1、 语法专项六连词一、连词的定义：连词是连接字、短语、从句与句子的词，是虚词，因此它不能独立担任句子成分。二、连词的分类：连词主要分为两大类并列连词和从属连词。三、并列连词：并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、词组或分句。它包括：and，or，but，so，for，bothand，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut also， as well as.(1)表并列关系的and, bothand, not onlybut also, neithernor, as well as (2)表选择关系的or, eitheror (3)表转折关系的but (4)表因果关系的for, s
2、o1、 and：和，并且（1）表示“和”、“而且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，短语与短语，句子与句子。Eg: He got up and put on his hat. Eg: I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Bei Hai Park.（2）单词或词组如果是三个以上连接，一般在最后的单词或词组前加and。另外“and”在译成中文时不一定要翻译出“和” Eg: Mary visited Beijing , Shanghai and Hong Kong.（3）and用于祈使句中，句型：祈使句，and=If you， youllEg: Us
3、e your head，and youll find a way.=If you use your head，youll find a way.Eg: Hurry up，and youll catch the bus.=If you hurry up，youll catch the bus.2、or：或，或者，否则（1）or表示“或”的意思，用于两者之中选择一个。 Eg: Would you like coffee or tea？ （2）注意“A or B”作主语时，谓语动词随or后面的词（B）而定。Eg: Tom or I am right. Eg: Li Ming or his class
4、mates are cleaning the room.（3）用于祈使句中，句型：祈使句， or=If you dont， youll译成“请，否则”，有转折的意思。 Eg: Hurry up，or youll miss the bus.=If you dont hurry up，youll miss the bus.Eg: Study hard，or youll fail in the exam.=If you dont study hard，youll fail in the exam.3、but：但是，可是，而 （1）但是，而，可是。表示转折关系。 Eg: He is old，but h
5、e looks very young. （but 后面省略了主语Li Li，因为与前面的主语成分相同）Eg: Mary likes violin， but Tom doesnt. （doesnt后面省略了like violin，因为与前面的成分相同）（2）在英文中，but和although不能在一起使用。 Eg: Although it was raining hard , but they went on working. (错) Eg: It was raining hard ,but they went on working.(对) Eg: Although it was raining
6、 hard, they went on working.(对)4、 so， for （1）so：所以，因此，于是 Eg: My teacher asked me to go，so I went.（2）so除了作连词外，也可以作副词。 Eg: I hope you can pass the exam. I hope so. Eg: Dont walk so fast.（3）for：因为 Eg: I soon went to sleep， for I was tired. Eg：The sun has risen，for the birds are singing.5、bothand：和，既也（两
7、者都） （1）bothand构成的词组作为主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Eg: Both Li Ming and Li Li are good students.（2）bothand的否定句表示部分否定。 Eg:He cant play both the violin and the piano.（不全会）Eg: Both Li Ming and Li Li are not good students.（其中一个是好学生）6、eitheror和neithernor（1）eitheror：或或；不是就是1）eitheror构成的词组作为主语时，谓语动词随其邻近的词，即or后面的词而定。（就近原则）E
8、g: Either you or he is right. Eg：Either my sister or my mother comes.2）eitheror的否定句是全否定。 Eg: Either you or he isnt right. 你和他都不对Eg: I dont want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai.天津和上海我都不想参观。（2）neithernor：既不也不1）构成的词组做主语时，谓语动词的用法和eitheror的用法一样，由nor后面的词而定。（就近原则）Eg: Neither you nor I am right. Eg： Ne
9、ither you nor he was selected for the job.2）neithernor 是全否定，因此不能再用否定式，即不能再加not。 Eg:（）Neither You nor I am not right.7、not only but also：不但而且not onlybut also构成的词组担任主语时，谓语动词随 but also后面的部分而定。（就近原则）Eg: Not only you but also your father is coming.Eg: Not only the teacher but also the students were again
10、st the plan.8、as well as : 又、不但而且（1）as well as 构成的词组担任主语时，谓语动词随前面的词而定。（就远原则） eg: Jim as well as his parents joins in the party.（2）该句型可以和“not onlybut also”互换，not only A but also B = B as well as A ，前者强调的是B, 在not only之后，后者强调的也是B，在as well as之前。翻译时，要先翻译as well as 后面的词。Eg: The child is not only healthy b
11、ut also lively = The child is lively as well as healthy. 这孩子既健康又活泼。四、从属连词：从属连词用来引导从句，它包括： that， when，while , as, till， until， after， before， since，because，if， though，although，sothat，as soon as常见的从属连词有：1、 that：（1）that引导名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句）和定语从句，Eg: I think（that） he likes football.（2）如果主句的动词是 t
12、hink， believe；如果主句的主语是第一人称，变为否定句时，要否定主句，译成中文时，则否定从句。（否定前移） Eg: I believe you will leave here. Eg： I dont believe you will leave here.2、 when，while，before, after , as soon as ，till, until , sincewhen， while， till， until， since， after， before， as soon as等是连接时间状语从句的连词。当主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。（1）注意while所引导的从句
13、的谓语动词只能是延续性的，不能用点动词。（如begin，stop）Eg： While I read, she sang. Eg: I entered the room while（when） Li Ming was talking with her.（2）since引导的是一个过去时的句子，说明自当时以来到现在（自从两年前以来），主句一般要用现在完成时。 Eg: I have learned more than two thousand English words since I began learning English two years ago.（3）till和until若主句的动词是
14、终止性动词，则要用否定式。Eg: I didnt go to sleep until（till）I finished my homework. Eg: We wont work until（till） our teacher teaches us how to do it.Eg: He stayed there till / until his mother came back.（4）Eg: When he arrives there, he will call you. Eg: He came to China after the war was over.= The war was ove
15、r before he came to China. Eg: As soon as I get the present, Ill tell you.3、because：因为，连接原因状语从句 （1）回答Why问句时，只能用because，不能用for或 as.Eg: Why are you late？ Because I met a traffic accident on my way here.（2）汉语中，我们经常说因为所以，但在英文中有了because，就不能再用so。Eg: （）Because he was tired， so he couldnt walk there.4、if，th
16、ough （although）（1）if：如果（引导条件从句） Eg: You can pass the exam if you study hard.（2）though，although：虽然（引导让步状语从句）和原因状语从句一样，如果用了though，although （虽然）就不能再用but（但是）。Eg: Although（Though） I live near the sea， Im not a good swimmer.=I live near the sea，but Im not a good swimmer.5、sothat：太以致若that 后跟的从句是否定从句，可以与too
17、to互换。Eg: He is so old that he cant work. = He is too old to work.Eg: The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.=The box is too heavy for me to lift.Eg: The girl is so beautiful that everybody likes her.注意注意此句型与tooto的互换。sothat在肯定句中不能转换成tooto。代词专项习题1.Goingtothemoviesisgood，_Ireallyonlylikelisteningtomus
18、ic.A.and B.but C.so D.or2. Thetomatoisinfactafruit，_itiseatenasavegetable.A.because B.if C.when D.although3.Getupearly，_youllbelateforschool.A.so B.and C.or D.but4._mycousinisveryyoung，_shecanhelpwiththehousework.A.Once；不填 B.Though；but C.Although；不填5.Iwillbeveryhappy_youcometomyparty.A.if B.though C
19、.or6.Hehadabadcold，_hekeptonworkingasusualA.so B.but Cthough7. Whathappenedjustnow？Acarhitanoldladyatthecrossing.Shewashurt，_notbadly.A.and B.or C.only D.but8._Iliveinasafecommunity，IstillfeelalittleworriedwhenIgooutatnight.A.Although B.Since C.Until9. Bequiet，mykids，_youwillhavetostayoutside，becaus
20、ethisisalibrary.A.and B.because C.or D.but10. Becareful，_youllmakefewermistakesintheexam.A.or B.but C.and11.Rose，youaresothin.Youshouldeatmore，_youllmakeyourselfill.A.or B.if C.and D.but12.Youwontpasstheexam_youdontworkhard.OK，Illdomybest.A.and B.but C.if D.so13.A:Doyoulikepopularsongs？B:Yes，Ido._Im
21、toobusytoenjoythem.A.But B.So C.And14.Workharder，_youwillnotkeepwithothers.A.and B.or C.so15._thewinterinHarbinisrathercold，thecityisstillattractivetothevisitorsthroughouttheworld.A.Although B.But C.So16.Bequick，_wellbelateforschool.A.and B.but C.or D.so17.Youdbettertakecare，_youwillhurtyoureyes.A.s
22、o B.but C.or D.and18.IhearTomisleaving._why？A.And B.But C.Or D.So19.Hurryup，Tom，_wellbelateforthefilmDearest.A.or B.but C.and D.so20. Leavethereferencebooksbehind，_youwontbeabletothinkindependently.A.or B.and C.so D.but21.canhelpustravelaroundmoreeasily._moreandmorepeoplelikeusingthemA.Or B.So C.And
23、 D.But22.Itisraininghard，_thefarmersarestillworkinginthefield.Sotheyare.A.and B.but C.so23.Writedownthetelephonenumber，_youllforgetit.A.or B.and C.so24.YoudbetterwakeupTomat6:30，_hewillbelateforthematch.A.if B.or C.and D.but25. Hello，Joyce，youarebusy.CanIgiveyouahand？Thanksverymuch，_Icanmanage.A.and
24、 B.or C.so D.but26. Mike did something wrong, _ the headmaster is talking with him.A. so B. but C. and D. or27. Excuse me. Do you have a table for two? -Im sorry, _ there arent any seats now. Would you mind waiting for a while?A. but B. and C. or D. so28. Stop cutting trees, _ the earth will become
25、worse and worse.A. and B. but C. or D. then29. Do you want to stay at home _ go shopping with us?A. and B. but C. or D. so30. The song was _ old _ few young people could sing.A. enough; to B. so; that C. as; as D. too; to31. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, _ he cant understand the instructions on t
26、he bottle of the pills.A. so B. or C. but D. for32. _the soldiers _the captain have been to Greece before.A. BothandB. Not onlybut alsoC. NeithernorD./.as well as33. _ my mother _ my sister watches football games these days.A. Either; nor B. Both; and C. Neither; nor D. Neither; or34. Mr. Smith is a
27、n English teacher _ will teach us English next term.A. or B. and C. but D. so35. I may live _ in a hotel _ in a friends house.A. both; and B. either; or C. neither; nor D. between; and36. Im sorry, _ I cant help you with your homework. Youd better do it yourself.A. and B. but C. or D. then37. I thin
28、k we should get this liquid crystal computer, _ it wont take up more space.A. but B. althoughC. because D. so38. Stop smoking, _ you will get better soon.A. and B. orC. that D. after39. We bought Mary a pair of sunglasses as her birthday present, _ she didnt like it.A. and B. but C. or D. so40. It w
29、as very late, _ the students still went on repairing their desks and chairs.A. and B. or C. so D. but41. Though we teachers have _ money _ time, we should still be responsible for the students.A. both; and B. neither; nor C. either; or D. not; but42. Surf the internet, _youll get the information tha
30、t you need.A. and B. or C. but D. although43. Which of the two English dictionaries will you buy?I will buy _ of them , so I can give one to my friend, Helen.A. either B. neither C. both D. all 44. _ Tom _ Mary is busy. Youd better play with others.A. Both, andB.Neither, nor C. Either, or D. Not onl
31、y, but also45. We love spring _there are beautiful flowers everywhere.A. although B. because C. but D. or46. Mary ordered an MP3 player from internet _she could save a lot of time.A. so that B. though C. in order to D. as soon as47. Bob spends a lot of money on books_he is not rich. A. if B.though C. because D. but1-5BBCCA 6-10BCABA 11-15 ACABA 16-20 CBBAA 21-25 CBABA 26-30 DABDD31-35 ADCDA 36-40 BBBBA 41-45 BBACC 46-50 ABDBB 51-55 CABCD 56-60 CBCAB 61-65 CADAD
