1、仁爱版七年级英语下第五单元重点知识点一、时态-现在进行时1.现在分词的构成规则:一般情况下，直接在动词后面加 ing 如:read-reading ; drink-drinking ; eat-eating ;动词末尾是e，而且e不发音，去e加 ing 如:write -writing ; make- making ; ride-riding ;重读闭音节结尾的（不知道什么是重读闭音节，就记作“辅元辅”结构，例如dig，sit，hop这样的，注意中间的元音字母和末尾的元音字母都是一个），双写末尾的辅音字母再加 ingsit-sitting ; swim-swimmingput-putting
2、; runrunning以ie结尾的，把ie变y，再加 ing：lie - lyingdie - dying现在分词变化，没有辅音字母加y这一条！2. 现在进行时标志词：暗示在进行时的时间状语，常用的有：now, at the moment, at this moment ，these days 等；或者交代现在的点钟，也常用用look, listen提醒提醒对方正在发生（这是常考点）。 例如：They are having an English classnow.他们正在上英语课。Listen!Sonebody is ringing the bell.听！有人按门铃。Look！A lot o
3、f children are playing in the park.看! 很多孩子在公园里玩。He is writing a novelthese days.他最近在写一本小说。（最近一直在做，但此时此刻不一定在写）3.现在进行时的用法a. 表示说话时正在We are talking about the film.我们正在聊这部电影。b. 表示最近一段时间经常做，但是说话时未必正在做。He is writing another new book.他最近正在写另一本新书。（此时此刻不一定在写）She is learning playing the violin these days.她最近在学
4、小提琴。c.进行时表将来（已经确定安排好的事情）Im leaving for Japan next week.我下周动身去日本。（已经安排好了）Were going to Paris tomorrow.我们明天去巴黎。（已经订好了机票）4.考点常用进行时表将来的词：fly come go arrive leave diebegin star end finish drive return5. 静态动词不用进行时表示情绪、情感、存在、喜好、拥有的动词，不能用于现在进行时，如：feel, love, like, hate，want, be, have/has, know，possess 等6. 重
5、要知识点练习：1. 写出下列动词的ing形式walk jump watchlie play singsmoke dance drive runKeys：walking; jumping; watching;lying; playing; singing;smoking; dancing; driving; running.2. 用现在进行时完成下列句子:1. _you_(fly) a kite? Yes,_.2. _you_(sit) in the boat?3. _he_(talk) with me?4. We_(play) football now.5. What_you_(do)?6.
6、I_(sing) an English song.7. What_he_(mend)?8. He_(mend) a car.9. These boys _ (play) tennis on the playground.10. My mother_ (cook) in the kitchen.Keys:1. Are ,flying,I am 2. Are sitting,3.Is,talking4. are plying 5. are,doing6.am singing7. is,mending 8. is mending 9.are plying10.is cooking3. 选择1. Lo
7、ok. Lucy is_ a new bike today.A. jumping B. runningC. riding D takeing2. The children _ football.A. is playing B. are playingC. play the D. play a3. They _TV in the evening. They do their homework.A. are watchingB. cant watchingC. dont watch D. dont watching4. Listen! She_ in the classroom.A. is sin
8、gingB. singC .to sing D. is sing5. _are you eating? Im eating _ meat.A. What,someB. Which,anyC. Where,notD. What,a6. Is she _ something?A. eatB. eatingC. eattingD. eats7. I cant catch up with the fashion,because the clothes style_ all the time.A. has changed B. is changedC. is changing D. changed8.L
9、ook! The children_ basketball on the playground.A. plays B. playedC. is playing D. are playing9.Jack and Ketty_ in the lake. Lets join them,shall we?A. swimB. have swumC. swamD. are swimming10.Its six in the afternoon. The Greens_ lunch together.A. hasB. are havingC. have hadD. had hadKeys:1.C2.B 3.
10、C 4.A 5.A 6.B7.C8.D 9.D 10.B二、课文重点1. The same to you. 你也一样，相当于you,too.只用于对话双方都过的节日祝福。Merry christmas. 圣诞快乐！The same to you.你也一样。下面这个就不行：Happy birthday! 生日快乐！Thank you!谢谢你！2. How do you usually come to school?How用来询问交通方式。用特殊疑问词开头的问句叫特殊疑问句。常用的特殊疑问词有：what（什么），who（谁），whose（谁的）which（哪个），when（何时）， where（哪
11、里）how（怎样）， why（为何）特殊疑问句并不是都需要倒装，如果问句的动作是疑问词发出的，如who这个词就能发出动作，或者对主语的定语惊醒提问，特殊疑问句也可以是陈述语序，如：Who is waiting for you？ 谁在等你？Whose book is it? 那是谁的书？如不是上面的情况，则需要倒装，结构是：疑问词+一般疑问句语序，如：what class are you in?What does she look like?Where are you from?What time does he get up every morning?How do you know？回答：回
12、答特殊疑问句，问什么答什么，尤其是简略回答。括号内是完整回答所需部分。如：Who is from Canada？Helen (is from Canada)Wheres the restaurant？(It is)Near the stationWhy do you like koalas？(I like koalas)Because they are cute一般疑问句与特殊疑问句的区别一般疑问句的结构是：系动词、助动词、情态动词放句首，yes或no来回答的句子。如:Are you from Japan？Yes, I am / No Im notIs her sister doing her
13、 homework now?Yes, she is / No she isnt扩展：陈述句变成一般疑问句1.如句中有be 动词（am/ is/ are），将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称，应将其改为第二人称。如：Imin Class 2, Grade 1Areyou in Class 2, Grade 1?Werewatching TVAreyou watching TV?2.陈述句中有情态动词（can may must ），直接将它们提至主语前, 如：Hecanswim nowCanhe swim now?The childrenmaycome with usMaythe children
14、 come with us?3.陈述句用的是实义动词，时态是一般现在时，要在句首加do或does，后面的实义动词用原形。如：Ilikethese animals.Doyou like these animals？Shewantsto go to the moviesDoesshe want to go to the movies？3. I usually come to school by subway.By subway 乘地铁注意：by+交通工具表示方式，by后面只用一个单数名词，不准用冠词！不准用复数！I often go to New York by plane.4. Come to
15、school 来上学 school 前没有a、the、this、that等。5. Its time for + 名词 “该干.了”Its time for school.=Its time to go to school.Its time to do sth=its time for+名词Its time to have lunch.=Its time for lunch.6. On weekdays 在工作日At/on weekends 在周末I work very hard on weekdays.I always get up very late on/at weekends.7. Al
16、ways 总是，一直 是频度副词，英语中常用的频度副词有：always（总是，一直）, usually（通常）often（经常）, sometimes（有时）once, twice, seldom（很少）,never（从不）频度副词的位置：行为动词之前，be、情态动词、助动词之后。对频度副词提问通常用how often,表示“多久一次”。She isseldomlate.How often is she late?Weoftenwatch TV.How often do you go to the zoo?扩展：行为动词是那种一说到就能想起来一个对应的动作，也可以表示主语的状态和品质。情态动词
17、没有动作含义，可以协助实意动词表达语气和情态。常见的：Can,could,may might,must,have to,shall,should助动词是本身没有意义，只是协助行为意动词完成时间和数的概念表达，常见的助动词有be,do, have. Shall, will等。8. About 做副词时，意为“大概”，做介词时意为“关于”。A book about English.9. Know about 与know of 同义，意为“知道，熟悉，了解关于。的情况”但了解并不深入。I dont know Mr. Smith, but I know about/of him.我不认识史密斯先生，但
18、我听说过他。10.Few, a few,little, a littleFew, a few 修饰可数名词Little, a little 修饰不可数名词Few little 表示很少，几乎没有，a few,a little 表示几个，一些There is little milk in the glass.There is a little meat on the table.11. Have a rest 表示“短暂休息一下”，等于 take a breakI want to have a good rest.12. In ones free time=in ones spare time
19、在空闲时间I often play computer games in my free time.13. Go swimming 去游泳go fishing 去钓鱼go shopping 去购物14. And so on 等等He likes apples, oranges, bananas and so on.15. Talk 不及物动词，后接交谈对象时常与介词to和with构成短语，后接谈话内容时常与介词about和of构成短语。They are talking about the game.Miss Chen is talking with Jane.16. Do ones homewo
20、rk 做作业Do you often do your homework at home?17. For a little while 一会儿After dinner, I often play computer games for a little while.18. Sleep 睡觉 fall asleep（入睡）, go to sleep(睡觉)和get to sleep(入睡)I cant get to sleep because i am too excited.19. at the moment 此时此刻，目前，眼下，相当于nowI am sleeping at the moment
21、.20. borrow “主语向某人借东西”borrow sth from sb或者borrow ones sthLend 借给，表示主语把东西借给别人。Lend sth to sb lend sb sth【常考】My teacher often lends story books to me.My teacher ofen lends me story books.keep表示借某物多久。Keep sth for + 时间段We can keep the book for two weeks.这本书我们可以借两周。扩展：return 意为归还，及物动词，相当于give back.但是当ret
22、urn意为返回，回来的时候是不及物动词，相当于come back.Return to +地点，表示回到。地方return from + 地点，表示从。回来。He will return to America next week.他下周就回到美国。21. Find和look for都是找的意思，可是find找到了，look for还在找。I look for my pen everywhere and finally find it on the desk.我到处找我的钢笔，最后在桌子上找到了。22. On time准时，按时，常指火车，飞机等准点到达。In time 及时，后面可接for st
23、h 或to do sth,强调在规定的时间之前，以不迟到为标准。These buses are never on time.这些公交车从来不准点儿。The students can get here in time for class.这些学生能及时到这里上课。考试的时候，如果有约定时间，就用on time，因为on time 是“按时”-按照约定时间。23. else 意为别的，其他的，放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词之后。What else can you do?你还能做点别的什么呢？Who else?还有谁？24. Put on 穿上，带上，强调穿戴这一动作，而且不能延续，be in,w
24、ear强调穿戴的状态Please put on your coat.请穿上大衣。My sister is in a red skirt.我妹妹穿着一件红短裙。25. Show sb around 领某人参观Show sth to sb=show sb sth给某人看.26. At the back of 在.后面in the front of 在.的前面The dinning hall is at the back of the school.餐厅在学校（内部的）后面。The teachers desk is in the front of our classroom.讲台在教室（内部的）前面
25、。27. love/like/enjoy doing sth 喜爱做某事He enjoys watching TV for a little while after lunch.他喜欢在晚饭后看一会电视。28. Talk to/with 与。谈话He is talking to/with his English teacher.他在和他英语老师说话。29. Also 用在肯定句中，位于实义动词前，be动词，情态动词和助动词后，如：he can also swim.Too 用于肯定句句末，常用逗号隔开。He is a student, too.Either 用于否定句句末，常用逗号隔开He ca
26、nt swim,either.As well 一般用于肯定句句末，但不用逗号隔开She can ride a bike as well.30. Work on 致力于从事He is working on a new novel.Work for 为。而工作I am working for my future.Work out计算，算出The little boy can work out the math problem all by himself.31. What do you think of.= what do you like.表示主语对某人或某事的看法，对某物的喜欢程度。What
27、do you think of the book?Its interesting.How do you like the book?Very much.32. whats ones favorite.?What.does sb like best? 某人最喜欢什么？Whats your favorite sport? = what sport do you like best?33. why dont you.?后接动词原形，意为“你为什么不？当它用来表示提出建议的时候，相当于why not.?意为为何不？Why dont you play soccer with us?34. Be frie
28、ndlyto对某人友好Everyone here is very friendly to us.35. Other是形容词，意为“另外的，其他的”，表示泛指，常与复数名词或不可数名词连用。如果other前面有the, this ,any, each, every, no, none 以及形容词性物主代词时，其后可接单数名词。The other 指两者中的另一个He has two pencils. One is short, the other is long.Others是other的复数形式，意为“别的人或物”，表示泛指。If you work hard, you will catch u
29、p with others soon.36. Say,tell,speak,talk辨析Say的意思是“说，说道”，多指用语言表达自己的思想，强调说话的内容，是及物动词，它的宾语可以使名词，代词或从句，还可以跟直接宾语。Can you say it in English.Tell “讲述，告诉”指把一件事或一个故事讲出来，有连续述说的意思。Tell可接双宾语结构和复合宾语结构。有时表示“嘱咐或语气较轻的命令”My mother often tells me a story before i go to bed.Speak的意思是“说话”，做不及物动词时，通常指说话的能力和方式，也有演讲，发言之
30、意；做及物动词时，其后的宾语是表示语言的名词。Speak.to 同.说话I can speak a little English.Talk的意思是“谈话，谈论”，指相互之间的谈话，一般做不及物动词用，与to或with连用表示“与。交谈”。谈到关于某人或某事时，后接介词of或about。He is talking with his friends.37. Thank you for doing sth 做某事而感谢Thank you for great photos.38. hard 和difficult的区别Difficult侧重于问题的“复杂，难于处理”，需要智慧或技巧才能解决。Nothing is difficult to a man who wills.世上无难事，只怕有心人。Hard较口语化，也可以指智力方面存在困难，此时可与difficult互换，但指体力方面存在困难时，通常用hard。Its hard to move the desk upstairs.很难把课桌搬到楼上。
