1、the Adverbial 状语状语句子句子+引导词作状语。引导词作状语。修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。Revision ofthe Adverbial Clauses状语从句状语从句九种状从九种状从 时间状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句 1.While I was walking along the
2、 street,I found many beatiful buildings ()2.Where there is a will,there is a way.()3.Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.（）4.Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.()5.So clever was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.()时间时间地点地点 原因原因目的目的结果结果想一想，作出判断
3、？想一想，作出判断？6.As long as you dont lose heart,youll succeed.()7.Try as he might,he could not find a job.()8.The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son.()9.He is taller than I am.()条件条件让步让步方式方式比较比较时间状语从句时间状语从句连接词连接词when的用法小结的用法小结1.when可用来引导时间状语从句，意为可用来引导时间状语从句，意为“当当的时候的时候”从句的从句的谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以
4、是短暂的。谓语动词可以是延续的，也可以是短暂的。如：如：When the film ended,they went back.When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.2.When 常用于下列句式：常用于下列句式：意为意为“就在那时就在那时”。如：。如：was doing somethingwhen was about to dowhen was on the point of doing sth.when had donewhen3.when可以表可以表“既然既然”，如：，如：How can I help them
5、to understand when they wont listen to me?注意同一个从属连词的多义性：注意同一个从属连词的多义性：1.while可用来引导时间状语，意为可用来引导时间状语，意为“当当的时候的时候”；引导的动作必须是持续性的，如：引导的动作必须是持续性的，如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2.while作为并列连词，意为作为并列连词，意为“而，却而，却”，表示对比。，表示对比。Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was dressed in blue.3.whil
6、e也可用来引导让步状语，意为也可用来引导让步状语，意为“尽管，虽然尽管，虽然”；可表示尽管，相当于可表示尽管，相当于although While I admit that the problems are difficult,I dont agree that they cant be solved.4 趁趁的情况赶紧做的情况赶紧做,否则来不及了否则来不及了 Strike while the iron is hot.连接词连接词while的用法小结的用法小结 1.as可用来引导时间状语，意为可用来引导时间状语，意为“一边一边一边一边”；随着；随着如：如：She sang as she walk
7、ed home all the way.(一边一边一边）一边）She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.As she grew older,she became more beautiful.（随着）（随着）As the day went on,the weather got worse.2.as也可用来引导原因状语从句意为也可用来引导原因状语从句意为“因为因为”；如：如：As she is free today,she would like to do some shopping.（因为）（因为）3.as还可用来
8、引导让步状语从句（通常用倒装结构）意为还可用来引导让步状语从句（通常用倒装结构）意为“尽管尽管”。如：如：Tired as he was,he refused to take a rest.（尽管）（尽管）Hard as he worked,he cant work out the problem.Child as he is,he knows a lot.连接词连接词as的用法小结的用法小结 连接词连接词when,while,as的用法区别：的用法区别：when,while,as这三个连词都可表示这三个连词都可表示“当当的时候的时候”，使用时应，使用时应注意：注意：1)when可表示一个时间
9、点，也可表示一个时间段。如：可表示一个时间点，也可表示一个时间段。如：When he came in,we were having supper.When we were having supper,the light suddenly went out.2)while则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态则只表示一个时间段。它所引导的时间状语从句中的时态常用进行时态。如：常用进行时态。如：When/While he was eating his breakfast,he heard the doorbell ring.While he was watching TV,the bo
10、y fell asleep.3)as则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行则强调主句和从句的动作在同一时间进行;也可表示也可表示“随随着着”，。She sang as she walked along.As the election approached,the violence（暴行）got worse.时间状语从句时间状语从句问题问题1:1.(04北京春)We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.(02上海)He was about to tell me
11、 the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A.as B.until C.whileD.when3.(05上海)He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.where B.when C.thatD.until4.(05福建)Did Jack come back early last night?Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.A.Before B.when C.t
12、hat D.until5.(06辽宁)He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.whileA AD DB BB BC C原因原因小结：小结：1一些词，如一些词，如the moment,the minute,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan等也可引导时等也可引导时 间状语从句，相当于间状语从句，相当于as soon as
13、的意思。的意思。I came immediately you called me up.2一些含有一些含有time的名词短语，如的名词短语，如the first/second/last time,every time,each time,next time,by the time等，等，也可引导时间状语从句。也可引导时间状语从句。The first time I drove the car,I felt very nervous.Next time you come,please bring your composition.3.如果如果hardly或或no sooner或或scarcely置
14、于句首，句子必置于句首，句子必 须倒装。须倒装。Hardly/scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.问题问题3:1.(01北京春北京春)Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.A.whileB.the moment C.suddenlyD.although2.(1998上海上海)I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A.first time B.for the fi
15、rst time C.the first timeD.by the first time3._ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.A.He hardly had B.Had he hardly C.Hardly had heD.Hardly he had B BC CC C小结：小结：till,until和和notuntil：1.until/till从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词 是延续性动作，意为是延续性动作，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停某动作一直延续到某时
16、间点才停 止止”。如：。如：We waited until/till he came.2用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为用于否定句时，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，意为“直到直到才才”。如：。如：He wont go to bed until her father returns.3till不可以置于句首，而不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：可以。如：Until you told me I had no idea of it.4notuntil句型中的强调和倒装说法：句型中的强调和倒装说法：It was not until you told me that I had any
17、idea of it.（强调）（强调）Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.（倒装）（倒装）问题问题4:1.(03北京春北京春)Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes.He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade.A.after B.unless C.until D.when2.(03上海上海)A good storyteller must be abl
18、e to hold listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story.A.when B.unless C.after D.until3.It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A.when;that B.until;that C.until;when D.when;thenC CD DB B小结小结:before和和since(1)若表达若表达“还未还未就就”“不到不到就就”“才才”“趁，还没来得及趁，还没来得及
19、”时，需时，需用连词用连词before。He had put the broken vase away before his mother came back.他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。他趁妈妈还没回来就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。(2)It will be时间段时间段before sb.do(does)“多久之多久之后才后才”。例如：。例如：It will be 3 days before our manager signs the agreement.要过要过3天后经理才签那份协议。天后经理才签那份协议。(3)since从句的谓语动词从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词一般是非延续性动
20、词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是表示反复发生的动作。的动作。since从句从句的时态通常是的时态通常是一般过去时一般过去时，主主句句中的时态则通常是中的时态则通常是现在完成时或现在完成进行现在完成时或现在完成进行时。时。He has written to me frequently since I got sick.自从我病了以后，他经常给我写信。自从我病了以后，他经常给我写信。(4)在在It is时间段时间段since从句句型中，时间的计算从句句型中，时间的计算一律从一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。I
21、t is half a year since she was in our class.她离开我们班有半年了。她离开我们班有半年了。It is three years since he smoked.他戒烟有三年了。他戒烟有三年了。问题问题5:1.(03年北京年北京)He made a mistake,but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.A.until B.when C.beforeD.as2.(04福建福建)Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible
22、to test this medicine on human patients.A.since B.after C.before D.when3.(06四川四川)Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?He rushed out of the room_I could say a word.A.before B.untilC.whenD.after4.(05北京春北京春)It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.A.before B.since C.after D.because C C
23、C CA AB B地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句只有两个连词地点状语从句只有两个连词:Where，whereverWhere-在在地方，地方，Wherever-无论哪里无论哪里1.Put the medicine where you can easily get it.2.Where there is a will,there is a way.3.He follows her wherever she goes.4.Wherever you are,I will be right there waiting for you.1.After the war，a n
24、ew school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when2.-Dont look down upon Bob.He has his own advantages.-Oh,yes._ others are weak,he is strong.A.If B.When C.Where D.Though3.-The thread of my kite broke and it flew away.-I had told you it would easily break _it wa
25、s the weakest A.when B.where C.unless D.since注意区分注意区分where引导的地点状语从引导的地点状语从句与定语从句句与定语从句 She would like to live where it often rains in spring.She would like to live in the place where/in which it often rains in spring.原因状语从句原因状语从句熟熟 读读 深深 思思3.原因状语从句用适当的连词填空(1)Its because he likes dancing that he says
26、 dancing is very easy.(2)The day has broken,for the birds are singing now.(3)Since you cant answer the question,Ill ask someone else.(4)As its dark,wed better go off work now.(5)Now_that you feel sick,you can have a rest in bed.(6)Why do you want to find a new job when you have a good job already?(7
27、)His request is unreasonable in that he knows we cant afford it.归归 纳纳 总总 结结 原因状语从句的常见连词：because,for,since,as,now that,when等。规则规则1：because 表示直接的、必然的原因，不能与so连用。常用来回答why所提的问题。在强调句型中，若强调原因，只能用because，即It is because that，如：(1)；而for表示推理性的补充说明的原因，不能放在句首，如：(2)。规则规则2：since 表示众所周知的原因，“既然”，常放在句首，如：(3)。归归 纳纳 总总
28、 结结规则规则3：as 表示客观原因，“由于”，常放在句首，如：(4)。规则规则4：now that 通常表示用新出现的情况作为原因，“既然”，如：(5)。规则规则5：when意为“既然”(有轻微的责备口吻)，如：(6)。规则规则6：in that从句，意为“原因是；因为”，如：(7)。原因状语从句原因状语从句 1)because表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。它的语表示某件事情发生的直接原因或理由。它的语气很强，因而常用来回答气很强，因而常用来回答why的提问。在这几个连词中，的提问。在这几个连词中，它表示原因的语气最强。如：它表示原因的语气最强。如：He didnt come to sc
29、hool yesterday because he was ill.2)since=now that常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说常表示对方已经知道的既成事实，说话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比话人根据这个事实得出某一种结论。其语气比because要要弱，一般译成弱，一般译成“既然既然”。如：。如：Since you are here,why not stay for a few more days?3)as常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放常用于表示十分明显的原因，说明因果关系，重点放在主句上，语气较弱，常译成在主句上，语气较弱，常译成“由于由于”。如：。如：As it
30、s getting darker,we must go home now.4)for只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理只是一个并列连词，用于连接两个并列句，表示推理或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：或解释，对前一个分句进行附加说明。如：It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet_ you have seen both fighters,_ will win?A Since;do you think who B As;who you think C When;whoever D Since;who do you thi
31、nkD She must have wept,_ there are tear trails onher cheeks.A because B for C since D asBThe day must be breaking,_ the birds have begun singing.A.because B.as C.for D.sinceC条件状语从句条件状语从句熟熟 读读 深深 思思2.条件状语从句条件状语从句完成句子(1)They will_play_basketball after school if they finish their work.如果他们完成了作业，放学后就打篮球
32、。(2)I will_not_attend the meeting unless I am invited.我不会去参加会议，除非得到邀请。条件状语从句常用连词有：条件状语从句常用连词有：if/unless/once/as long as/so long as/on condition that/provided/providing that/suppose/supposing that/say that/lets say that等。等。规则规则1：条件状语从句中，若主句用将来时，从句条件状语从句中，若主句用将来时，从句则用一般现在时，如：则用一般现在时，如：(1)。规则规则2：unless
33、 if not,意思是意思是“如果不如果不/没没有有”，如：，如：(2)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结 if If you work harder,you will succeed.Work harder,and you will succeed.Work harder,or you wont succeed.Working harder,you will succeed.unless Unless he comes,we wont be able to go.If he doesnt come,we wont be able to go.:if.not 除非除非*as/so long as(只要只
34、要)You may borrow the book as long as you keep it clean.*in case(万一）万一）Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.*on condition that（条件是）（条件是）Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it tidy.条件状语从句条件状语从句问题问题1：1、It is known to all that _ you exercise regularly,you wont keep good hea
35、lth.（05重庆卷）A.unless B.whenever C.although D.if 2.You will be late _ you leave immediately.A.unless B.until C.if D.or3.The little boy wont go to sleep his mother tells him a story.（2010全国）A.or B.unless C.but D.whetherA AA AB B unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。这也是高考的热点之一。问题问题2：1、_ I can see,there is on
36、ly one possible way to keep away from the danger.（04北京春季）北京春季）A.Because B.As far as D.Even if 2、I always take something to read when I go to the doctors _ I have to wait.（05全国卷全国卷3）Ain case Bso that Cin orderDas if B BA A as long as 与 as far as 都可引导条件状语从句，as long as 表示“只要”，as far as 表示“就而言”。题1根据题意应该
37、选用B。in case 表示“以防”。目的状语从句目的状语从句熟熟 读读 深深 思思5.目的状语从句用适当的连词填空(1)We got up early in_order_that(为了)we could catch the first bus.(2)We got up early for_fear_that/lest/in_case_that(以免)we should miss the first bus.归归 纳纳 总总 结结 目的状语从句常见的连词有：目的状语从句常见的连词有：(1)in order that/so that 意为意为“为了为了”；(2)in case that/for
38、fear that/lest 意为意为“以免；以防以免；以防”等。等。规则规则1：so that/in order that 从句从句(从句用从句用can/could/may/might 动词原形动词原形)，如：，如：(1)。规则规则2：for fear that/in case that 从句，意为从句，意为“以防，万一以防，万一”，从句可以用虚拟语气，即，从句可以用虚拟语气，即“should 动词原形动词原形”，如：，如：(2)。结果状语从句结果状语从句熟熟 读读 深深 思思4.结果状语从句 完成句子(1)The house is so_expensive_that(如此昂贵)I cant
39、 afford it.(2)This is so_interesting_a_book(如此有趣的一本书)that we all want to read it.(3)There are so_many_new_words(如此多的生词)in the passage that I cant understand it.(4)He is such_a_clever_boy(如此聪明的男孩)that we all like him.归归 纳纳 总总 结结规 则：结 果 状 语 从 句 常 见 连 词：sothat/suchthat 意为“如此以至于”。主要有下面的几个句型：so adj./adv.
40、that如：(1)。so adj.a/an n.that如：(2)。so many/few/much/littlen.(可数名词复数或不可数名词)that如：(3)。such a/an adj.n.that如：(4)。such adj.n.(不可数名词或可数名词复数)that让步状语从句让步状语从句熟熟 读读 深深 思思7.让步状语从句用适当的让步状语从句连词填空(1)Although he is rich,he never wastes a coin.(2)Rich man as he is,he works hard.(3)Hard as he worked,he failed.(4)Tr
41、y as he might,Tom could not get out of the difficulty.(5)Even_if it snows tomorrow,we shall still go on business.(6)No_matter_who(Whoever)breaks the rule,he will be punished.(7)Whether you go or not tomorrow,we will go outing.归归 纳纳 总总 结结规则规则1：although/though/while 意为“虽然；尽管”，如：(1)。规则规则2：表语(形容词/名词)as/
42、though 主语 系动词主句，句首名词前不加任何冠词，如：(2)。副词 as/though主语谓语动词主句，如：(3)。动词原形 as/though 主语 might/may 主句，如：(4)。归归 纳纳 总总 结结规则规则3：even if/even though意为“即使，纵然”。even if侧重于假设；even though侧重于事实，如：(5)。规则规则4：No matter how/what/where/who；特殊疑问词ever 意为“无论怎么/什么/哪里/谁”，如：(6)。规则规则5：whetheror“无论是否”，如：(7)。三、让步状语从句三、让步状语从句1though，
43、although，even if，even though都有都有“虽然，即使，尽管虽然，即使，尽管”的意思，的意思，even if，even though语气较强，语气较强，though和和although语气较弱。语气较弱。though不如不如although正式；正式；though可用于假设，可用于假设，although用于用于陈述陈述“事实事实”。I had a good time although/though/even if/even though I didnt know anybody at the party.尽管在聚会上我谁也不认识，但我还是玩得很高尽管在聚会上我谁也不认识，
44、但我还是玩得很高兴。兴。注意：注意：(1)though，although等不与等不与but连用，但可连用，但可在主句前加在主句前加yet，still。(2)though从句中形容词、名词等为表语时，为加从句中形容词、名词等为表语时，为加强语气可置于强语气可置于though前。前。2while也可引导让步状语从句，突出对比主句也可引导让步状语从句，突出对比主句和从句所表示的两种情况。和从句所表示的两种情况。While he is young，he is experienced.他虽然年轻，却有经验。他虽然年轻，却有经验。3whether.or(not)可引导让步状语从句，提供可引导让步状语从句，
45、提供两个对比的情况，意为两个对比的情况，意为“不管不管”。Whether it rains or not，I shall go out tomorrow.不管下不下雨，明天我都要出去。不管下不下雨，明天我都要出去。4whatever，whenever，wherever，whoever，whichever，however也可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于相当于no matter what(when，where，who，which，how)，意思为：无论什么，无论何时，意思为：无论什么，无论何时，无论何处，无论是谁，无论哪一个，无论如何。无论何处，无论是谁，无论哪一个，无论如何
46、。however引导让步状语从句时与它所修饰的词放引导让步状语从句时与它所修饰的词放在从句的句首。在从句的句首。Whatever happens，we shall never lose heart.(No matter what happens，we shall never lose heart.)无论发生什么，我们都不会失去信心。无论发生什么，我们都不会失去信心。Patient as he was，he was unwilling to wait three hours.他虽有耐心，但也不愿等三个小时。他虽有耐心，但也不愿等三个小时。Hard as she tried，she failed
47、to pass the exam.尽管她努力了，但还是没有通过考试。尽管她努力了，但还是没有通过考试。Fail as he did，he would never give up.尽管失败了，他也决不会放弃。尽管失败了，他也决不会放弃。让步状语从句让步状语从句问题问题1：1、_ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.（04江苏）A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless2、Allow children the space to voice their opinions,_they are
48、 different from your own.(05湖南卷）A.untilB.even ifC.unless D.as though A AB B while 是高考中的高频词，它既可引导时间状语从句，又可引导并列句，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”。as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。允许孩子有发言的空间，尽管他们的意见和你自己的有所允许孩子有发言的空间，尽管他们的意见和你自己的有所不同。不同。问题问题2：1、He tried his best to solve the probl
49、em,_ difficult it was.（05天津卷）A.however B.no matter C.whatever D although 2、The old tower must be saved,_the cost.（05浙江）Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwherever 3.English and French are taught here.You can choose _ you like.A.no matter which B.whichever D.whateverA AB Bno matter wh-与与 wh-ever 的联系及区别：的
50、联系及区别：no matter wh-只引导让步状语从句，此时与 wh-ever通用。No matter when/Whenever he comes back,he should be invited to the party.wh-ever又可引导名词性从句，No matter wh-不能。如：Whoever can help us will be welcome.无论什么样的代价，这座古塔一定要拯救。无论什么样的代价，这座古塔一定要拯救。方式方式熟熟 读读 深深 思思8.方式状语从句方式状语从句(1)The lights were on as though everyone had le
