1、专题五 形容词和副词I、重点难点解析 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型及用法。系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考热点之一。一 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型名称 句型 例句相等1. as+原级+asThe train travels as fast as the 3：55 train2. as+原级+a/an+单数名词+asHe is as honest a man as you.3. as many+名词复数+as as much+不可数名词+asI have as many books as yo
2、u.4. 倍数+as+原级+名词+asMy room is twice as big as my brothers.不及not as/so+原级+asShe is not as/so beautiful as her sister超越1比较级+thanHealth is more important than wealth2the+比较级+of the two两者中较的一个He is the taller of the two用于否定no+比较级+than和一样不He is no richer than I他和我一样不富有。用于否定再不过（可译为“非常，十分”）His work couldnt
3、 be worse他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增-er and -er，more and more+多音节词原级(越来越)higher and higher; more and more important两种情况同时变化the+比较级，the +比较级 (越，越)The quicker you get ready，the sooner well be able to leave三者或三者以上比较the+最高级+ofin + 比较范围(之中最)Of all things in the world，people are the most precious.二 比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前al
4、most, nearly, just, quite, half, twice, three times, etcThe river is three times as long as that one.2用于比较级前1) many, a few (用于“more+可数名词复数”前)It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.2) a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two years, 5%, twice, etc.My desk mate is e
5、ven fatter than me.3用于最高级前the very, much the, by far the, the first/secondThis cake is by far the largest in the world.三 两种形式的副词，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly结尾。1hard hardlyhard 劝告；刻苦地；猛烈地；困难地He studies very hard . 他学习非常努力。hardly 几乎不；简直不We hardly had time to eat breakfast . 我们简直没时间吃早饭。2high highlyhigh 高高地；地位高；声音高T
6、he plane flies high . 飞机飞得很高highly 高度地；非常(常和 praise , speak 等动词连用) They spoke very highly of him . 他们称赞他。3deep deeplydeep修饰具体动作时，往往两个词可换用，但多用deepThey had to dig very deep (deeply) in order to find water . 他们必须挖得很深，才能发现水。表示静止状态时只用 deep (此时多与介词、副词连用)。The meeting continued deep into the night . 会议持续到了深
7、夜。deeply修饰形容词或过去分词只能用 deeply。I am deeply grateful to you . 我非常感谢你。deeply 可与 hate , dislike , regret , admire , love , value 等动词连用，但不能与动词 like 连用。I deeply regret his death . 我对他的去世深感遗憾。4late latelylate 迟；晚。The bus arrived 5 minutes late . 公共汽车迟到了五分钟。lately 最近；不久前 (同 recently )。What have you been doin
8、g lately ? 最近你在做什么 ?as late as 与 as lately as 都有“近至；直到”之意，用法相同。I saw him as late(lately) as yesterday . 直到昨天我才看见他。5nearnearlynear 近；临近；在附近。The train came nearer and nearer . 火车越来越近了。nearly 几乎；差不多；将近。It is nearly ten oclock . 差不多十点钟了。6close closelyclose 靠近；挨近；接近。Come close so that I can see you . 走近点
9、以便我能看清你。closely 紧密地；紧紧地；秘密地；仔细地；严密地。We followed closely after him . 我们紧紧地跟在他后面。四 以ly结尾的形容词：1表示时间的形容词hourly, daily, nightly, weekly, monthly, quarterly, yearly, early, timely 及时的。This theatre gives a nightly performance.2表示人的形容词manly 男子气的，womanly 女人气的，wifely 妻子似的，fatherly 父亲般的，childly 孩子般的，comradely
10、同 志式的 What are wifely duties? 什么是做妻子的责任?3表示人的外貌、特征、性格、心理等的形容词 lovely, friendly, ugly, lively, lonely, friendly, unfriendly, kindly, sickly, poorly, elderly 年长的，homely 不漂亮的、朴实的。Children are usually lively.4表示事物特征、环境、情况、状态的形容词 likely 可能的，orderly 整齐的，costly 花费大的，deadly 致命的，mannerly 有貌的，chilly 凉的，disord
11、erly 乱七八糟的,unlikely 不可能的。Please leave our classroom in an orderly way.让我们的教室整整齐齐的。五 senior, junior, superior, inferior等词与to连用1能与to连用，但不能与than连用superior 优秀的，高级的(反义词inferior)。This restaurant is superior to the one we went to last week这家饭馆比我们上周毒的那家好。senior年长的，地位高的，资格老的(反义词junior ).She is senior to ever
12、yone else in the company.她在公司里比其他人资格都要老。2既不能与than连用，又不能与to连用的major主要的 minor次要的，表示不太重要或较次要。The young actress was given a minor part in the new play 年轻的女演员在这部新戏里被分配担任一个小角色。The infection is fairly minor, nothing to worry about感染不严重，用不着担心。六 某些以a开头的表语形容词以 a- 开头的只能作表语的形容词还有 afraid, alone, asleep, alive, a
13、like 等。特殊用法1) alive“活着的，活的”是表语形容词，既可指人又可指物，有时可与 living 互换。 He is dead, but his dog is still alive/living .他死了，但他的狗仍然活着。2) alive 作定语一般放在所修饰的名词后： Who is the greatest man alive? 谁是当今活着的最伟大的人？3) alive 可作宾语补足语： Lets keep the fish alive. 让鱼活着的吧。4)这类形容词一般都不能用 very 修饰，但可用 much 或 very much 等修饰。不能说：I am very
14、alone， 只可以说I am much alone或very much alone。七 多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序大致为：限定词(冠词/代词)数词描绘形容词大小形状新旧年龄颜色国籍材料名词a small round wooden table; an old Chinese stone bridge; the mans first two famous small red French oil paintingsII、实战演练 填入适当的形容词、副词或用所给词的正确形式填空1.The number of the trees that the villagers planted last
15、year reached as _ as 6,000,000.2.There was so _ smoke that they couldnt see across the hallway.3.My little brother is not old _ to go to school.4.In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait.5.I must be getting fatI can _ do my trousers up.6.They are _ little insects that we can not easily
16、see them with our eyes.7.There was _ little food left then that we had to turn to the local people for help.8.Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _ she was getting.9.I havent seen the movie and my brother hasnt _.10.He is always telling lies, so I will _ believe him.11.John is very lazy. He f
17、alls _ behind in his studies.12.Two passengers fell into the sea. _, neither of them could swim.13.We talked _ into the night and I was _ moved by his words.(deep)14.I found his talk very _ and I was really _ in it.(interest)15.Who is the greatest poet _ (live)?16.The more words you know, the _(easy
18、) you can read.17.David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels _(little) desire to go to bed.18.We have a _ (month) rainfall of four inches in winter here.19.He is by far the _ (good) student in his class.20.I have two brothers and both of them are _ than me. My _
19、 brothers are friendly with me.(old)答案： 1. many2. much3. enough 4. other 5. hardly6. such7. so8. heavier9. either 10. never 11. far 12. Unluckily/Unfortunately13. deep, deeply 14. interesting, interested 15. alive 16. the more easily 17. the least 18. monthly 19. best 20.older, elder二、语法填空用括号中所给词语的正
20、确形式填空。A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studying his 1 (month) bills when his young son rushed in and announced, “Dad, because this is your birthday and youre 55 years old, Im going to give you 55 kisses, one for each year!” But the father exclaimed, “Oh, Andrew, dont do it now; Im t
21、oo busy!”The youngster immediately fell 2 (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes. 3 (Apologetic) the father said, “You can finish later.”The boy said nothing but 4 (quiet) walked away, 5 (disappoint). That evening the father said, “Come and finish the kisses now, Andrew!” But the boy di
22、dnt respond. 6 (fortunate), the boy had an accident and was drowned. His heartbroken father wrote“If only I could tell him how much I regret my 7 (thought) words, and could be assured that he knows how much my heart is aching.”Love is a two-way street. Any loving act must be 8 (warm) accepted or it
23、will be taken as 9 (reject) and can leave a scar. Nothing is more 10 (importance) than responding with love to the cry for love from those who are near and precious to us. Because there may be no chance at all as in the case of the little boy.答案： 1. monthly 2. silent 3. Apologetically 4. quietly 5.
24、disappointed 6. Unfortunately 7. thoughtless 8. warmly 9. rejection 10. importantMany people think teachers give pupils too much homework. They say that it is 1 (necessary) for children to work at home in their free time. 2 they argue that most teachers do not 3 （proper）plan the homework tasks they
25、give to pupils. The results are that pupils have to repeat tasks which they have 4 done at school. 5 (Recent) Recently in Greece many parents complained about the 6 (difficulty) homework which teachers gave to their children. The parents said that most of the homework was 7 (use), and they wanted to
26、 stop it. Spain and Turkey are two countries which stopped homework recently. In Denmark, Germany and several other countries in Europe, teachers cannot set homework at weekends. In Holland, teachers allow pupils to stay at school to do their homework. The children can 8 (free) help one another. Sim
27、ilar arrangement also exists in some British schools.Most people agree that homework is not fair. A pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and 9 （comfort）room is in a much 10 (good) position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. Some parents are ready to
28、 help their children with their homework. But other parents even take no interest at all in their childrens homework.答案 ：1. unnecessary 2. Moreover 3. properly 4 . already 5. Recently 6.difficult 7. useless 三、完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21-30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。One day a police officer managed
29、 to get some fresh mushrooms (蘑菇). He was so 21 that he cooked them and offered to share with his fellow officers. “Let the dog try a piece first,” suggested one 22 officer who was afraid that the mushrooms might be 23 . The dog seemed to enjoy his mushroom, and the officers then began to eat their
30、meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange but quite 24 taste. An hour later, however, they were all 25 when the gardener rushed in and said 26 that the dog was dead. Immediately, the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the 27 hospital. Pumps(洗胃器) were used and the officers had a v
31、ery 28 time getting rid of the mushrooms that remained in their stomachs. When they returned, they called the gardener to tell how the dog died. “Did it suffer much before death?” asked one of the officers, feeling very pleased that he had escaped a 29 death himself. “No”, the gardener looked rather
32、 30 . “It was killed the moment a car hit it.”21.A.sureB. careless C. pleasedD. disappointed22.A.frightened B. shyC. cheerfulD. careful23.A.dangerous B. poisonousC. harmful D. smelly24.A.special B. deliciousC. pleasant D. bitter25.A.glad B. curiousC. satisfied D. astonished26.A.cruelly B. curiously C. seriouslyD. finally27.A.animalB. biggest C. bestD. nearest28.A.hard B. busy C. excitingD. unforgettable29.A.strange B. painfulC. peacefulD. natural30.A.happyB. interestedC. surprisedD. excitedCDBCD CDABC
