work _(recognize)in the medical circles.因因“宾语宾语(his work)”与其后的与其后的recognize(承认承认)是被是被动关系动关系,故用动词过去分词作宾补。故用动词过去分词作宾补。recognizeddiscovered39.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _(borrow)from the li
46、brary.因因maps与与borrow之间为被动关系之间为被动关系;再根据句意再根据句意,地地图是图是“已经已经”借来了借来了,所以用过去分词作定语。所以用过去分词作定语。40.Though _(surprise)to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome.因因the professor与与surprise(使惊奇使惊奇)是被动关系是被动关系,故故用用“连词连词+动词过去分词动词过去分词”作状语。作状语。borrowedsurprised41._(see)from the top of the tower,the south foot of
47、the mountain is a sea of trees.由于由于the south foot与与see之间为被动关系，故用动之间为被动关系，故用动词过去分词作状语。词过去分词作状语。42.The living room is clean and tidy,with a dining table already _(lay)for a meal to be cooked.短语短语lay a table的意思是的意思是“摆桌子摆桌子”,因句中的因句中的table与动词与动词lay(摆放摆放)之间为被动关系之间为被动关系,所以用动词所以用动词过去分词作定语。过去分词作定语。Seenlaid43
48、.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _(carry)out regularly,can improve our health.由于由于exercise(锻炼锻炼)与与carry out(进行进行,执行执行)之间为被动关系之间为被动关系,故用故用“连词连词+动词过去分词动词过去分词”作状语作状语,if carried out regularly相当于相当于if it is carried out regularly。carried44.A great number of students _(question)said
49、 they were forced to practise the piano.由于由于students与与question(提问提问,询问询问)之之间为被动关系间为被动关系,故用动词过去分词作定故用动词过去分词作定语。语。questioned45.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _(amuse)with her stories.意思是意思是Lucy让她的同事让她的同事“感到愉快感到愉快”,表示人表示人“感到愉快感到愉快”,用过去分词作宾补用过去分词作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补相当于形容词作宾补),故
50、填故填amused。amused46.Almost _(freeze),the old man could not get off the ground.因句子主语因句子主语the old man与与freeze(冻僵冻僵)是被动关系是被动关系,故用动词过去分词作原因状语。故用动词过去分词作原因状语。47.Please remain _(seat);the winner of the prize will be announced soon.因因seat的用法是的用法是seat sb.或或be seated,而而remain=continue to be,故填故填seated,作表语。作表语。
