1、Unit4 I used to be afraid of the dark重点知识归纳一、词汇应用1. be silent in class在课堂上保持沉默 2. be interested in . 对感兴趣 3. on a basketball team 在篮球队 4. from time to time 时常;有时 5. turn red 变红 6. get good scores on the exams 在考试中取得好成绩 7. wear glasses 戴眼镜 8. take up singing 开始唱歌 9. deal with her shyness 克服她的羞怯10. no
2、t . anymore 不再 11. in front of crowds 在众人面前 12. all the time 频繁;反复 13. get tons of attention 被众人所关注;吸引无数目光 14. worry about . / be worried about . 担心;担忧 15. be careful about . 对小心 16. give up your normal life 放弃你正常的生活 17. the road to success 成功之路 18. fight on 奋力坚持下去;继续战斗 19. require a lot of talent a
3、nd hard work 需要很大的天赋和勤奋 20. make it to the top 成功 21. give a speech 发表演讲 22. in public 公开地;在别人面前 23. be nervous about tests 考试紧张 24. do well in school 在学校表现好 25. cause problems 制造麻烦 26. take care of sb. 照顾某人27. influence his schoolwork 影响他的学业 28. be absent from classes 缺课;缺勤 29. fail his examination
4、s 他考试不及格 30. in person 亲身;亲自 31. even though 即使;虽然 32. think of sb. 想起某人 33. become active in many other activities在许多别的活动中变得积极 34. send sb. to a boarding school 将某人送到一所寄宿学校 35. dare to do sth. 敢做某事 36. make the decision to do sth. 决定做某事 37. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事二、 重点句型1. Iusedtobeafraidofth
5、edark.我过去常常前害怕黑暗.2.Igotosleepwithmybedroomlighton.我开着卧室的灯睡觉.3.Iusedtospendalotoftimeplayinggameswithmyfriends.以前我常常花很多时间和我的朋友们玩游戏.4.Ihardlyeverhavetimeforconcerts.我几乎没有时间去听音乐会.5.Mylifehaschangedalotinthelastfewyears.我的生活在过去几年里改变了很多.6.Itwillmakeyoustressedout.那会使你紧张的.7.ItseemsthatYuMeihaschangedalot.
6、玉梅似乎变化很大.三、词汇讲解1. silentsilent是形容词,意为“沉默的;无言的”,其名词形式为silence。例如: We shouldnt keep silent when the teacher asks us some questions. 当老师问我们问题时,我们不应该保持沉默。 She was silent when her mother asked her questions. 她妈妈问她问题她沉默不语。【拓展】calm; still; quiet与silent的辨析:calm镇静的;平静的 指不受干扰时的宁静、平静;指人时表示沉着的、镇定的。still不动的;静止的
7、指物理上的安静状态。quiet安静的;静止的 指寂静的状态,没有吵闹、骚乱,指人表示娴静、文静。silent沉默的;无言的 主要指人,指不发出声音或不说话,强调无声的状态。 When we face danger, we should keep calm. 面对危险,我们应该保持沉着、冷静。 The baby kept still when she was taking photos. 当给这个婴儿拍照时,她一动也不动。 Be quiet, everyone. The teacher is coming. 同学们,安静!老师来了。2. helpfulhelpful 形容词,意为“有帮助的”。例
8、如: The dictionary is very helpful to me. 那本字典对我很有帮助。helpful是由动词help加后缀“-ful”构成的形容词。动词加后缀“-ful”变成形容词,是一种常见的构词法,类似的这样的词还有很多。例如: care careful use useful wonderwonderful3. score(1)score作动词,意为“得分;获胜”。例如: Hughes scored two goals before half-time. 休斯在上半场进了两个球. The army continued to score successes in the s
9、outh.军队在南方不断取得胜利。(2)score作名词,意为“得分;二十;乐谱”。例如: I recorded the score in a notebook. 我在笔记本上记下了分数。 He bought two scores of apples yesterday. 他昨天买了四十个苹果。 Look at the score and try to play that song. 看乐谱演奏一下那首曲子。4. interviewinterview用作动词,意为“采访,面试”。be interviewed by意为“被采访”。例如: We are going to interview the
10、 manager of this company. 我们将要采访这家公司的经理。 He has interviewed a lot of people for the job. 他已面试过很多应聘这份工作的人。5. dare(1)dare用作实义动词,意为“敢于;胆敢”。常构成短语dare to do sth.意为“敢于做某事”。有时 to 也可省去(尤其是在否定句或疑问句)。例如: He didnt dare to look at her in the eye. 他不敢正眼看她。 Did he dare (to) tell her? 他敢告诉她吗? We dont dare (to) say
11、 anything. 我们什么也不敢说。(2)dare可用作情态动词,用作情态动词时,意思是“敢”,其后接动词原形,通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether引导的从句中,一般不用于肯定句。例如: I dont know whether he dare try. 我不知他是否敢试一试。 I darent ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪。【注意】dare后通常不接动词的进行式。6. seldomseldom是副词,意为“很少,不常”,反义词是often,通常置于行为动词之前,be动词,情态动词和助动词之后,是一个表示否定意义的副词。例如:Mr Brown seld
12、om goes out. 布朗先生很少外出。【拓展】always, usually, often, sometimes和never是英语中最常见的频度副词。(1)always 的频度为100%,表示动作重复、状态继续,中间没有间断,意思是“总是”、“永远地”。例如: The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。(2)usually 的频度为80%左右,意为“通常”、“平常”,即很少有例外。例如: He usually goes to bed at ten oclock. 他通常10点钟睡觉(3)often 的频
13、度为60%左右,意为“常常”,但不如usually那么频繁,表示动作重复,中间有间断。例如: He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。(4) sometimes 的频度为40%左右,意为“有时”,表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首,以示强调。例如: It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。 Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做,有时那样做。(5) seldom的频度为20%左右,意为“很少”、“不经常”。例
14、如: I seldom go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。(6) never 的频度为0,意为“从来不”、“永不”。例如: My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。7. pridepride是名词,意为“骄傲,自豪”。常用的结构:take pride in sth. 意为“为某事骄傲”。 They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. 他们为成为科学家的女儿而感到自豪。 He is the pride of our city.
15、他是我们城市的骄傲。【拓展】proud 是形容词,常用结构:be proud of sth. 意为“以而骄傲”。 I am very proud of being a Chinese. 作为一名中国人我很自豪be proud to do sth. 意为“为做某事而骄傲”。 We are proud to be a league member. 我们为成为团员而骄傲。8. absentabsent是形容词,意为“不在的;缺席的”。例如: How many students are absent today? 今天有多少学生缺席? Who is absent today?今天谁不在?【拓展】(1)
16、absent的名词是absence,反义词是present,常用结构:be absent from意为“缺席”。与be away from同义。例如: Love was totally absent/away from his childhood. 他童年时根本没有得到疼爱。 The manager is absent/away from the meeting. 经理缺席了会议。(2)absent-minded意为“心不在焉的;健忘的”,可用作表语或定语。例如: He is always absent-minded.他老是心不在焉。四、句式精讲1. Whats he like now?Wha
17、t is sb./sth. like?是用来询问性格特征的。例如: What is the old man like? 那个老人怎么样? He is kind. 他很和蔼。【拓展】把上面句子的“be like”改为“look like”,即“What does/do sb./sth. look like? ”这个句式是询问某个人或物的外貌特征,意为“看上去是什么样”。例如: What does the old man look like? 那个老人怎么样? He is short and thin. 他又矮又瘦。2. The head teacher advised his parents t
18、o (1)advise表示“建议”,通常为及物动词,若其后的宾语是动词,通常应是动名词,而不能是不定式。例如:I advise waiting till the right time. 我建议等到适当的时候。(2)advise 之后不能直接跟不定式,但可接不定式的复合结构,常用于advise sb. to do sth.的结构中。例如: He advised us to sell the house. 他建议我们把房子卖了。 The doctor advised me to stop smoking. 医生建议我戒烟。【拓展】advice是不可数名词,意为“意见、建议、劝告、忠告”,不能与不定
19、冠词a 连用。例如: a piece of advice一条建议 Let me give you some advice. 让我给你一些建议。3. They also told me that even though theyeven though意为“尽管;既然;纵然”,有退一步设想的意味,相当于even if,多用于书面语中,引导让步状语从句。例如 He went on working with his assistant even though both of them were tired. 尽管他们两个都累了,他仍然和他的助手继续工作。 Even if I have to sell
20、my house, I will keep my business. 即使我卖掉房子,我还是要继续我的事业。4. Maria, you used to be short, didnt you?(1)used to do sth是一个固定结构,意思是“过去经常做某事”,后面用动词原形,表示过去的某种经常性、习惯性的行为或者动作,并意味着这种动作目前已经不存在。例如:肯定句: I used to play with my friends after school. 过去放学后我常常和朋友们一起玩。否定句: You didnt use to like pop songs.=You usednt to
21、 like pop songs. 你过去不喜欢流行歌曲。一般疑问句: Did your sister use to be quiet? = Used your sister to be quiet? 你的妹妹过去很安静吗?there be句式: There used to be a lot of fishes in this river. 过去这条小河常常有许多鱼。(2)you used to be short, didnt you?是反意疑问句,表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,疑问句是
22、由be ,have, 助动词或情态动词后接主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之, 陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分,必须保持人称和时态的一致。 He is old, isnt he? 他老了,不是吗? He never went there, did he? 他从没有去过那里,是吗?无论哪种形式的反意疑问句,回答时要遵循:“Yes,后接肯定式”或者“No,后接否定式” The girl is helping her mother with the housework, isnt she? 那个女孩正在帮妈妈做家务,不是吗? Yes, sh
23、e is. 是的,她在帮。 No, she isnt. 不,她没有帮。5. This party is such a great idea.such是形容词,意为“如此的,这样的”。其后接名词,有以下几种用法:(1) such a / an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词。例如: Is there such a book? 有这样的书吗?(2) such + 形容词 + 复数名词。例如: There are such beautiful flowers. 有如此美丽的花。(3) such + 形容词 + 不可数名词。例如: I have never heard such terrible news. 我从未听说过这样可怕的消息。【拓展】so与such均有“如此的,这样的”之意,so是副词,通常修饰形容词或副词,而such是形容词,常修饰名词。“such a / an + adj. + 单数名词”可转换成“so + adj. + a /an + 单数名词”;另外,在表示“这么多(少)的”时名词前有many; much; few或little时应用so而不用such。例如: She has so many books. 她有如此多的书。 She is such a nice girl. = She is so nice a girl. 她是如此好的女孩。