1、2018北京大学自主招生英语部分试题学校:_姓名：_班级：_考号：_一、阅读理解October 31, 2009, CaliforniaTsien Hsue-shen, PhD39, one of the founders of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, died on October 31, He was 98.Tsien, born in the eastern Chinese city of Hangzhou, graduated from the National Qinghua University in 1934 and in August of
2、 1935 he left China to study at the Massachusetts Institute Technology. In 1936 he went to the California Institute of Technology to commence graduate studies. Tsien obtained his doctor degree in 1939 and would remain at Caltech for 20 years, becoming the Goddard Professor and establishing a reputat
3、ion as one of the leading rocket scientists in the United States.In 1943, Tsien and two others in the Caltech rocketry group drafted the first document to use the name Jet Propulsion Laboratory. During the Second World War, he was amongst the other scientists participated the Manhattan Project. Afte
4、r World War II he served as a consultant to the United States Army Air Force. During this time, Conlonel Tsien worked on designing an intercontinental space plane. His work would inspire the X20Dyna-Soar which would later be the inspiration for the Space Shuttle. In 1945 Tsien Hsue-shen married Jian
5、g Ying, the daughter of Jiang Bailione of the Chinese nationalist leader Chiang Kai-sheks leading military strategists. But in 1950, the Chinese-born scientist was accused of harboring Communist sympathies and stripped of his security clearance.In September 1955, he was permitted to leave for China,
6、 where Tsien resumed his research, founded the Institute of Mechanics, and went on to become the father of Chinas missile program, a trusted member of the government and Partys inner circle, and the nations most honored scientist, Tsien retired in 1991 and has maintained a low public profile in Beij
7、ing, China. The PRC government launched its manned space program in 1992 and used Tsiens research as the basis for the Long March rocket which successfully launched the Shenzhou V mission in October of 2003. The elderly Tsien was able to watch Chinas first manned space mission on television from his
8、 hospital bed.In his late years, since the 1980s, Tsien devoted himself to spirituality research, and advocated scientific investigation of traditional Chinese medicine, Qigong and special human body functions.1The underlined word commence in this passage probably means _.Amake upBgetCbeginDpromise2
9、Tsien Hsue-shen got married at the age of _.A45B28C24D343What is the right order of the events related to Tsien Hsue-shen?a. his later lifeb. return to Chinac. career in the U. S. Ad. his early life and educationAa-b-c-dBd-c-b-aCd-b-c-aDc-b-d-a4Which of the following statements is NOT true?ATsien Hs
10、ue-shen got a doctors degree in 1939.BTsien Hsue-shen married Jiang Ying, the daughter of Chinese nationalist leader Chiang Kai-shen.CTsien Hsue-shen has made a contribution to the Space Shuttle.DTsien Hsue-shen was interested in traditional Chinese medicine, qigong and special human body funcitions
11、 in his later life.Winter begins in the north on December 22nd. People and animals have been doing what they always do to prepare for the colder months. Squirrels (松鼠), for example, have been busy gathering nuts from trees. Well, scientists have been busy gathering information about what the squirre
12、ls do with the food they collect.They examined differences between red squirrels and gray squirrels in the American state of Indiana. The scientists wanted to know how these differences could affect the growth of black walnut (黑胡桃) trees. The black walnut is the nut of choice for both kinds of squir
13、rels. The black walnut tree is also a central part of some hardwood forests.Rob Swihart of Purdue University did the study with Jake Goheen, a former Purdue student now at the University of New Mexico. The two researchers estimate that several times as many walnuts grow when gathered by gray squirre
14、ls as compared to red squirrels. Gray squirrels and red squirrels do not store nuts and seeds in the same way. Gray squirrels bury nuts one at a time in a number of places. But they seldom remember where they buried every nut. So some nuts remain in the ground. Conditions are right for them to devel
15、op and grow the following spring. Red squirrels, however, store large groups of nuts above ground. Professor Swihart calls death traps for seeds.Gray squirrels are native to Indiana. But Professor Swihart says their humbers began to descrease as more forests were cut for agriculture. Red squirrels b
16、egan to spread through the state during the past century.The researchers say red squirrels are native to forests that stay green all year, unlike walnut trees. They say the cleaning of forest land for agriculture has helped red squirrels invade Indiana. Jake Goheen calls them a sign of an environmen
17、tal problem more than a cause.5The study done by Rob Swihart and Jake Goheen is to _.Afind out the living conditions for squirrelsBlearn squirrels influence on black walnut treesCdo something to get rid of squirrelsDsave the forests in the American state of Indiana6The difference between gray squirr
18、els and red squirrels mainly lies in _.Athe way they gather the walnutBthe time they have winter sleepCthe place they have winter sleepDthe place they store the walnuts7When Professor Swihart says death traps for seeds, he actually means that _.Ared squirrels eat more nuts than gray squirrelsBgray s
19、quirrels and red squirrels will have severe fightsCnuts above the ground will not develop into plantsDseeds can be traps for other animals in the forest二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文选词填空A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteria FOR half a century, the_8_ of progress in the computer industry has been
20、 to do more with less. Moores law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space _9_ every 18 months. The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate. Yet as _10_ get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive. On May 10th Paul Ote
21、llini, the boss of Intel, a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion. Happily for those that lack Intels resources, there may be a cheaper optionnamely to mimic Mother Nature, who has been building tiny _11_, in the form of living cells and their components,
22、for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it. A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal, sets out the latest example of the_12_. In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Britain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make ar
23、rays of tiny magnets, similar to those employed to store information in disk drives. The researchers took their _13_ from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earths magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide. Prev
24、ious work has isolated the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacteriumEscherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnologyto _14_ this protein in bulk. Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a m
25、icroscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals. Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein. The other half were left untreated as controls. They then dipped the gold into a solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heate
26、d _15_ of iron salts. After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope. Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherded into place by the bacterial protein. In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a
27、bit of information, according to how it was polarised. Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road. For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing _16_. But Dr Staniland reckons
28、 that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealt with. The _17_ of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab. Growing things does not need as much kit as making them. If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the result might give the word biote
29、chnology a whole new meaning.选词填空It isnt just the beer that _18_ to beer bellies. It could also be the extra calories, fat and unhealthy eating choices that may come with_19_ drinking.A recent study found that men consume an _20_ 433 calories (equivalent to a McDonalds double cheeseburger) on days t
30、hey drink a moderate amount of alcohol. About 61% of the caloric increase comes from the alcohol itself. Men also report eating higher amounts of saturated fats and meat, and less fruit and milk, on those days than on days when they arent drinking, the study showed. Women fared a bit better, taking
31、in an extra 300 calories on moderate-drinking days, from the alcohol and eating fattier foods. But womens increase in calories from additional eating wasnt statistically significant, the study said. Men and women ate less healthily on days they drank alcohol, said Rosalind Breslow, an epidemiologist
32、 with the federal National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and lead author of the study. Poorer food choices on drinking days have public-health _21_, she said. The findings dovetail with controlled lab studies in which _22_ generally eat more food after consuming alcohol. Researchers sugg
33、est that alcohol may enhance the short-term rewarding effects of consuming food, according to a 2010 report in the journal Physiology & Behavior that reviewed previous studies on alcohol, appetite and obesity. But other studies have pointed to a different trend. Moderate drinkers gain less weight ov
34、er time than either heavy drinkers or people who abstain from alcohol, particularly women, this research has shown. Moderate drinking is _23_ having about two drinks a day for men and one for women. People who gain the least weight are moderate drinkers, regardless of alcoholic beverage choice, said
35、 Eric Rimm, an associate professor of epidemiology and nutrition at Harvard Medical School and chairman of the 2010 review of alcohol in the federal dietary _24_. The weight-gain difference is modest, and starting to drink is not a weight-loss diet, he said. The various research efforts form part of
36、 a long-standing _25_ about how alcohol affects peoples appetites, weight and overall health. Researchers say there arent simple answers, and suggest that individuals metabolism, drinking patterns and gender may play a role. Alcohol is a real wild card when it comes to weight management, said Karen
37、Miller-Kovach, chief scientific officer of Weight Watchers International. At seven calories per gram, alcohol is closer to fat than to carbohydrate or protein in caloric content, she said. Alcohol tends to lower restraint, she notes, causing a person to become more _26_ with what theyre eating. Rese
38、arch bolstering the role of moderate drinking in helping to control weight gain was published in 2004 in the journal Obesity Research. That study followed nearly 50,000 women over eight years. An earlier study, published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1994, followed more than 7,000 peopl
39、e for 10 years and found that moderate drinkers gained less weight than nondrinkers. Studies comparing changes in waist circumference among different groups have yielded similar results. Dr. Rimm said it isnt clear why moderate drinking may be _27_ against typical weight gain, but it could have to d
40、o with metabolic adjustments. After people drink alcohol, their heart rate increases so they burn more calories in the following hour.Its a modest amount, he said. But if you take an individual that eats 100 calories instead of a glass of wine, the person drinking the glass of wine will have a slight increase in the amount of calories burned.试卷第5页，共6页
