人教版英语必修一Unit-4-Earthquake知识点总结详解整理.doc

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1、必修一Unit 4 Earthquake Section A&B&C1. a big earthquake一场大地震2. sth. happen to sb.某人发生了某事3. right away= at once= in no time立刻,马上4. 【辨析】rise“上升”,不及物动词,无被动rise-rose-risenraise(1) “上升,举起”,及物动词(2) “喂养”,例句:I raised a dog.我喂养了一只狗。5. crack (n.裂缝&v.破裂) A deep crack一道深深的裂缝 The glass cracked.玻璃破裂了。6. smelly gas有

2、臭味的气体7. in the farmyard在农家庭院 on the farm在农场8. too.to.太.而不能.【拓展】表肯定:l (only/but/all/simply/just)+too+心理状态形容词/描述性形容词+to “非常” 心理状态形容词:anxious/eager/glad/pleased/thankful/delighted等描述性形容词: easy/good/kind等Im only too delighted to accept your invitation.我非常高兴接受你的邀请。l not/never too.to.“做某事还不/决不太.” 例句:Its n

3、ever too old to learn.活到老,学到老。【注意】can/could not.too/enough.“无论怎样也不过分,无论怎么都不够”You cant be too careful when crossing the road.过马路是,你再怎么小心也不为过。9. 现在分词短语做状语:表原因、时间、结果、条件、目的、让步、方式或伴随情况等。(1) 伴随状语He sat at the table reading China Daily.他坐在桌子旁看中国日报(2) 原因状语 Being ill, she didnt go to school as usual today.因为

4、生病,她今天没像往常一样去上学。(3)时间状语Having persuaded him to change his mind, I went on a journey with him.说服他改变主意后,我跟他一块儿去旅行了。(4)结果状语The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.那位母亲去世了,给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。(5)条件状语Turning right, you will find the place you want.右转弯,你就会找到你要找的地方。(6)目的状语She was hugging her dau

5、ghter, hoping to calm her down.她拥抱着她的女儿,希望能让她平静下来。【注意】现在分词否定式:not+现在分词现在分词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。10. a water pipe一个水管11. burst v.(使)爆裂;(使)膨胀;爆发; burst-burst-burst The water pipe cracked and burst. n.突发,爆发There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。 v.猛冲;突然出现 He burst into the room without k

6、nocking.他没敲门就闯进了房间。【拓展】l burst into+名词=burst out doing 突然.起来burst into tears=burst out crying 突然哭起来/ burst into laughter=burst out laughing突然笑起来l burst in闯进l be bursting with充满;爆满 The roads are bursting with cars.车辆把那些道路挤满了。l a burst of (突然)一阵12. million百万【用法】one million一百万 several million几百万 a doze

7、n million一千两百万 millions of+名词 几百万. 【其他数字用法】tens of thousands of.数以万计的. hundreds of thousands of.几十万【其他表示数字的词】 dozen一打(十二) score(二十)13. event n.(1) 事件;(尤指)大事l current/the latest events当前事件/最新事件(2) (体育比赛等的)项目,赛事l one of the major sporting events of the year年度重大体育赛事之一【辨析】event重要事件;比赛项目The Asian Games w

8、ere one of the major sporting events of the year.亚运会是年度重大体育赛事之一。accident偶然或意外发生的不幸事情Over 70,000 people are seriously injured every year in road accidents.每年在道路事故中受伤的人有七万多。incident小事件或附带事件政治上有影响的事件或事变The incident was noticed in a magazine.这一事件在一份杂志里出现了。14. think highly/much of sb. 重视,高度评价 think littl

9、e/nothing of sb.几乎不考虑;对.不重视,忽视 think ill of认为.不好,说.坏话 think well of 认为.好,器重15. as if=as though+句子 “好像 even if= even though+句子 “尽管”【注意】(1)as if/though引导表语从句: 陈述语气:接近事实 一般过去时:与现在/将来事实相反连系动词look/seem/feel + as if/though +从句 虚拟语气 过去完成时:与过去事实相反It looks as if it will rain before long.看起来一会儿就要下雨了。(陈述语气)It

10、seems as if he knew everything.他似乎是个万事通。(虚拟语气)(2) as if还可引导方式状语从句,用法与引导表语从句时类似。(3)as if用于省略句,结构为:as if+名词/不定式/分词等 He acts as if (he were) a fool.他做事像个傻子。16. at an end完毕,结束(在句中做表语)【拓展】in the end of. 在.末端 bring/put. to an end= bring/put an end to.使.终止 in the end=finally最终 come to an end结束17. 三分之一:one

11、third 三分之二:two thirds 二又五分之三:two and three fifths【规则】分子在前,分母在后 分子基数词,分母序数词 分子大于等于2时,分母为复数形式【拓展】 可数名词复数+复数谓语 分数/百分比+of + 可数名词单数+单数谓语 不可数名词+单数谓语More than 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.地球超过70%的表面被水覆盖。 Some of, plenty of, a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of+名词作

12、为主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据of后的名词或代词的单复数。A lot of parcels are transported to all over China during the “Double-11” festival every year.每年双十一期间,有大量包裹运往中国各地。A lot of money has been wasted for no reason.许多钱被无缘无故地浪费了。18. cut across横切,穿过,抄近路19. dirt不可数名词,且前面无冠词the20. ruin (n.)废墟,断壁残垣,破灭(表“废墟,遗迹”时通常用复数ruins)We saw th

13、e ruins of the church.我们看到了这座教堂的废墟。【常用搭配】be/lie in ruins严重受损,破败不堪 v. 毁坏,毁灭,灭亡,使破产ruin sb./sth.Heavy smoke ruined his health.重度吸烟毁了他的健康。【拓展】go/come to ruin衰落,败落 fall into ruin衰落,败落 bring sth. to ruin使某物毁灭 bring sb. to ruin使某人破产 ruin oneself自我毁灭 ruin ones hopes使某人希望破灭【单复数意义不同的词】单数复数单数复数arm手臂arms武器gree

14、n绿色greens青菜damage损害damages赔偿费force力量forces军队,兵力instruction指导instructions说明(书)sand沙子sands沙滩,沙地direction方向directions说明(书)spirit精神spirits情绪,心情work工作works著作,作品paper纸papers论文,试卷21. extreme adj.极度的(无比较级和最高级) extremely adv.极度地(无比较级和最高级)22. injured adj.受伤的 the injured受伤的人 injury n.受伤,伤害 injure (vt.)因意外事故造成的

15、伤wound (vt./n.)刀伤,枪伤,刺伤,战场受伤hurt (vt./vi/n.)对肉体或心灵的伤害Harm (vt./n.)伤及健康、权力、事业等23. everywhere(无论什么地方)+句子 Everywhere they looked, everything was destroyed.他们看到的所有地方,所有东西都被毁了。24. be gone消失了,没有了Their homes were gone.他们的家没有了。25. blow sth. away吹走,驱散 blow-blew-blown No wind however, could blow them away.但是没

16、有风可以吹走他们。26. shock v&n (1) v.使震惊;使难以置信 【搭配】 it shocked sb. to see/hear.看到/听到使某人震惊 It shocked them to hear that the hospital was closing down. 听说这家医院即将关闭,他们惊讶不已。 (2) n.休克;打击;(令人)震惊(的事) l be a shock to sb.对某人来说是一个打击 l be in a state of shock惊魂未定/处于休克状态l suffer from shock陷入休克状态【单词积累】 (1) shocked adj.惊慢的

17、,感到震惊的;愤慨的,十分厌恶的l be shocked at/by对感到震惊/被震惊l be shocked to do sth.对做某事感到震惊l shocked look/ expression/ voice震惊的表情/声音l stand in shocked silence惊愕地站着,一言不发l too shocked to talk愕然无语l be deeply shocked at her behaviour对她的行为深感厌恶(2) shocking adj.令人震惊的,令人憎恶的l the shocking news令人震惊的消息l Its shocking that. 是令人憎

18、恶的27. rescue vt.营救;援救rescue .from sth./doing sth.把.从.中救出来 n.援救,营救;救援行动come/go to ones rescue(=rescue sb.)援救/帮助某人rescue workers营救人员a rescue team一个救援队伍28. trap vt.使陷入困境;困住,关住 (trap-trapped-trapped)be trapped in.=be caught in.被困在.中,陷入.中trap sb. into doing sth.陷害/诱骗某人做某事 n.(捕捉动物的)陷阱;圈套,诡计;困境,牢笼29. last+

19、一段时间 “持续了.” The rescue work lasted a week.营救工作持续了一个星期。30. 【部分否定】表示全体意义的代词、形容词或副词,如all, both, every, everything, everybody, everyone, always, wholly等和否定副词not连用时均表示部分否定,意思为“并非都.,并非总是.”pAll hope was not lost.=Not all hope was lost.并不是所有的希望都消失了。【全部否定】表示全部否定意义的词(no, none, neither, nothing, nobody, never等

20、)与肯定形式的谓语连用。None of us could persuade him into giving up smoking.我们当中没有人能说服他戒烟。31. dig out挖掘;发现 (dig-dug-dug)dig sth. out把某物挖出来 32. bury vt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏He buried his face in his hands and burst into tears.他双手掩面突然大哭起来。He likes to bury himself in the country.他喜欢隐居乡间。【拓展】bury oneself in=be buried in埋头于,专心于

21、 be lost in陷入.中专心于,致力于 devote oneself to=be devoted to专心于,献身于 fix/focus/concentrate ones attention on/upon专心于,致力于,集中注意力于33. in the direction of.在.方向 in the north of the city= in the northern part of the city在城市的北方(在内部)在.北方 to the north of (不接壤) on the north of (在外部,接壤)34. a cool mine一个煤矿35. fresh wa

22、ter淡水36. a (great) number of (许多,大量的)+可数名词复数+复数谓语 the number of (.的数量)+可数名词复数+单数谓语37. damage vt.&n.伤害,损失 do/cause harm to.对.造成伤害【辨析】damage局部伤害,使整体价值变低或变得无作用、无价值You have damaged my bike.你弄坏了我的自行车。ruin一般指经过长时间的侵蚀。也常指对美好的或有希望的事物的破坏。Youll ruin the chance of getting the job if you wear that shirt for the

23、 interview.如果穿那件衬衫去面试,你会断送得到那份工作的机会。destroy完全的破坏,常含不能修复的意思,也可表示在肉体上、精神上或道义上彻底摧毁。All the houses in the village were destroyed in the earthquake.在地震中,这个村庄的所有房子都被毁坏了。38. Frightening adj.令人恐惧的【常用搭配】(1)frighten vt使惊吓;吓唬frighten sb. into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事frighten sb. out of doing sth.吓得某人不做某事(2) frightene

24、d ad受惊的,受恐吓的be frightened of (doing) sth.害怕(做)某事be frightened at sth.因某事/某物而害怕39. Congratulation n.祝贺;(复数) 贺词,贺语 Congratulations on sth.祝贺你. offer/send ones congratulations (to sb.) on sth. = congratulate sb. on sth. (向某人)祝贺某事例句:Congratulations on your success.= Congratulate you on your success. 恭喜你

25、成功了。【比较】congratulate (祝贺)+宾语(人) congratulate sb. on sth.celebrate(庆贺)+宾语(生日、胜利、纪念日等)40. be pleased to do很高兴做.;乐于做.41. be proud of sb./sth.因.而骄傲,为.感到自豪 take pride in.因.感到自豪42. would like to do愿意做.43. have sb. Do sth.让某人做某事44. invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事45. judge n.裁判员;法官;评判员;审判员He acts as the judge

26、at the speech contest.他担任这次演讲比赛的裁判。The judge sentenced him to five years in prison. 法官判他5年监禁。 v.断定;判断;判决【搭配】judging by/from由判断as far as I can judge据我判断 Judging from his accent, he is from Shanghai.根据口音来判断,他是上海人。As far as I can judge, Li Ming is more reliable.据我判断,李明更可靠。【注意】judging by/from.在句中作独立成分,不

27、受句子主语的影响和限制,表达是说话者的看法或判断,类似 judging by/from.用作独立成分的还有:generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking 一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说considering(that)考虑到,鉴于,就而言 providing/ provided (that) 假知,倘若46. Express v.表达,表示,表露express sth. to sb.向某人表达某事express ones thanks/gratitude to sb.向某人表达感谢express oneself表达自己的思想感情 Please express my thanks to your father.请向你的父亲表达我的感谢。 n.特快列车;快递 adj.特快的,快递的 an express train特快列车 express delivery service快递服务

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